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The precise distribution of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in 23 discrete brain nuclei and areas of Wistar strain male rats was determined by specific radioimmunoassay. TRH was detected in most of these areas. The highest concentration was found in the median eminence (27.52 +/- 2.84 ng/mg protein). The arcuate nucleus (4.92 +/- 0.58 ng/mg protein), dorsomedial nucleus (4.77 +/- 0.59 ng/mg protein) and medial preoptic area (3.94 +/- 0.15 ng/mg protein) also contained a considerable concentration of TRH. However, no TRH was detected in cerebral cortex, cerebellar hemisphere, anterior pituitary or pineal body. The data indicated that TRH was widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus; in particular, high concentrations occure in relatively restricted areas: in the median eminence, arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and medial preoptic area. These areas coincide well with the so-called "thyrotropic" area of the hypothalamus.

<p>The levels of HDL-cholesterol and gamma-glutamyltransferase in the sera of 17 patients with alcoholic liver injury were followed after abstinence and compared with those of 11 patients with acute non-alcoholic hepatitis. The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase decreased in all cases irrespective of the type of liver injuries. The level of HDL-cholesterol also decreased in 11 of 17 cases with alcoholic liver injury. The other alcoholics, in whom HDL-cholesterol level increased or showed no definite change after withdrawal of alcohol, had severe and advanced liver injuries. In non-alcoholic hepatitis, the HDL-cholesterol level increased as normal liver functions were restored except for one case with cholestatic features. It was concluded that alcohol intake can increase HDL-cholesterol level even in the presence of a concomitantly induced hepatic lesion.</p>

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid treatment for sudden deafness was studied in detail. The results of treatment with tranexamic acid administration in 19 cases (25 ears) of sudden deafness and two historical control groups using various treatments were compared by the chi square contingency test. The data suggested that tranexamic acid treatment may be superior to traditional treatments especially if treatment is begun early. Among ears treated with tranexamic acid, 11 ears (44%) were healed or recovered remarkably, 8 ears (32%) recovered slightly and 6 ears (24%) were unchanged or worsened. Fibrinolysis in the inner ear may be the pathophysiology of sudden deafness. Treatment with tranexamic acid starting within 4 days after onset of symptoms was most effective in patients whose initial audiogram was flat or concave, initial average hearing loss at 5 frequencies (250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz) was between 23 dB and 76 dB (mean; 45.1 dB) and was not accompanied by dizziness.

<P>A 73-year-old man with a left testicular tumor is presented. Orchiectomy was performed and the tumor was diagnosed as a plasmacytoma. There has been no bone lesion or immunoglobulin abnormality during a follow-up period more than one year. For several reasons, the tumor was regarded as a primary plasmacytoma of the testicle. The literature concerning testicular plasmacytoma is reviewed briefly.

The three-dimensional architecture of the collagen framework of human lumbar intervertebral discs was studied with scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy concentrating on the fibrillar interconnection between the intervertebral disc and the vertebral bodies. The fibrillar framework of the annulus fibrosus and the cartilage end-plates encircled the nucleus pulposus as a closed-pack system in the adult. This closed-pack system developed in the seventh embryonic month and was completed by the tenth month. In general, fibrils composing the framework in the fetus were thinner than in the adult. There was no fibrillar interconnection between the cartilage end-plate and subchondral bone. In the inner one-third of the annulus, obliquely oriented fibrillar lamellae interconnected with the cartilage end-plate. In the outer two-thirds, the fibrillar bundles of the lamellae were firmly anchored into the vertebral bodies. This fibrillar anchoring system was already present in the full-term fetus although the vertebral rim was not ossified.

