JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/56190
Title Alternative Interdisciplinary class for high school students on the climate environment around Japan and "seasonal feeling" expressed in the school songs with attention to the asymmetric seasonal march from autumn to the next spring
FullText URL esr_024_1_005_018.pdf
Author Kato, Kuranoshin| Kato, Haruko| Miyake, Shoji| Mori, Taizo|
Abstract This study is a part of the activity to develop an interdisciplinary lesson plan for high school students on the climate environment around Japan and the "seasonal feeling". This time, we focused our attention to the asymmetric seasonal march from autumn to the next spring as proposed by Kato et al. (2013). Comparison of the climate between early winter and early spring was made in the class not only on that around the Japan but also on the relation to the larger-scale systems such as the Siberian air mass, including the brief data analysis. The students also compared the detailed "seasonal feeling" between the two seasons expressed in the school songs and the Japanese classic poems called "Wa-Ka". This paper reports the contents and results of this joint activity at the two high schools.
Keywords Interdisciplinary activity on climate and cultural understanding education Climate environment around Japan Seasonal cycle and "seasonal feeling" Asymmetric seasonal march from autumn to the next spring ESD
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2017-12-27
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 5
End Page 18
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2017 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/52167
Title Alternative Preliminary analyses on the climatological features of precipitation characteristics and large-scale atmospheric fields on the heavy rainfall days in the eastern part of Japan during the mature stage of the Baiu season
FullText URL esr_020_1_025_034.pdf
Author Matsumoto, Kengo| Kato, Kuranoshin| Otani, Kazuo|
Abstract Rainfall characteristics and large-scale atmospheric fields on the “heavy rainfall days” (with more than 50 mm/day) in the mature stage of the Baiu season (16 June ~ 15 July) at Tokyo in the eastern part of the Japan Islands were examined, based on the daily and the hourly precipitation data from 1971 to 2010. Appearance frequency of the “heavy rainfall days” at Tokyo attained only about 1/3 of that at Nagasaki in the western Japan. Furthermore, it is noted that about half of the “heavy rainfall days” at Tokyo were related to the typhoon. In detail, about half of the typhoon cases were associated with the direct approach of a typhoon (referred to as Pattern A, hereafter), the other half corresponded to the situation when the Baiu front also stagnated around Kanto District with a typhoon to the southwest of Kanto (Pattern B). Although the contribution of the intense rainfall with more than 10 mm/h to the total precipitation was large in Pattern A, that with less than 10 mm/h was dominant in Patterns B and C (Pattern C: meso-α-scale cyclone on the Baiu front approaching to the Kanto District). It is noted that about half of the “heavy rainfall days” corresponded to these pattern. In other words, unlike the localized torrential rain in western Japan, the “heavy rainfall days” due to the duration of “not-so-intense-rain” appeared rather frequently in the eastern part of Japan even in the Baiu season. In both Patterns B and C, relatively strong low-level southerly wind associated with the disturbance (a typhoon or a meso-α-scale cyclone) invades into the baroclinic zone in the basic field sustained as the sowthwestern edge of the cool Okhotsk air mass. It is interesting that the “heavy rainfall days” there due to the contribution of the persistent “not-so-intense-rain” occur just in such situation.
