result 9298 件
| Author | 吉田 裕一| 松野 大樹| 後藤 丹十郎| 高田 圭太| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2010-04-01 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学農学部センター報告 |
| Volume | volume32 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| Author | 岩﨑 志保| 池田 晋| 野崎 貴博| 山本 悦世| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2010-02-26 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学埋蔵文化財調査研究センター紀要 |
| Volume | volume2008 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| Author | 野崎 貴博| 岩﨑 志保| 宇田津 徹朗| 山本 悦世| 光本 順| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 2008-03-21 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学埋蔵文化財調査研究センター紀要 |
| Volume | volume2006 |
| Content Type | Departmental Bulletin Paper |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/40077 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A FORTRAN data processing system for the epidemiological data on rheumatic diseases - Part 1. Basic programs for deposit and retrieval of data |
| FullText URL | 046_045_059.pdf |
| Author | Itoh, Keiko| Kitayama, Minoru| Morinaga, Hiroshi| Matsui, Yoshito| |
| Abstract | A set of FORTRAN programs for small computer is described for deposit and retrieval of the epidemiological data, which have been compiled at the Kami-hojo-cho district in Feb. 1972and Feb. 1975. A data file is constructed on a magnetic disk. The following items are recorded and registered on the disk for every person: identification number, full name in Japanese alphabet, sex, date of birth, weight, height, blood pressures, chemical characterics of blood serum and urine, and various complaints of clinical significance (fever, morning stiffness, arthralgia, joint swelling, myalgia, cutaneous rash, aphthous stomatitis, dry eyes, dry mouth, joint deformity, subcutaneous nodules, lymph and parotid gland enlargement, struma, heart murmur, and neulogical findings). All information per one person requires only two IBM cards due to compact encoding of original records. The encode-decode procedures are explained also in the text. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1977-03-25 |
| Volume | volume46 |
| Start Page | 45 |
| End Page | 59 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 40000321122 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/40076 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The involvement of ear and throat in rheumatoid arthritis II. On the Rheumatoid Arthritis of Cricoaryenoid Joint |
| FullText URL | 047_025_032.pdf |
| Author | Oda, Rei| |
| Abstract | Until 1955 a few reports had been made concerning this problem. On December 1955. Montgomery, Perone and Schall reported four cases of rheumatoid arthritis of cricoarytenoid joint. It seemed to have interested other authors so that Saunders, Pearson, BakerBywaters, Copeman and Polisar reported their clinical findings. In 1957 Pearson presented a histological section of cricoarytenoid joint, showing villous synovial proliferation. In 1959 Montgomery reported another series of additional cases and microscopical findings of the cricoarytenoid joint of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study did not show a complete fibrous ankylosis but severe arthritic changes were seen. In the same year Copeman et al. reported an autopsy case of rheumatoid arthritis with ankylosis of cricoarytenoid joint. In early 1960's Grossman et al. examined 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and found 18 patients with some suggestive evidence of cricoarytenoid arthritis. Lofgren and Montgomery examined 100 patients of rheumatoid arthritis, finding 26% of them had involvement of cricoarytenoid joint. They stated that this disease seemed to be more common and more severe in female. Bienenstock stated 17 cases of 64 randomly selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis had one or more symptoms considered to be characteristic of cricoarytenoid arthritis. He claimed that arthritis of cricoarytenoid joint occured much more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than had been suspected. At postmortem examination Grossman saw histological changes of cricoarytenoid joint characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis in 5 of 11 autopsied patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Bienenstock found the same