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1. Bei der aktiven und passiven Immunisierung des trachtigen Kaninchens kann das Prazipitin der Mutter durch die plazenale Scheidewand auf den Fotus in passiver Weise ubertragen werden. 2. Die Prazipitintiter der Jungen sind im allgemeinen 1/2 bis 1/16 der mutterlichen. 3. Die Juntgen des gleichen Wurfes besitzen einen gleich hohen Titer. 4. Bei passiver Immunisierung der Mutter kann der diaplazentale Ubergang noch nicht in der 6., sondern erst in der 12. Stunde nach der passiven Immunisierung nachgewiesen werden. 5. Der Ubertgang von Prazipitin durch Saugung von passiv immunisierter Mutter auf den Saugling ist in den ersten 3 bis 4 Tage nach der Geburt nur in sehr gerintgem Grade nachweisbar. Zum Schlusse mochte ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Ogata fur seine freundliche Hilfeleistung wahrend der Ausfuhrung meiner Untersuchung meinen besten Dank aussprechen.

Das Gangion basale opticum ist als die Ursprungsstelle der Guddenschen Kommissur anzusehen. Ihre Fasern gehen auf die andere Seite uber und endigen hauptsachlich in der kaudalen Partie des Pulvinars und in der oralen Partie des Stratum briseunl intermediale des C. q. a. Ausserdem ist es wahrscheinlich, dass eine geringe Anzahl von Kommissurfasern in dem dorsalen Kerne des C. g. m., im C. Luysi und im Nucl. vent. des C. g. e. endigt. Zum Schlusse mochte ich Herrn Prof. Dr. K Kosaka fur seine freundliche Leitung und Anreguug im Verlnufe dieser Arbeit meinen verbindlichsten Dank aussprechen.

Aus dem Gesagten ergibt sich folgendes : 1) Nach Darreichung einer kleinen Menge von KBr kommt beim Kaninchen der Golgische Apparat der Leberzellen in Gestalt sehr zahlreicher feiner stabchen- oder fadenformiger Elemente zum Vorschein. Diese finden sich am dichtesten an den Gallenkapillaren und sind dort besonders fein, sodass man den Eindruck hat, als ob sie in feinere Kornchen zerfallen und in die Gallenkapillaren eindringen. Wenn man aber eine grossere Dosis des Mlittels gebraucht, so nehmen die Kornchen an Zahl ab, an Grbsse aber zu. Dabei ist ihre innige Beziehung zu den Gallenkapillaren nicht mehr erkennbar. Endlich verschwinden sie bei der hochgradigen Beschadigung der Zellfunktion ganz und gar. 2) Die Veranderung des Golgicshen Apparates in den Leberzellen, die durch Darreichung von KJ zustande kommt, stimmt mit dem oben Genannten fast uberein, abgesehen davon, dass hier die Grosse der Kornchen etwas grober ist. 3) Nach Darreichung von KC1 kann man ebenfalls einen fast ahnlichen Befund wie bei den vorigen Failen konstatieren, jedoch sieht man haufig anstatt des Golgischen Apparates eine grosse schwarze Masse, die sicher als Niederschlag anzusehen ist und besonders nach Darreichung einer grossen Menge von KCI auftritt. 4) Nach Darreichung von KN03 stellt sich der Golgsche Apparat in Gestalt von verhaltnismossig grbsseren Kornchen dar, die hauptsah lich in der Nahe der Gallenkapillaren vorhanden sind, wenn man sie auch uberall im ganzen Zelleib findet. 5) Nach Darreichung von Na2S04 verhalt sich der Golgische. Apparat wie irn Falle von KN03. Aus den oben erwahnten verschieclenen Befunden ergibt sich, dass der Golgische Apparat der Leberzellen nach der innerlichen Darreichung verschieclener Salze eine Veranderung erleidet, die vor allem je nach der Dosis des gebrauchten Mittels verschieden ist. Eine starke Beschadigung , der Zellfunktion durch Aufnahme einer grossen Dosis beeinflusst den Golgischen Apparat auf das schwerste, so sehr, dass er endlich vernichtet wird. Auch die Wirkung der genannten Mittel auf den Apparat ist je nach der Art der Salze mehr oder wenibger verschieden. Besonders auffallend ist in dieser Beziehung der Unterschied zwischen Halogen- und anderen Verbindungen. Die ersteren lassen den Golgischen Apparat in feine Kornchen zerfalle,n und in die Gallenkapillaren eindringen, was nach Darreichusg von KN03 oder Na2S04 nicht der Fall ist. Im allgemeinen hat das einwertige Anion die Wirkungg den Zelleib zu lockern, indem es die Dispersitat der Kolloide steigert. Vor allem gilt dies fur Halogenanionen. Was die Verschiebungsgeschwindigkeit und Penetrationskraft dieser Anionen anbelangt, so gibt, es keinen deutlichen Unterschied zwischen Br', J' und Cl', jedoch scheint es, dass Br' in dieser Beziehung den zwei andern etwas voransteht. Die Halogenionen im Blute scheiden sich schnell in die Galle, wobei sie die Gallensekretion befordern. Hisiologisch kann man diese Tatsac.he dufch die oberwahnte Veranderung des Golgischen Apparates in den Leberzellen nachweisen. N'03' u.nd S04" haben nur eine geringe Wanderungsgeschwincligkeit und Eindringung'skraft. S04" entlwasse.rt sogar die Zellen, indem es lange Zeit ausserhalb der Zelle bleibt. Was die Gallensekretion anbelangt, so uben N03' und S04" keinen bedeutenden Einfluss auf sie aus, was auch histologisch durch den Befund des Golgischen Apparates in den Leberzellen nach Darreichung von KN03 oder Na2S04 erkennbar ist.