Twelve patients with refractory acute leukemia (7 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia and 5 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia) were treated with a new anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A (ACM). ACM was administrated by intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 20 mg/day for 7 or 14 days and this was repeated after at least 7 days. Four of 12 patients (33.3%) achieved a complete remission; 3 of 7 acute myelocytic leukemia (42.8%) and 1 of 5 acute lymphocytic leukemia (20.0%). The days required for achieving the complete remission ranged from 23 to 78 days (median: 61) and the total doses of ACM used from 180 to 500 mg (median: 310), and the durations of complete remission from 11 to 28+ weeks (median: 21+). The untoward effects on digestive organs, such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia, and hematological toxicities were frequently seen; however, they were controlled by supportive treatment. Alopecia was not observed. Arrythmia was recognized in one patient at the initiation of ACM infusion with complete remission without withdrawal of ACM. These results suggest that ACM is a potentially effective anthracycline antibiotic in the clinical management of acute leukemia.

A rare case of bilateral fat necrosis of the breast is reported. The patient was a 50-year-old unmarried woman having no history of trauma, disease or surgery of the breast. In the bilateral breasts, ill-defined, firm masses with skin retraction were noted. Bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed clinically. However, both lesions showed histologically chronic granulomatous inflammation with foci of fatty necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, lipid containing foamy cells, foreign body giant cells engurfing choresterol-crystals, and calcification. "Paraffinoma" was thus suspected, but there was no history of cosmetic mammoplasty and histochemical studies failed to demonstrate saturated lipid indicating paraffin or other mineral oils

For the detection and characterization of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in various liver diseases, a Clq binding test was used. Though the CIC level was almost normal in HB surface antigen (HBsAg) positive asymptomatic carriers, the level increased in patients with liver diseases. During acute exacerbation of chronic viral hepatitis, the CIC level reached peaks 1 to 3 weeks before and after the hepatic cell necrosis. Study of the sedimentation rates of CIC in various liver diseases showed CIC in the 19s-22s region and in the 7s-19s region. In acid buffer, CIC was dissociated into 5 to 6 components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In one case of HBsAg positive severe chronic aggressive hepatitis, CIC was composed of HBsAg, IgG and another three or four undetermined components. During acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, minor changes of these dissociation patterns of CIC were observed.

The effects of changes in distal resistance on stenotic resistance were studied in vitro. Physiological saline was passed through the left carotid artery obtained from the dog, flexible rubber tubing, or through solid polyethylene tubing with a constant perfusion pressure or with a constant flow rate. Various stenotic resistances were established using a screw type constrictor and the distal resistance was varied by allowing physiological saline to pass through either a 23 gauge hypodermic needle (high peripheral resistance) or 23 and 20 gauge needles (low peripheral resistance ). For arteries with anatomically fixed stenosis, the calculated resistance was increased in association with reduction of the distal resistance. The stenotic resistance in the flexible rubber tubing changed in the same manner as that of the carotid artery, while the solid polyethylene tubing showed no significant stenotic resistance changes due to altering the distal resistance. These findings suggest that the stenotic resistance change of the artery correlates with the elasticity of the vessel wall and also indicate that resistance values were of little usefulness for evaluating the effects of vasodilating stimuli on the vessel segment with a significant stenosis.

Ultrastructural and histochemical changes of experimental vasospasm were studied in 46 cats. Prolonged vasospasm of the exposed basilar artery was produced by continuous irrigation with serotonin. Vasospasm, lasting for less than 10h was relieved by topical application of vasodilators. However, the spasm which continued for more than 10h failed to respond to vasodilators. In the vessels responsive to vasodilators, the electron density of the aggregation of granules and vesicles in the extracellular space of the media revealed by electron microscopy remained unchanged after treatment with 5-hydroxydopamine, while the electron density of the vesicles in adrenergic terminals was increased. The granules and vesicles morphologically resembled the adrenergic vesicles but were biochemically different from them. Necrotic fhanges of the vessel wall such as the fragmentation of myofilaments were observed in the vessels unresponsive to vasodilators. The potassium pyroanitimonate staining technique revealed fine deposits with-in the nucleus, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and along sarcolemma in normal vesels. The deposits were shown to contain calcium by X-ray microanalysis and EGTA-chelation. The deposits along the sarcolemma decreased in number in the lanthanum-loaded vessels, and most of them were confirmed to reside on the outer surface of sarcolemma. The calcium deposits increased somewhat in number in the sarcoplasm of spastic vessels responsive to vasodilators, but the deposits along the sarcolemma remained unchanged. The most characteristic change was that calcium along the sarcolemma had disappeared in the spastic vessels unresponsive to vasodilators.

