result 47562 件
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41522 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_285_302.pdf |
| Author | Haruna, Shoji| |
| Abstract | This paper shows that the discussion of Lambertini and Rossini (1998) as to the strategic investment levels oflabour-managed firms in a labour-managed (LM) duopoly is misleading. This is due to the fact that there is no duality between the conditions for maximisation and minimisation, and what is worse, an equilibrium needed for comparison is interior when the investment behaviour of the firms is discussed along the conventional method. We reconsider whether they overinvest or underinvest in R&D, employing a more general model with R&D spillovers. It is demonstrated that results obtained in the LM duopoly are similar to those in a conventional duopoly of profit-maximising firms. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 285 |
| End Page | 302 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130035 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41521 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_277_283.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Herrero, Carmen| |
| Abstract | This note is to extend a well-known theorem due to Gale and Nikaido on the univalence of nonlinear mappings. Our approach is based on a simple elimination method of variables, and the key proposition used is the implicit function theorem. In terms of the condition on signs of principal minors, our result is more general than that of Gale and Nikaido since the sign of a minor can be positive or negative. Besides we require the sign condition only for the leading principal minors. On the other hand, the domain of mappings we can deal with has to be unbounded for all but one variable. In addition, the value of each principal minor must be in a finite range. Some remarks are given in the final section. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 277 |
| End Page | 283 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130034 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41520 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Return of Japanese Evacuees to Seattle |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_253_275.pdf |
| Author | Kurokawa, Katsutoshi| |
| Abstract | By the order of the United States Government, Japanese and Japanese Americans were removed from the Pacific Coast early in the World War II. When the victory of allies became not so far away, therefore, the return of evacuated people to their former homes turned up as the problem. Many groups began their activities for and against the return of Japanese and Japanese Americans to the Pacific States. The purpose of this note is to analyze the activities of some of these organizations, especially in Seattle. One of the organizations that helped the peaceful return of Japanese to Seattle was the Civic Unity Committee. It was established in February 1944 by Seattle Mayor William F. Devin to alleviate the racial tensions. The Seattle Times, which had supported the removal of Japanese from the Seattle early in the war, cooperated the CUC and helped the return of Japanese in its editorials and articles. The articles that emphasized the activities of Nisei soldiers who were fighting in Europe were especially effective. Some labor unions and councils that affiliated to the American Federation of Labor opposed to the return of Japanese to Seattle. The antagonistic campaign by the Teamsters, which was led by Dave Beck, was especially serious and harmful for the successful return of Japanese. The unions and councils that belonged to the Congress of Industrial Organizations, on the other hand, supported the return ofJapanese to the Pacific Coast. The International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, which was led by Harry Bridges, suspended the Stockton Unit of Local 6 when some leaders of the unit refused to work with returned Japanese. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 253 |
| End Page | 275 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 40000324671 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41519 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Ambiguity Incorporated into Marketing Activity |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_235_251.pdf |
| Author | Kuriki, Kei| |
| Abstract | From the beginning, marketing has been a convertor of social value systems. In this article, we investigate this feature of marketing. First we look back upon the appearance of Consumption Society. In 1920's Western countries were coverd with this new mode of consumption. At the same time, new-style sales activities came into existence. They were generically called marketing. Next, we attempt to grasp the relationship between these two simultaneous events. Marketing has a double relation to consumption. The principle of the marketing is paradoxical. Marketing is the activities that create objects to which the very activity should adapt. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 235 |
| End Page | 251 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130024 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41518 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Budgeting and Accounting for the Independent Administrative Corporations: Key Concepts and Issues |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_207_234.pdf |
| Author | Yamamoto, Kiyoshi| |