1. Milchglobulin und Serumglobulin sind identische Eiweisskorper, von denen der erstere wohl aus der mutterlichen Blutbahn stammt und bei der Schutzstofftibertragung eine wichtige Rolle spielt,. 2. Kasein wird erst in der Milch gebildet. 3. Milchalbumin und Serumalbumin sind verschieden voneinander ; daher kann man uberzeugt sein, dass das Milchalbumin, wie das Kasein, erst in der Brustdriise erzeugt wird. 4. Der Verwandt,schaftsgrad zwischen Kuh- und Ziegenkasein, zwischen Kuh- und Ziegemnilchalbumin und zwischen Kuh- und Ziegenmilchglobulin ist stets 100 : 40, ganz analog demjenigen zwischen Kuh- und Ziegenmilch. 5. Der zeitliche Verlauf der einzelnen Immunkorper stellt sich mehr oder weniger abweichend dar ; so ist der Verlauf des Kaseins schneller als der eines anderen, und das Antialbuminserum tritt in verhaltnismassig spatem Stadium auf. 6. Die Zustandspezifitat des erhitzten Kaseins wird durch die Prazipitinverdtunungsmethode vollstandig bestatigt. 7. Das Kasein ist ein hitzebestandiger Eiweisskorper, aber das Albumin und besonders das Globulin sind ziemlich koktolabil. An dieser Stelle sei besonders Herrn Prof. Dr. Ogata mein warmster Dank ausgesprochen fur die mannigfachen sowohl wahrend der Periode der Untersuchungen als auch bei Abfassung der Arbeit empfamgenen Anregungen.

We attempted to determine the usefulness of body surface mapping (BSM) for differentiating patients with Brugada syndrome (BS) from patients with asymptomatic Brugada syndrome (ABS). Electrocardiograms (ECG) and BSM were recorded in 7 patients with BS and 35 patients with ABS. Following the administration of Ic antiarrhythmic drugs, BSM was recorded in 5 patients with BS and 16 patients with ABS. The maximum amplitudes at J0, J20, J40 and J60 were compared between the 2 groups, as were 3-dimensional maps. The maximum amplitudes at J0, J20 and J60 under control conditions were larger in patients with BS than in patients with ABS (P < 0.05). A three-dimensional map of the ST segments under control conditions in patients with BS showed a higher peak of ST elevation in the median precordium compared to that for patients with ABS. Increases in ST elevation at J20, J40 and J60 following drug administration were greater in patients with BS than in patients with ABS (P < 0.05). Evaluation of the change in amplitude of the ST segment at E5 caused by Ic drug administration was also useful for differentiating between the 2 groups. In conclusion, BSM was useful for differentiating patients with BS from those with ABS.