Chromosome analysis was performed on cells obtained from the pleural effusion of a Japanese patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. Two modal chromosomal numbers were found: 45 and 46. Five different karyotypes were present, all having a t (8q-;14q+) translocation. This case illustrates that Burkitt's lymphomas of Japanese are no exception to the frequent association of this chromosomal abnormality with Burkitt's lymphomas.

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with copper-lactate daily for over 160 days (total dose of 30 mg copper in each animal). At 120 to 160 days of copper administration, animals developed symptoms similar to those of Wilson's disease, i.e., kidney functional disturbances, proteinuria, aminoaciduria, decreased blood ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and increased urinary copper excretion. Cirrhosis was found in some animals. Tubular necrosis of the kidneys, liver fibrosis and tigrolysis of thalamic nerve cells were also found. Copper depositions were observed in liver parenchymal cells, renal tubular epithels, thalamus glia cells and on the Descemet's membrane of the cornea. The similarities between induced copper- intoxication in rats and Wilson's disease are discussed.

Analysis of the chromosomes of a cloned human hepato-blastoma cell line, HUH-6-clone 5 by Q-, G- and C-banding revealed numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. The modal number of chromosomes was 49. Trisomies #12 and 20 were present in most of the cells, and 8q isochromosome was detected in all of the cells analyzed. High levels of alpha-fetoprotein production by this cell strain were also demonstrated.

Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (IgG) in normal human epidermis was defined by a peroxidase-labeled antibody method. A correlation between cytoplasmic staining and the serum level of IgG was found. Epidermal cells containing IgG were not present when the serum level of IgG was less than 1000 microgram/ml.

A transplantable plasma cell leukemia cell line, designated as S27, was established from a 12-month-old female New Zealand Black mouse (NZB); serum showed polyclonal elevation of gamma globulin with agarose-agar gel electrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the serum showed precipitation lines in the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgM regions. The amount of serum immunoglobulin increased rapidly with tumor growth. S27 cells proliferating in the spleen contained simultaneously IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b in the cytoplasm as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. Membrane immunofluorescence revealed IgG1 on the tumor cell surface. S27 cells were transplantable to syngeneic NZB mice with inoculation of spleen cell suspension, and showed the same histological and immunological findings as those of the original mouse. These findings imply that a single clone of plasma cells has the capacity to produce more than one class of immunoglobulin.

The effect of glucosamine on phenotypic mixing between vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and avian sarcoma virus (ASV) was studied. Phenotypic mixing decreased with increase in glucosamine concentration, and, in the presence of 20 mM glucosamine, was no longer detectable. In the presence of 20 mM glucosamine, cells still produced 10(2)--10(3) focus forming units (FFU) of ASV and 10(6) plaque forming units (PFU) of VSV per milliliter. These results suggest that cells producing a relatively large amount of ASV (more than 10(3) FFU/ml) are essential for phenotypic mixing of VSV with ASV.

Sixty-four patients with confirmed bronchial asthma were treated with HC 20-511 (Ketotifen). HC20-511 was evaluated to be very effective in 6.3%, effective in 50.0% and slightly effective in 10.9% of these patients. The appearance of reactive basophils was inhibited by HC 20-511 in 5 out of 6 cases of reaction to house dust, in all three cases with buckwheat allergy to their allergen and in 7 out of 11 cases to anti-IgE. These results confirm that HC 20-511 inhibits type I allergic reactions induced by specific allergen and IgE.