| Abstract | New semi-autonomus public bodies will be established in 2001. The bodies are called the Independent Administrative Corporations (IACs) which implement the public services in accordance with the middle term strategic plan. IACs have a discretionary power in allocating the operating fund into their operating activities, while the capital expenditures are basically regulated by their ministers in charge and the Finance Minister. Also their accountings adopt an accrual based standard. However, the finance guidelines for lACs have some significant problems. First, the financial behavior might be little affected through accrual accounting, since budgeting and allocation of resources are implemented in a cash based style as before. Second, their autonomy on operation would be largely restrained by the limitation in which they have not a mandate for capital expenditures; the quality of public services is influenced by capital expenditures or standards other than operating expenditures. In this regard, two possible alternatives in budgeting and accounting are indicated. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 207 |
| End Page | 234 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130023 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41517 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Chinese Society under Jiang Zemin's Regime Observed through Popular Jingles |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_177_205.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | In my previous works, I tried to analyze the various phases of the Chinese society through six hundred popular jingles or "minyao" under the regime of Deng Xiaoping, and also made it clear that the unprecedented boom of popular jingles was caused by the expansion of social contradictions and partial acquiescence of jingles critical of the regime. In this study, I refer to when and how often special articles on popular jingles appeared in the monthly magazines of Hong-Kong, and try to clarify the interrelation between the special articles and the changes in China's open policies. Then, I selected about thirty popular jingles which are interesting and impressive. They show some of the typical social phenomena in the latter half of 1990's. They indicate that the corruption among high government officials is prevailing and that the sexual morality of the whole society is also on the brink of a crisis. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 177 |
| End Page | 205 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130022 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41516 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_153_175.pdf |
| Author | Shimizu, Koichi| |
| Abstract | At the end of the 20th century, the Japanese automobile industry is suffering from the long depression of Japanese economy to such an extent that sorne of Japanese carmakers were not able to survive without cooperating with foreign powerful carmakers. Nissan has been in restructuring under the French managers dispatched by Renault. Suzuki and Isuzu began to reinforce their cooperation with GM, whereas Fuji Heavy Industry (Subaru) and Mitsubishi are searching for their Western partners. It is only Toyota and Honda that seem to be able to compete by themselves on globalized automobile markets. Irony of the history, because until the end of the 1980s all Japanese carmakers were regarded as the most competitive companies of the world by incarnating the 'Lean Production' model whose basic model is the Toyota Production System. This stereotype has to be dismissed, because they have been having neither the same management nor the same strategy. This paper then tries to show the history of Japanese automobile industry from its very beginning to mid-1990 when the majority of carmakers are facing a crisis. In doing so, it presents the specifie characteristics of Toyota by placing it in the historical perspective. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 153 |
| End Page | 175 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130033 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41515 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_133_151.pdf |
| Author | Satoh, Michimasa| |
| Abstract | The essence of the Statement of cash flows required by FASB's Statement of financial accounting standards No. 95 in 1987 is the cash basis statement of changes in a financial position, because it must show the reconciliation between net income and CFO (Cash flow from operations) in the main body or in the footnote of the statement. The year 1987 when the new basic financial statement appeared was the starting point from which the effort should be made to formulate new conceptual framework of financial accounting that accommodates three basic financial statements: the Balance sheet, Income statement, and the Statement of cash flows. However, little argument has been aroused toward this direction in the U. S. It is mainly because the traditional and conventional double entry bookkeeping system that is designed to prepare only the Balance sheet and the Income statements are deeply rooted to the conventional accounting philosophy. This system can be called "two dimensional accounting system", one dimension for the Balance sheet and another dimension for the Income statement. What we need now is to construct an accounting system that can produce all three basic financial statement at the same time. Such a system can be called "three dimensional double entry accounting system", and will be demonstrated in this paper. This 3 D accounting system can provide underlying basis for the Statement of cash flows as the basic financial statement, in terms of the system of accounts as well as the conceptual structure. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 133 |
| End Page | 151 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130032 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41514 |
|---|---|
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_113_132.pdf |
| Author | Takemura, Shosuke| |