Keywords rainfall characteristics in eastern Japan heavy rainfall in eastern Japan in Baiu season rainfall climatology
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2013-12-27
Volume volume20
Issue issue1
Start Page 25
End Page 34
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2013 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120005394595
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/52166
Title Alternative A case study on the rainfall distribution over the Japan Islands associated with the approach of Ty0423 in late October (Comparison with that for Ty0418)
FullText URL esr_020_1_013_024_rev.pdf
Author Satake, Ai| Kato, Kuranoshin| Mori, Yoshinori| Goda, Yasuhiro| Ikeda, Shoichiro| Tsukamoto, Osamu|
Abstract Rainfall distribution in the Japan Islands associated with the approach of Typhoon No.23 around 20 October 2004 (referred to Ty0423, hereafter) showed considerably different features from those in late summer of this year. The present study examined the detailed rainfall features around the Japan Islands brought by Ty0423 and the atmospheric processes based on the operational observation data by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), comparing with those in association with Ty0418 around 7 September 2004. During the stage when Ty0423 was approaching or landing on the western part of the Japan Islands, the areal mean precipitation from Kyushu to Kanto District attained much larger than that for Ty0418, with wider extension of the area with the large amount of precipitation. It is interesting that, although the intense rainfall was observed only at the upstream side of the mountain range from Kyushu to Honshu District for Ty0418 except for the area near its center, strong rainfall with 10~30 mm/h persisted in wider regions from the western to the eastern part of the Japan Islands, resulting in the considerably large total rainfall for Ty0423. As for the case for Ty0423, the surface front with stable frontal surface was located just to the east of the Ty0423 center just before its landing at the Japan Islands. Thus, the huge moisture inflow mainly in the eastern region from the typhoon center seems to be redistributed widely over the Japan Islands area associated with the large-scale convergence around the stable frontal surface. In late October, the colder air associated with the high pressure system in the eastern Siberia can cover the northern part of the Japan Sea area as the seasonal march. Such basic field might be favorable for sustaining the synoptic-scale front just around the southern coast of the Japan Islands, even when the strong southerly wind invades associated with the typhoon approach there.
Keywords Ty0423 Ty0418 rainfall in Japan associated with a typhoon in mid-autumn effects of a typhoon on the synoptic climatology in Japan in October
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2013-12-27
Volume volume20
Issue issue1
Start Page 13
End Page 24
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2013 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120005394594
FullText URL esr_027_cover_j.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_027_colophon.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/61959
Title Alternative Estimation of displacement waveforms by baseline correction of near-fault acceleration records of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake with median filter
FullText URL esr_027_039_050.pdf
Author Watanabe, Tomotsugu| Komatsu, Masanao| Takenaka, Hiroshi|
Abstract The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence occurred on April 14 (MJMA 6.5) and April 16 (MJMA 7.3). Seismic intensity of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) scale was observed in Mashiki Town, Kumamoto Prefecture for the both events and in Nishihara Village, Kumamoto Prefecture for the April-16 event. We estimate the displacement waveforms from these acceleration records. Since the acceleration seismograms include the long-period noise due to tilting of the ground and instrumental effects, the baseline corrections are required to derive the accurate velocity and displacement waveforms. We apply a median filter to the velocity waveforms to identify the linear trends on them due to the steplike noise on the acceleration records, and determine the time at which baseline shifts take place and the step value of each shift for the baseline correction through trial and error. Our baseline correction can successfully reconstruct the velocity and displacement waveforms from the acceleration records. The displacement waveforms show the static components consistent with the geodetic data.
Keywords 2016 Kumamoto earthquake baseline correction median filter displacement
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
Start Page 39
End Page 50
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120007037380
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/61956
Title Alternative Synthetic nearfield seismograms at a subsurface position in a horizontally layered half-space
FullText URL esr_027_029_038.pdf
Author Takenaka, Hiroshi| Watanabe, Tomotsugu|
Abstract We extend the computational code of Takenaka and Sasatani (2000) for synthetic nearfield seismograms for horizontally layered elastic media, based on the reflection/transmission matrices and the discrete wavenumber summation method, to calculate seismic motion and its spatial derivatives at a subsurface position in the attenuative media. In this paper we describe the theory of this extension and show some numerical examples to verify the extended code.
Keywords synthetic seismogram reflectivity method layered half-space
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
Start Page 29
End Page 38
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120007037377
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/61955
Title Alternative The Kibi Plateau Surface ― relationship with the Paleogene and Miocene deposits in middle western part of Okayama Prefecture, Japan ―
FullText URL esr_027_019_027.pdf
Author Tanaka, Hajime | Suzuki, Shigeyuki|
Abstract The Kibi Plateau Surface is associated with the Paleogene gravel river bed deposits of the Kibi Group and the Miocene marine deposits of the Katsuta Group and the Bihoku Group. These Paleogene and Miocene units are valley fill deposits. The Kibi Group is composed of formations which is deposited by more than 7 different depositional events during earliest to latest Paleogene Period. Repeated cycles of “erosion - formation of new valley system - deposition and fill up the valley” created the low relief topographic surface. The deposition of the Miocene deposits might complete the Kibi Plateau Surface. Detailed field works have done in middle western part of Okayama Prefecture. The Kibi Plateau Surface in study area is gently dipping from NW (about 600m high) to SE (about 100m high). The distributions of the Paleogene and Miocene deposits fit the surface. At the southern margin of the Kibi Plateau, the surface is a little inclined (from 400m high to 100m high) where the bottom of paleo-valleys of the Paleogene deposits are subparallel to the surface. It suggests that the gentle tilting of the Kibi Plateau is caused by an up-warping.
