Differential Diagnoses and Management Approaches for Gastric Polyposis

Multiple gastric polyps are observed in various polyposis syndromes and conditions associated with polypoid lesion development in the stomach. Polyposis syndromes often occur concurrently with specific malignant tumors and can manifest at any point in an individual's lifespan, thus explaining the diversity in surveillance methods. Furthermore, genetic counseling and surveillance are essential not only for the patients themselves but also for their blood relatives. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis and appropriate surveillance of multiple gastric polyps are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review aims to provide essential information on such lesions along with representative endoscopic images of familial adenomatous polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach, neuroendocrine tumors in autoimmune gastritis, proton pump inhibitor-related gastric mucosal changes, and multiple submucosal heterotopic glands. We wish for this review to serve as a valuable resource for endoscopists seeking to deepen their comprehension of gastric polyposis.