in 7 of 8 patients. In 1963 for the third time Montgomery discussed of cricoarytenoid arthritis, based on his own experiences and many available literatures. Pathologic changes range between the mere synovial thickning and the complete disruption. Montgomery believed as others did, that in ankylosing chronic stage inspiratory bowing of both vocal cords and absolute fixation of arytenoid cartilage were diagnostic signs of rheumatoid arthritis of cricoarytenoid joint. In 1958 Darke, Wolman and Young reported five cases of laryngeal stridor, where in four cases tracheotomy became necessary. Two of them were brought to autopsy and histological examination. They found evidence of the nerve degeneration and mobile cricoarytenoid joint. The cause of nerve degeneration in the second case was an ischaemic neuropathy from rheumatoid arteritis of vasa nervorum. These findings were different from those of Montgomery and others. In 1965 Wolman, Darke and Young had an opportunity of six more autopsy examples. They confirmed from their own pathologic findings that laryngeal stridor occuring in rheumatoid arthritis was due mainly to arteritis of the vasa nervorum causing ischaemic neuropathy and that polymyositis and joint disease might augment this effect. Woldorf and Webb et aI. introduced both of these opinions. Anyhow, in U. S. A. and in England 25%-28% of rheumatoid arthritis seems to have rheumatoid arthritis of cricoarytenoid joint. On the other hand in our country there has been seen no report on rheumatoid arthritis of cricoarytenoid joint. In order, therefore, to investigate this problem author examined in medical clinic of Misasa branch hospital of Okayama university school of medicine 76 patients of classical and definite rheumatoid arthritis. Their complaints were as follows. 1) dryfeeling of throat 17 (22.4%) 2) slight hoarseness 11 (14.5%) 3) choking by long conversation 1 (1.32%) 4) slight dysphagia 2 (2.6%) The larynx was mirrored indirectly by Türk's, Killian's and Avellis's position. Any redness, swelling of mucous membrane, abnormality of vocal cords and arytenoid cartilage were not found. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1978-03-25 |
| Volume | volume47 |
| Start Page | 25 |
| End Page | 32 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 40000321117 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40071 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A History Study od "Yamu" and The Dervatives - "Urayamu" "Kokoroyamu" etc - |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_001_009.pdf |
| Author | Chen, Gang| Yoshida, Norio| |
| Abstract | 「ヤ（病）ム」は､上代以来、主として身体の異変（病気にかかるなど）を表す語である。その動詞形派生語として、「ウラヤム」と「ココロヤム」があげられる。「ウラヤム」は､上代訓読系資料に「妬む」の類義語として､強い「嫉妬」を表していたものの､平安中期頃、意味変化を生じ、「羨望」を表すようになって、現代まで用い続けられてきた。「ココロヤム」は、語構成の通り、「心が病気になったように苦しむ」の意味を表す語であり、中古に少数例のみみられる。一方、それぞれの形容詞形派生語は､「ヤマシ（イ）」のように､動詞形と異なる意味用法を呈するものもあれば、「ウラヤマシ（イ）」「ココロヤマシ（イ）」のように、動詞形とほぼ対応しているものもある。このような相違は、それぞれの語の初出当時の文体や共起表現の作用などによるものである。 |
| Keywords | ヤム ウラヤム ココロヤム 心情語 語彙史 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | (1) |
| End Page | (9) |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314159 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40070 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Physics Education for Gymnasium in the Swiss Gernlan Zone, Canton of Bern |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_093_104.pdf |
| Author | Tanaka, Kenji| |
| Abstract | スイス―ドイツ語圏ベルン邦―のギムナジウム（通算呼称で第9～12学年）における物理教育の現状を,いわば学校教育法,同施行規則,学習指導要領などから,明らかにした｡ギムナジウムにおける物理教育の教科の種類や性格（目標）などは,そもそも大枠では,学校調整に関する邦間の協定（学習指導要領の大綱）に従っていること,一方,具体的な授業時間数や内容からは,第10学年と第11学年で分岐するが,最低でも3年間,過授業時間数合計で6時間,学ばれること,物理の3教科(基礎,重点,補充教科)の違いは,履修学年,授業時間数,目標だけでなく,最後の学習内容,現代物理の範囲と程度,その他の分野という内容の違いに,現れていることを明らかにした｡ |
| Keywords | スイス連邦 ドイツ語圏 ベルン邦 ギムナジウム 物理教育 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 93 |
| End Page | 104 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314158 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40069 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Language in Collage: Sara Fanelli's Picture Books and Discourse |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_085_092.pdf |
| Author | Okada, Kazuya| |