Keywords Kibi Plateau Surface Paleogene Neogene Miocene
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
Start Page 19
End Page 27
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120007037376
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/61954
Title Alternative For development of an ESD-based teacher training program on climate change : overlooking geo-phenomena on various timescales
FullText URL esr_027_001_017.pdf
Author Kato, Yuji| Kato, Kuranoshin|
Abstract Since the recent climate change is an important topic in the context of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and ESD (Education for Sustainable Development), teacher training course should produce educators with sufficient geo-literacy. In order to meet this requirement, the authors have designed a study plan that facilitates students’ better understanding of current climate change issues, which will be offered in a lecture at university by two speakers who have different specialties, paleoenvironmental science and meteorology. Summary of the lecture is as follows. At first, from the branch of paleoenvironmental science, a major cooling event at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary will be explained. We will then instruct the participants to compare these climatic events with recent global warming, in order to remind them of the extraordinary higher speed of the recent climate change than climatic events in the geological past. Followed by these global topics, climatological features in East Asia including Japan (e.g. regional/seasonal difference in climate and year-to-year variations) will be demonstrated in order to relate local issues to global ones. By these efforts, the lecture aims to cultivate students’ ability to grasp geophenomena from various aspects and understand the true nature of problems, which may contribute producing educators who can execute ESD programs.
Keywords time scales geologic events paleoenvironmental science meteorology and climatology global warming ESD SDGs
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
Start Page 1
End Page 17
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
NAID 120007037387
FullText URL esr_027_titlepage.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language English
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_027_cover.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2021-03-31
Volume volume27
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language English
Copyright Holders © 2021 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_026_cover_j.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_026_colophon.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR58577
Title Alternative Synoptic climatological analyses of daily precipitation features and atmospheric fields in warm season relating to the precipitation difference between Kochi and Okayama characterizing the Seto Inland Sea Climate in Japan
FullText URL esr_026_037_049.pdf
Author Kato, Kuranoshin| SUGIMURA, Yuki| MATSUMOTO, Kengo|
Abstract In order to re-examine the formation process of the climatological precipitation difference between Kochi (Pacific side of Shikoku District) and Okayama (Seto Inland Sea side) characterizing the Seto Island Sea Climate in warm season, synoptic climatological analyses of the daily precipitation features and atmospheric fields were performed for the warm season (April to September) of 1985 - 2015, based on the daily and hourly precipitation data and weather maps by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data. The large climatological difference of precipitation at Kochi from that at Okayama throughout the warm season was greatly contributed to by the days with the precipitation difference between Kochi and Okayama (ΔPR) with greater equal to 30 mm/day. In addition, such large daily ΔPR was mainly due to the intense rainfall at Kochi with greater equal to 10mm/h throughout the warm season, except for a part of the cases in April when the “not so intense rain” with less than 10mm/h at Kochi contributed to the large ΔPR. However, it is noted that the features of the synoptic-scale atmospheric fields and possible roles of the mountain ranges in Shikoku District causing the large ΔPR were rather different among August (midsummer), September (Autumn rainfall season) and April (Spring) .
Keywords Daily precipitation climatology Climate around Japan Seto Inland Sea Climate in Japan Synoptic climatology
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
Start Page 37
End Page 49
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/58576
Title Alternative Interdisciplinary ESD lesson study for the university students with attention to the difference of climate and seasonal feeling in “summer” among Germany, northern Europe and Japan
FullText URL esr_026_026_036.pdf
Author KATO, Kuranoshin| KATO, Haruko| OTANI, Kazuo| MATSUMOTO, Kengo|
Abstract Climatological features and seasonal feeling in the season called by the same word such as “summer”would be rather different from region to region. Comparison of these features among the different regions, including the regions which are not so familiar to the students, would help to promote their fundamental ESD literacy, especially relating to the “Understanding of heterogeneous others”. Based on that concept, this paper will report an interdisciplinary lesson study for the university students on a theme how different the summertime climate and seasonal feeling among Germany, northern Europe and Japan are. In this study, the lesson practice was made in 2015 and 2018. In both classes, after the lecture on the summertime climate and seasonal feeling in these regions, the students created substitute songs with use of the melody of “Alles neu macht der Mai” (“The May makes all things new”, the same melody as a Japanese school song “Butterfly”) for the comparison between Germany and Japan. As for that between northern Europe, the melody of a Japanese school song “Furu-Sato” (“My country home”) was used for the creation of the substitute songs. It is noted that, not only the seasonal mean temperature or solar radiation condition, but also the features in association with the large day-to-day temperature variation was strongly reflected in the students’ works.