Cytogenetic analysis was performed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of a woman with ductal breast carcinoma, who as a hospital employee was exposed professionally for 15 years to low doses of ionizing radiation. The most important finding after the chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy was the presence of double minutes (DM) chromosomes, in combination with other chromosomal abnormalities (on 200 scored metaphases were found 2 chromatid breaks, 10 dicentrics, 11 acentric fragments, 2 gaps, and 3 double min chromosomes). In a repeated analysis (after 6 months), DM chromosomes were still present. To rule out the possibility that the patient was overexposed to ionizing radiation at work, her blood test was compared with a group of coworkers as well as with a group of professionally unexposed people. The data rejected this possibility, but the retroactive analysis showed that the patient even at the time of employment had a moderately increased number of chromosomal aberrations (3.5%) consisting of 3 isochromatids and 4 gaps, suggesting that her initial genomic instability enhanced the later development. The finding of a continuous presence of rare DM chromosomes in her PBL (4 and 10 months after radiochemotherapy) was considered as an indicator of additional risk, which might have some prognostic significance.

We investigated the brainstem integrity in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) using auditory brainstem responses (ABR), blink reflex and exteroceptive suppression of the masseter muscle. We examined 23 children with PNE (16 male, 7 female; mean age: 10.4 years) and 19 control subjects (11 male, 8 female; mean age: 11.8 years). ABR parameters such as wave latencies, amplitudes and interpeak latencies and blink reflex parameters such as R1 and R2 amplitude and latencies were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Although S2 parameters of the exteroceptive suppression of the masseter muscle were easily and completely obtained from the control subjects, in the PNE group S2 onset latency and duration were not recorded in 26% of the study children (n = 6) (P = 0.01). S2 duration time was significantly lowered in the enuretic group (left side: P = 0.001 and right side: P = 0.003). S2 duration time changes in the enuretic group supports a possible brainstem dysfunction in children with PNE.

The aim of our study was to assess concentrations of serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides in soldiers with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in comparison with combat-experienced soldiers without PTSD. The second aim of our study was to explore the relationship between PTSD symptoms such as re-experiencing, avoidance, increased arousal, and serum lipid levels. In 53 soldiers with combat-related PTSD and 49 with combat experiences without PTSD, serum cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides were assayed by an enzyme-assay method. Soldiers with combat-related PTSD were found to have significantly higher concentrations of cholesterol (P = 0.001), LDL-C (P = 0.002), and triglycerides (P = 0.001) than soldiers without current PTSD. HDL-C was statistically lower (P < 0.001) in soldiers with combat-related PTSD than in those without PTSD. A positive correlation was found between increased arousal and cholesterol (r = 0.464; P = 0.039), or LDL-C (r = 0.479; P = 0.021) concentrations.

We estimated the frequency of anatomic variations in origin of the left coronary artery in a Turkish population by analyzing the angiographic data of 10,042 consecutive adult patients undergoing coronary angiography. Among 10,042 adult patients, 5 (0.04%) patients (4 men and 1 woman, age range 40-74, median 58 years old) had anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery. The left main coronary artery arose from the right coronary sinus of Valsalva in 2 (0.019%) patients (both of them had a retro-aortic course), from above the left coronary sinus of Valsalva in 2 (0.019%) patients, and from above the non-coronary (posterior)-left coronary commisure in 1 (0.009%) patient. Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery is potentially a serious condition, as it can lead to myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death under physical exertion. Therefore, greater effort for early detection and surgical repair of this anomaly are warranted. The angiographic recognition of anomalous origin of this vessel may prove useful for physicians dealing with diagnosis and treatment of anomalies of the left main coronary artery.

We evaluated the respiratory functions of patients with pulmonary emphysema who underwent lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) by the mean transit time (MTT) with Xe-133 lung ventilation scintigraphy, forced expiration volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), residual volume (RV), distance walked in 6 min (6-min walk), and the Hugh-Jones classification (H-J classification) before and after LVRS. In 69 patients with pulmonary emphysema (62 men, 7 women; age range, 47-75 years; mean age, 65.4 years +/- 6.1, preoperative H-J classification, III (two were II)-V) who underwent LVRS, all preoperative and postoperative parameters (MTT 3 weeks after LVRS and the others 3 months after LVRS) were judged statistically by the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Odds ratio. Every postoperative parameter was improved with a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative parameters. MTT at 3 weeks after LVRS was not associated with %FEV1.0 and the H-J classification at 3 months after LVRS, but was associated with RV and a 6-min walk at 3 months after LVRS. MTT was useful for the clinical evalution of aerobic capability after LVRS.