| Abstract | THE PRESENT STUDY ATTEMPTS TO INVESTIGATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SARA FANELLI'S PICTURE BOOKS, FOCUSING IN PARTICULAR UPON THE FUNCTION OF LANGUAGE. IN THIS PAPER THE MOST FEASIBLE POINTS FROM HER WORKS FOR THE DISCUSSION WILL BE EXPLORED AND EXAMINED WITH THE ULTIMATE AIM TO DEMONSTRATE THE DEPTH OF HER MANIPULATION OF LANGUAGE. |
| Keywords | Sara Fanelli Wolf 言語とコラージュ 英語絵本 英詩と伝統 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 85 |
| End Page | 92 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314157 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40068 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Gender-Based Study of Word-Pairs in Richardson's Pamela |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_075_083.pdf |
| Author | Wakimoto, Kyoko| |
| Abstract | English has a multitude of word-pairs based on gender differences. In their usage, however, many of the paired words have not been treated equally in a strict sense as can typically be seen in the case of 'man' and 'woman.' The present article discusses the most basic issue of masculine and feminine tenns mainly through a historical perspective. Our linguistic material here is Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) which offers good examples to show gender and class differences of address forms; for its theme concerns a maid-servant's conflict against her master and his equals. We hope to explore the author's social attitudes reflected in his choice of gender-specific words. |
| Keywords | 対語 ジェンダー pamela 呼称 18世紀 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 75 |
| End Page | 83 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314156 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40067 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Best Textbook of Japanese-language Teaching in the Late Ch'ing Era; Japanese-language textbook by GUO Zupei & XIONG Jinshou |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_063_074.pdf |
| Author | Yoshida, Norio| Liu, Jianyun| |
| Abstract | 1899年春,東本願寺が中国の華中方面にいくつかの東文学堂を設立した｡金陵東文学堂はそのなかでもっとも成功した一例である｡本稿は,金陵東文学堂の卒業生により作成された『日語独習書』(1903)を掘り起こし,その著者と成立刊行の経過,作成原則,構成,内容.特徴などを考察し,同時期の植民地台湾の日本語教科書との関連性を検討した｡そして,本書の活末中国の日本語教育における重要な位置と意義を明らかにし,日本語教育史研究における活末東文学堂の口語指導用の教材史料の不十分による研究の空自を埋める｡ |
| Keywords | 日本語教育史 日語独習書 金陵東文学堂 清末中国 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 63 |
| End Page | 74 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314155 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40066 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Some Characteristics of Personal Networks of an Elderly Japanese Woman in Melbourne |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_057_062.pdf |
| Author | Nobe, Masao| |
| Abstract | 本稿の目的は,メルボルンに住む日本人高齢女性のパーソナル･ネットワークの特徴を指摘することである｡そのために,メルボルンに住む日本人高齢女性,イギリスからの移民の高齢女性,メルボルンで生まれ育った高齢女性の3人を比較した｡これによって,次の2つの特徴を指摘した｡①メルボルンに住む日本人高齢女性のパーソナル･ネットワークは規模が小さく,日本にいる高齢女性のそれに近い｡②高齢女性の子供の多くが近くに住んでいる｡ |
| Keywords | パーソナル・ネットワーク メルボルン 日本人 高齢女性 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 57 |
| End Page | 62 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314154 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40065 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Recent Trends of Research on the Teacher Influence Processes on the Classroom and a Student |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_039_055.pdf |
| Author | Mishima, Misa| Fuchigami, Katsuyoshi| |
| Abstract | 本稿では,教育現場における児童･生徒に対する教師の影響力に焦点を当て,先行研究を以下の視点で概観する｡まず,これまでの教師の影響力の先行研究においては,教師の指導行動を場面ごとに分けて考えることがなかったことより,本研究において,具体的な三つの指導行動場面（①学級集団全体を対象にした指導行動場面 ②学級集団の中にいる児童･生徒個人を対象にした指導行動場面 ③個別指導時の児童･生徒個人を対象にした指導行動場面）を設定し,それぞれの場面ごとに従来の研究を整理する｡また,これまでは,学級集団,児童･生徒個人のどちらか一方への影響のみを検討している研究が多かったので,教師の影 響の及ぶ範囲にも視点を置き,先行研究をまとめていく｡さらに,それらを踏まえて,学級経営の実践的諸問題へ対応するため,教師の影響過程の全体的構造を把握できる理論的モデルを提示する｡ |
| Keywords | 教師 影響力 指導行動 学級集団 児童・生徒個人 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 39 |
| End Page | 55 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314153 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40064 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Psychoeducational program to prevent emotional and behavioral problems among junior high school students: Outcome evaluation for Successful Self 2 |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_027_037.pdf |
| Author | Ando, Mikayo| |