Keywords Interdisciplinary collaboration between climate and cultural understanding education ESD Comparative climatology Regional difference of summer climate
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
Start Page 25
End Page 36
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/58575
Title Alternative Schistose fault related rocks from the Sangun Metamorphic Rocks, Kawakita area, Misaki Town, Okayama Prefecture, SW Japan
FullText URL esr_026_019_024.pdf
Author MATSUSHITA, Mirei| SUZUKI, Shigeyuki|
Abstract The crystalline schist which is representatively exposed in the Innerside of Southwest Japan is called the Sangun Metamorphic Rocks (SMR). In Kawakita area, Misaki Town, Okayama Prefecture, schistose fault rocks which is newly described in below are intercalated in the SMR. The rocks are composed of lenticular fragments of pelitic, basic siliceous rocks and quartz vein with siliceous to pelitic matrix. The fine-grained muscovites which define schistosity penetrate the rocks. Major direction of layer which though to reflect slip plane is subparallel to the schistosity. The long axis of some fragments are slightly oblique to the schistosity. The combination of the two sets of planes is considered to be a composite planar fabric. These occurrences suggest that the rocks are fault rock before the Sangun Metamorphism and named as schistose fault rocks. Lenses of cataclasite and myronite are accompanied. Planar thin (about 10cm in thickness) brittle fault rock is also associated. These shear deformed rocks form units of layer (shear zone) of 10 to 100m in thickness, and are concordantly intercalated in the surrounded normal schists. Active periods of the shear zones had several times from before and after the event of the Sangun Metamorphism.
Keywords Sangun Metamorphic Rocks regional metamorphism shear deformation schistose fault rock
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
Start Page 19
End Page 24
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
JaLCDOI 10.18926/ESR/58574
Title Alternative Computation of non-linear site response by the time-domain finite-difference method
FullText URL esr_026_001_017.pdf
Author TORIGOE, Yusuke| KOMATSU, Masanao| TAKENAKA, Hiroshi|
Abstract We have developed a time-domain staggered-grid finite-difference code for modeling non-linear response of a one-dimensionally inhomogeneous subsurface structure to a SH plane-wave incidence. It employs the velocity-stress formulation of elastodynamic equation for the linear part, and adopts a elastoplastic rheology model for the non-linear relation between the stress and strain. In this paper, we apply this code to four constitutive models from linear-elastic to nonlinear: (1) linear elastic model, (2) linear viscoelastic model, (3) elastoplastic model, and (4) viscoelastoplastic model, which simulate shallow sand and clay structures and are vibrated by a vertically incident SH plane-wave of Ricker wavelet, to compare the linear and the non-linear soil behaviors including low strains damping (viscoelastic effect) and/or hysteretic attenuation (non-linear effect). We also apply it to a local strong-motion record of the 2000 Western-Tottori earthquake (MW6.8). We then simulate characteristics of non-linear site response such as reduction of the spectral amplitude in the high frequency band and shift of the peak frequencies to lower frequencies.
Keywords finite-difference method non-linear site response strong motion
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
Start Page 1
End Page 17
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_026_titlepage.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language English
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_026_cover.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2019-12-27
Volume volume26
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language English
Copyright Holders © 2019 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher
FullText URL esr_025_contents.pdf
Publication Title Okayama University Earth Science Report
Published Date 2018-12-27
Volume volume25
Issue issue1
ISSN 1340-7414
language Japanese
Copyright Holders © 2018 by Okayama University Earth Science Reports Editorial Committee All Rights Reserved
File Version publisher