| Abstract | Industrial policy has important effects on budget constraints of producer and consumer by changing relative prices among industrial sectors as well as regulation. I discussed some of the effects of budget constraint problems using policy decision line on my another paper. Experiences in some countries including Japan and U. S. tell us that some important industries particularly including semi-conductor industry have typical and interesting industrial problems and characters. In this paper I dare to study a few of theoretical explorations and some socio-economic facets. I use my several ideas and microeconomic tools necessary for analysis of industrial policy and regulation. Particularly I'd like to pay attention to two problems. They are information problem and interface problem. I called them so. The problems affect an innovational technology and a barrier of entry for enterprises and industries concerned. Also I'm going to discuss some industrial meanings using my new word "rivalry". This is a fatal word surpassing the classical and well-known one "competition". |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 113 |
| End Page | 132 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | English |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130031 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41513 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Regional Difference of "the Rate of School Attendance" and Reorganization of Community Life from 1880 to 1905 in Japan |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_085_111.pdf |
| Author | Tarnai, Yasuyuki| |
| Abstract | "The Rate of School Attendance" is different between in a rural area and in an urban area from 1880 to 1905 in Japan. And "the Rate School Attendance in the urban area is reduced to decrease relatively, because poor students are piled in an urban city. We can understand reorganization of the community by observing changing rates of school attendance. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 85 |
| End Page | 111 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130021 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41512 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | An Analysis of Gross Farm Household Income-1918-Shimane |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_057_083.pdf |
| Author | Kimura, Sumako| |
| Abstract | This paper aims to clarify the feature of the income of farms of Sanin district in 1910s. This is the premise work to clarify the whole structure of the farm household in those days. The crux of a matter exists in the difference of farmers' strata. The subject place of investigation is called kuroda-une, Ohba-son, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane-prefecture. The used materials is so-called Son-ze consisted of 25 farm households researched in 1918. The most income of the 25 farm households justly consists of self net agricultural income. That is gained by deducting the production cost and payable farm rents from gross agricultural income. Turning our attention to outer self agricultural income, this consists of mainly receivable farm rents and wages. Finally we get the disposable income by deducting the tax and repayable debt interest. We can conclude that there is a tremendous difference in disposable incomes among all farmers' strata. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 57 |
| End Page | 83 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130020 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41511 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Development of the Middle-Scale Landlord Management in Modern Japan - A Case Study ofTakato Family in Okayama Prefecture - |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_027_056.pdf |
| Author | Morimoto, Tatsuaki| |
| Abstract | In this paper, the author attempts to clarify the development of middle-scale landlords in modern Japan, taking the Takato family as a case study. The Takato's accumulation ofland proceeded from the 1880s to 1890s and they were in possession of 20 cho in the 1890s. The main_ sources of Takato's income were farm rents, and interest loans on the security of Somen Noodles. In the 1890s, new industries developed in Japan. Takato had invested their surplus funds in stocks and gained dividends. Ikuzo Takato established Kamogata-Warehouse Bank with some middle-scale landlords in July 2, 1896 and had selected head of this bank. Then he borrowed money from the bank to invest in stocks. By the effective management, his profits increased. So, the investment in stocks soon exceeded the investment in land. Therefore, the income from dividends increased gradually in the early 1900s. Takato was elected as a member of the prefectural assembly from 1899 to 1911, and took the chair from 1907 to 1909. Further, he was a member of the House of Representatives from 1917 to 1920. During this period he had been to Korea as part of an inspection party. As a result of this experience, upon his return to Okayama, he and the other member formed a group to purchase land in Korea. Takato had continued to purchase land in Malaya and New York. The Takato family succeeded in accumulating property through such diversified management. Other middle-scale landlords failed in their business, and disposed of their land. It can be summarized as follows: many middle-scale landlords attempted to make different styles of diversified management of land, stocks, bank and other enterprises during the time of the Japanese Industrial Revolution. Consequently, some succeeded whereas others failed. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 27 |
| End Page | 56 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130019 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41510 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | On the Stratification of Urban Residents and the Socio-Economic Position of the Commercial and Industrial Traders in Sakata, Yamagata Prefecture, in the Later Meiji Era |
| FullText URL | oer_031_4_001_026.pdf |
| Author | Kasai, Yamato| |