| Abstract | 青少年における情緒的および行動上の問題に対する包括的な予防をねらいとした心理教育的プログラム"サクセスフル･セルフ"の継続実施をねらいとして発展した"サクセスフル･セルフ2"を,学校の実情を考慮して異なるレッスンを選択し実施した2校の中学1年生(A群･B群)を対象に,介入前後の効果に関する検討を行った｡両群とも成功していく自分をイメージして目標を立てる1時限のレッスンから始め,さらにA群では,自己や友達関係の在り方について考える2レッスンを各2時限かけて計5時限行い,B群では,他者理解,もめごとやストレスに対処するスキルを身につける4レッスンを3時限かけて計4時限行った｡プログラム前後に行動ならびに心理社会的要因に関する自記式調査を行った｡その結果,両群とも,介入後には,｢いじめ｣,｢いじめをする友達｣の減少,｢まじめな学校生活態度｣,｢円滑な友達関係｣,｢活気｣の増加が見られた｡さらにB群では,｢社会性｣,抑うつ･不安 等｢気分状態｣の向上も見られた｡以上より,本プログラムは,青少年の情緒的および行動上の問題を予防し,心の健康を育むことが可能であると示唆された｡ |
| Keywords | 心理教育的プログラム いじめ 抑うつ 不安 友達関係 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 27 |
| End Page | 37 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314152 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40063 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Instructional Competence of Teachers in Lessons (III) : With Focus on Acquisition of Fundamentals and Basics and Communicative Instruction |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_013_025.pdf |
| Author | Ono, Hiroo| |
| Abstract | 今日,基礎的･基本的な内容についての学習が一方では機械的なトレーニングとして,また他方ではその内容を軽視した話し合い活動のための単なる素材として取り扱われる傾向がある｡これは知識や技能の｢習得｣と｢活用｣のとらえ方と無関係ではない｡前者は｢活用｣の基礎に練習･記憶による｢習得｣を位置づけ,後者は豊か思考活動に重きをおいて｢習得｣や達成についてはあまり配慮を加えない｡こうしたあり方に対して,｢習得｣も｢活用｣もバランスよく指導することが重要であるともされるが,問題の本質は量的なバランス論にあるのではない｡今日の授業の基本的課題として重要なことは,｢基礎的･基本的な内容｣に込められている意味を確認し,これまでの日本の授業実践の蓄積を読み直すことによって,｢基礎的･基本的な内容｣の豊かな習得を保障する｢授業展開｣の仕組みを明らかにすることである｡ |
| Keywords | 基礎 基本 授業展開 発問 学習形態 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 13 |
| End Page | 25 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314151 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40062 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Developing of Manufacturing Education utilizing Robot Contest |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_007_012.pdf |
| Author | Ohashi, Kazumasa| Senoo, Kazumichi| |
| Abstract | 今日,ロボットコンテストは中学生の間で人気があり,ものづくりの基礎を教える教材として興味深い｡そこで,本研究では,ロボットコンテストを活用して競技性を導入することにより,ロボット製作のおもしろさ,ものづくりのおもしろさについて興味をもたせることが目的である｡とくに,ロボットコンテストでは,競技ルールに基づいて,最高のパフォーマンスを行うという到達目標をもって,ロボットを設計し製作することである｡そのために,ロボットの動きなどに工夫を凝らし,競技に勝つためのロボットの機構,構造,材料などの基礎設計,製作方法,組立技術について論述すると共に,それらの指導方法について考察する｡最後に,コンテストに向けて製作したロボットの例を示し,製作上の留意点,指導方法についてまとめる｡ |
| Keywords | ロボットコンテスト ロボット設計 ロボット製作 ものづくり教育 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 7 |
| End Page | 12 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314150 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/bgeou/40061 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Visual Effect of Wood in Black Enclosure Display |
| FullText URL | bgeou_144_001_006.pdf |
| Author | Hirata, Seiji| Hieshima, Chiharu| Senoo, Kazumichi| |
| Abstract | 本研究は,大学生･大学院生を対象にして,筐体がプラスチックで黒色のディスプレイ画面外枠に木材を張り付けたディスプレイを使用したときに目の疲労が減少するかどうか等を官能調査することを目的とした｡普通のプラスチックディスプレイと木材を張り付けたディスプレイを比較した結果を次に示す｡（1）木材を張り付けたディスプレイは目と頭の疲労が少ないと,回答する者が多かった｡（2）木材を張り付けたディスプレイは,居住環境面のみならず教育的価値面においてもよいイメージであった｡しかしながら,集中できるのは普通のプラスチックディスプレイであると回答する者が多かった｡ |
| Keywords | VDT作業 目 ディスプレイ プラスチック 木材 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学大学院教育学研究科研究集録 |
| Published Date | 2010-06-25 |
| Volume | volume144 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 6 |
| ISSN | 1883-2423 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002314149 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/21349 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZIRCONIUM |
| FullText URL | pitsr_029_001_006.pdf |
| Author | Okuno, Takaharu| Sakanoue, Masanobu| |
| Abstract | Neo-Thorin was previously presented by the other authers as a color-developing reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of zirconium. 1) To determine the optimum condition for the use of this method, the effects of pH, time and temperature, and the interference of several ions were checked. The following conclusions were derived from the experimental results: Absorption curve-- The zirconium Neo-Thorin complex salt shows a maximum absorption at 580 mμ against Neo-Thorin (Figs. 1 and 2). Effect of pH-- The complex salt gives a maximum absorption at pH 1. 7 (Fig. 3). Effect of time and temperature-- Color absorption is stable for a period of 15 to 200 minutes after color development at room temperature. Heating over 40°C is harmful, because of the formation of a purple precipitation. Interference by several ions-- Cations UO(2)(2+) and Fe(3+) besides Th(4+), considerably interfer with color development. The absorption of 2000 μg U corresponds to that of 10 μg Zr (Fig. 4). However, interference by Fe(3+) becomes negligible if hydroxylamine hydrochloride is added. 2) As a result of the above conclusions, the following procedure is recommended: Procedure recommended-- A few ml of sample solution, 1 ml of 20% hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 1 ml of dilute acid, if necessary, are mixed and diluted to 9 ml. To this solution, 1 ml of 0.05% Neo-Thorin is added. The pH value of the final solution is 1.7. From 15 to 200 minutes after mixing, color absorption is measured at 575 mμ. In the range of 0 to 150 μg Zr per 10 ml, the color absorption of the complex salt obeys Beer's law (Fig. 5). 3) In demonstration, this method was applied to the determination of zirconium in a uranium mineral. Table 1 shows the zirconium content of beta-uranophane from Katamo Mine, Tottori-ken. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1961-06-25 |
| Volume | volume29 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 6 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002310976 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/21343 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | A Clinical Investigation of Postgastrectomy Syndrome |
| FullText URL | pitsr_031_075_082.pdf |
| Author | Nakahara, Yasuhiro| Ohtani, Mitsuru| |
| Abstract | In order to investigate the frequency of postgastrectomy syndrome in patients with benign gastroduodenal diseases who gastrectomized partially, the authors studied the case records of consecutive 100 such patients treated at this institute. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Concerning postoperative diagnosis, 55 patients were diagnosed as ulcus ventriculi; 22, ulcus duodeni; 4, ulcus vent. et duodeni; 10, gastric hyperacidity only; 4, perigastric adhesion; 2, ptosis ventriculi; 2, gastric polyp; 1, duodenal diverticulum. 85 patients were male; 15, female. Concerning operative method, 21 patients were operated on Billroth I procedure; 19, Billroth II antecolica oralis inferior with Braun's anastomosis; 60, Billroth II oralis inferior. 2) Of 28 patients with postgastrectomy syndrome, 9 patients had early postprandial syndrome; 6, late postprandial syndrome; 6, postoperative gastric atonia; 2, afferent loop syndrome; 1, obstruction of efferent loop; 2, intestinal adhesion; 2, ulcer of anastomosed site. 3) In our series, there were no significant difference in frequency of postgastrectomy syndrome between B. I and B. II procedure, but postgastrectomy syndrome of patients with B. II were more severe than that of patients with B. I. 4) Of 72 patients without postgastrectomy syndrome, 69,7% (50 patients) continued to gain weight postoperatively, but of 28 patients with postgastreetomy syndrome 28,5% (8 patients) gained weight postoperatively. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1963-01-25 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Start Page | 75 |
| End Page | 82 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| Related Url | http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/21336 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002310941 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/21342 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Causes and Prevention of Intestinal Adhesions Part 2. Experimental Study of Intestinal Adhesions |
| FullText URL | pitsr_031_054_074.pdf |
| Author | Ohtani, Mitsuru| |
| Abstract | The experiments were designed (1) to investigate the effects of various types of injury to the peritoneum on the formation of adhesions, and (2) to study the hitological changes of the intestinal wall when injured artificially with 5 % iodine tincture. The experimental animals used were Wistar adult male rats with a weight range of 90 to 120 grams. A total of 170 rats were used. Experiment 1. The experimental animals were divided into 10 groups, each group consisting of 10 to 20 rats. Group A. The caecal serosa was injured with 2 % iodine tincture. Group B. The caecal seroSa was injured with 5 % iodine tincture. Group C. The caecal serosa was abraded with gauze until subserosal petechies were produced. Additional trauma to this area waS inflicted with 2 % iodine tincture. Group D. The caecal serosa was injured as