| Abstract | Taking all things into consideration as to the materials of occupation, tax, income and holdings of the tenant land, it is possible to perceive several strata of society in Sakata. Namely, the most upper stratum consists of a few who earn very large income from the tenant land and interests. The second stratum consists of many commercial and industrial traders and others who earn income from the tenant land is often larger than trade. The third stratum consists of a large number of traders and others who their mean derives more or less from income of the tenant land. The next stratum consists of a great number oftraders in very small business and others. The lowest stratum consists of a great many residents with no sure means ofliving, and forms the base ofthe stratified and pyramidal organization. In the later Meiji Era, Sakata was already not a city which was simply composed ofthe income of trades, but the city that depends chiefly on enormous wealth from the tenant land and interests. Sakata turned from a commercial city to a so-called parastic city. This was the important point that could recover from the destructive earthquake of 1894, and could fend off severe blows on the transit business of Sakata owing to the construction of railroad from 1899. The nature of parastic moneymaking, the higher of strata he is, the more he depends, took simultaneously upon itself the responsibility to check the development of Sakata. The nature of Sakata as a city is focused on the fact that the accumulated vast capital doesn't apply toward the industrial capital and the social capital. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 2000-03-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue4 |
| Start Page | 1 |
| End Page | 26 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 110000130018 |
| Author | Okawa, Atsushi| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Content Type | Article |
| Author | Aibara, Katsuma| |
|---|---|
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Content Type | Article |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41507 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | 'Natural' Sorting in LZH-Files |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_255_264.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 255 |
| End Page | 264 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695987 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41506 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Development of the Rushen Matting Industry in the Meiji Era |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_221_253.pdf |
| Author | Kandatsu, Haruki| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 221 |
| End Page | 253 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695986 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41505 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Imari - Porzellan und Frühes Meißner Porzellan (4) |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_195_220.pdf |
| Author | Matsuo, Nobushige| |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 195 |
| End Page | 220 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695985 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41504 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | The Chinese Society Observed through Abbreviations with Numerals - from BANYUETAN in 1999 - |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_173_194.pdf |
| Author | Oka, Masumi| |
| Abstract | Abbreviations involving numerals occupy only 10 to 20% of all abbreviated words. This is why no preceding studies focused on abbreviations with numerals have been made. A series of studies by Oka, Oka [1998a, 1998b, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 1999d], already revealed their features. In this study, I will clarify, through abbreviations with numerals, the phase of Chinese society in 1999. When President Lee Teng-hui expressed his opinion on China in his book published in May, 1999 that China should be divided into seven states, Beijing got angry and started to attack his "qi kuai lun" or "sevenstate theory". In July President Lee also made public his provocative theory that the relationships between Taiwan and Mainland are "state-to-state". This again invited rage among the leaders of China, because they believe that. Taiwan is indivisible part of China's territory. Beijing severely criticizes Lee's idea as "liang guo lun" or a "two-state theory". A newly created abbreviation, "san bian" (three at the same time) for example, shows us that corner-cutting and sloppy construction is prevailing all over the country. An increasing number of lay-off workers from state enterprises became a great social problem, and many retraining service centers have been opened, and they offer "yi san yi" (one-three-one) services to help jobless people get employed with new skills. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 173 |
| End Page | 194 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695984 |
| JaLCDOI | 10.18926/OER/41503 |
|---|---|
| Title Alternative | Nonlinear Generalizations of Tucker's Theorem on Inequality Systems |
| FullText URL | oer_031_3_163_171.pdf |
| Author | Fujimoto, Takao| Ishiyama, Ken-ichi| |
| Abstract | This note is to prove Tucker's theorem on linear inequalities based on the proof method of minimax theorems which uses Kakutani's fixed point theorem. One device is necessary to convert the minimax theorems to Tucker's formulation. This is a slight restriction on the image sets when creating a set-valued map. We also present nonlinear generalizations of Tucker's theorem employing the same method. All we need is that the set of variable values for which an objective function attains its maximum is convex. This objective function is a convex combination of functions. We also present a proof of the fact that a local characterization of inequality systems, when a given mapping is differentiable, can be made global provided the mapping is concave. |
| Publication Title | 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 |
| Published Date | 1999-12-10 |
| Volume | volume31 |
| Issue | issue3 |
| Start Page | 163 |
| End Page | 171 |
| ISSN | 0386-3069 |
| language | Japanese |
| File Version | publisher |
| NAID | 120002695983 |