in group C, but 5 % iodine tincture was used. Group E. The caecal serosa waS injured with 2 % aqueous mercurochrome solution. Group F. The caecal serosa was rubbed with gauze until subserosaI petechies were produced. Additional trauma to this area was inflicted with 2 % aqueous mercurochrome solution. Group G. The caecal wall was rubbed with gauze 100 times, injuring the subserosa. Group R. The anterior wall of the stomach and caecum was traumatized with a toothbrush and 2 ml of aqueous talcum solution were instilled into the peritoneal cavity. Group I. Excisions of the parietal peritoneum were performed with a surgical knife over areas of varying sizes at both sides of the operation wound. Group J. Adjacent loop of the intestines with normal serosa were connected to one another by No.2 black silk suture at two or three points. In five cases of this group, contacting surfaces of the intestines were injured with 5 % iodine tincture. The results obtained were as follows : (1) Local administration of 2 % iodine tincture and 2 % aqueous mercurochrome solution would not produce adhesions unless mechanical injury, such as rubbing with gauze was also present. (2) When the serosa was slightly injured with gauze, fibrinous adhesions were separated or torn apart by bowel movements. (3) Local administration of 5 % iodine tincture produced in all members of group B. The adhesions were moderate, not extensive in degree. Additional mechanical trauma aggravated the adhesions caused by bacterial contamination. (4) Intraperitoneal instillation of 10 % aqueous talcum solution produced extensive adhesions. The favorite sites of occurrence of the adhesions were the greater omentum and the small intestine. (5) Excision of the parietal peritoneum over areas of vareous sizes caused no adhesion. (6) Even prolonged contact between the intestinal wall and normal serosa did not result in the formation of adhesions. However, firm adhesions resulted from prolonged contact between injured serosal surfaces regardless of the type of injury. (7) The author would like to emphasize that large peritoneal defects should be left untreated, because attempts at peritonealization result in additional injury to the subserosa and often in more extensive adhesions. Experiment 2. (1) Edema and an infiltration of leucocytes occurred in the early stages of the inflammation. These histological changes were seen not only in the subserosa, the muscular layer, and the submucosa, but also in the mucosa. Lesions in the mucosa slowly developed into necroses or ulcers. The intensity of the adhesions varied with the severity of the lesions in the mucosa. (2) Twenty-four hours after injury to the peritoneum, P. A. S. positive substances began to appear in the submucosa, disappearing fourth post-operative day. (3) The process of the formation of the adhesions may be outlined as follow: a) After injury to the peritoneal surface, an exudate is formed. b) Thise xudate coagulates to form fibrin, which causes adiacent surfaces to cohere. c) Dunng organization, fibroblasts or fibrocytes migrate into this area. e) Whth the aid of mucopolysacchrides in ground substances, collagen is deposited and grdually a firm adhesion is formed. In some cases, however, this area becomes membraneous or strand-like in form during the completion of the process of adhesions, and is eventually torn apart. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1963-01-25 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Start Page | 54 |
| End Page | 74 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| Related Url | http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/21336 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002310954 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/21341 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Causes and Prevention of Intestinal Adhesions Part 1. Surve of the Literature |
| FullText URL | pitsr_031_040_053.pdf |
| Author | Ohtani, Mitsuru| |
| Abstract | 1) Seven types of irritation causing intestinal adhesions are recognized in the literature : namely, a) mechanical injury; b) chemical injury; c) thermal injury; d) bacterial infection; e) foreign body; f) blood; and g) exsiccation. Certain minor differences of opinion exist among investigators, according to the experimental methods and the experimental animals used, and blood is not universally accepted as a cause of adhesions. The author believes, however, that the above list includes all of the etiological factors so far recognized in the literature. 2) The mechanism of intestinal adhesions is similar to that of wound healing. The problem of fibre synthesis is still unsolved, despite many advances in electlon microscopy, histochemistory and X-ray analysis. In recent years it has been accepted that fibres are synthesized in extra-cellular space from cytoplasmic materials derived from either mesenchymal cells or fibroblasts, and from polysaccharides in ground substances, althoughth eexact kind of polysaccharides which plays an important role in this process is still unknown. 3) Many papers are recognized with the prevention and treament of adhesions. These may be devided into six groups according to the method suggested: a) limitation of the original peritoneal injury; b) prevention of the coagulation of the exudate; c) avoidance of prolonged contact between the injured surfaces; d) removal of the fibrin after its formation; e) stopping or slowing down of the proliferation of fibroblasts; f) prevention of further obstruction by means of controlling the area of damaged intestine in stepladder fashion, the so-called the plication method. 1. It is the common practice of surgeons to limit the original peritoneal lllJury by laparotomy. Experimental studies have demonstrated that peritonealization of an area denuded of serosa often results in more extensive adhesions. 2. To prevent coagulation of the exudate, Lehman and Boys and other investigators used heparin and dicumarol. The role of heparin in the prevention of adhesions may be summarized as follow: there is a short time interval separating the production of the exudate and its subsequent coagulation with the deposition of fibrin on injured serosal surfaces. Anticoagulants of various types should be effective in preventing this fibrin formation if it is assumed that the coagulation mechanism of both exudate and blood is the same. Though the use of heparin and dicumarol has demonstrated a preventive effect on adhesion formation in experimental animals, many surgeons believe that the risk of hemorrhage from heparin and dicumarol outweighs their possible benefit in the prevention of adhesions. 3. To prevent prolonged contact between injured surfaces, amnion, omental and mesothelial graft, and so on, have been used without success. The stimulation of peristalsis by means of prostigmin and early feeding, however, appears to be effective in the prevention of adhesions, although its use in clinical cases has not been reported. 4. The experimental data indicates that streptokinase alone has no preventive effect on the formation of adhesions, because fibrinolysis is facilitated only by the existence of activated human plasmin. Concernig the use of hyaluronidase, this is an enzyme with the property of hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid, one of the polysaccharides that constitutes the intercellular ground substances. Experimental studies on the use of this material indicate, in summary, that topically administered hyaluronidase reduces the number of adhesions and particularly their density. The reason why hyaluronidase is effective in the prevention of adhesions is still unknown. 5. The use of corticoids and ACTH, according to all available experimental data, appears to delay the formation of adhesions and to prevent talc-induced adhesions, possibly by increasing the absorption of talc. In administrating corticoids, however, their tendency to delay wound healing, to perforate the intestinal wall, and to induce hemorrhage must be taken into account. 6. Experimental study and clinical USe of the plication method demonstrate that in patients with severe recurrent adhesions, or in those for whom the afore-mentio ned methods have been ineffective, this procedure is probably the most effective therapy available. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学温泉研究所報告 |
| Published Date | 1963-01-25 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Start Page | 40 |
| End Page | 53 |
| ISSN | 0369-7142 |
| Related Url | http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/21336 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002310946 |