We explored the effectiveness of loxoprofen sodium (loxoprofen), which is the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in Japan, for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complaining of nocturia. A total of 93 BPH patients aged 49-84 years were enrolled in the study. These patients had received standard drug therapy with alpha1-blocker for BPH, followed by anticholinergic drugs, hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and/or antiduretic hormone, but they still complained about 2 or more episodes of nocturia. They each took a single 60-mg tablet of loxoprofen prior to sleeping at night for 14 days in addition to their BPH treatments. The effects were assessed by questionnaire before and after treatment as excellent (nocturia disappeared or decreased by 2 or more voids/night), improved (nocturia decreased by 1 void/night), unchanged, or worsened (nocturia increased). Nocturia improved or disappeared in 74.2% of patients: excellent, improved, unchanged, and worsened results were obtained in 37.6%, 36.6%, 21.5%, and 4.3% of patients, respectively. The effects were better in patients whose baseline nocturia was > 2 times than in those with a lesser frequency at enrollment (P = 0.04). Loxoprofen can be an effective and useful treatment option for patients with BPH complaining of refractory nocturia.

Pressure distribution patterns of the seating interface on the multi-cell air cushion (ROHO High Profile) of 36 adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) (Neurological level Th3 -L1) were measured at different air pressure levels by a pressure mat measurement system. Stress distribution relative to the inflated air pressure in the air cushion on the patients' wheelchairs was analyzed to determine the appropriate inflated air pressure of the cushion for patients. The maximum pressure points in all subjects were at the areas of the ischial tuberosities (82 to 347 mmHg). The optimal reduction in interface pressure at the ischial tuberosities was obtained just before bottoming out. The cushion air pressure at that point was between 17 and 42 mmHg, and correlated well to body weight (r = 0.495, P = 0.0021). In contrast, the maximum pressure levels did not correlate to body weight or the Body Mass Index (BMI). Pressure at the ischial area could be reduced, but not eliminated, by adjusting the air pressure. The maximum pressure levels seemed to be related to the shape of the buttocks, especially the amount of soft tissue, and exceeded the defined threshold for pressure ulcers (> 80 g/cm2).

The central nervous system is highly plastic and has been shown to undergo both transient and chronic adaptive changes in response to environmental influences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypergravic field on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampus. Exposure of mice to 4G fields for 48 h had no effect on input-output coupling during extracellular stimulation of Schaffer collaterals and paired pulse facilitation, suggesting that the hypergravic exposure had no detrimental effect on basal neurotransmission in the hippocampus. However, the exposure to 4G fields for 48 h significantly induced LTP compared with the control mouse hippocampus. In contrast, no significant changes of late-phase LTP (L-LTP) were found in the hippocampi of mice exposed to the hypergravic field. Exposure of mice to 4G fields for 48 h enhanced AMPA receptor phosphorylation but not cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. These results suggest that exposure to hyperdynamic fields influences the synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.

We report a case requiring biliary reconstruction with right hepatic lobectomy due to biliary strictures caused by continuous cholangitis after laparoscopic bile duct injury. The patient, a 55-year-old woman, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis at another hospital. Although a bile leakage from the intraabdominal drain was observed several days after the operation, the patient was not given adequate treatment to stop the leakage. Two months after the initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she was referred to our hospital. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct, which was caused by clipping during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cholangiography from percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheters revealed that sections of the secondary branches of the right intrahepatic bile duct had become constricted due to persistent cholangitis. Fortunately, the left hepatic duct was judged to be normal by imaging. Therefore, we elected to perform a right hepatic lobectomy and left hepaticojejunostomy, because we felt that performing a hepaticojejunostomy without hepatic resection would put the patient at risk of continuing to suffer from cholangitis. The patient was discharged on the 55 th postoperative day, and, 5 years after reconstructive surgery, is healthy and has remained free from biliary strictures in the remnant liver. Appropriate decision-making is essential in the treatment of biliary injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgeons should not hesitate to perform biliary reconstruction with hepatic resection to reduce the risk of cholangitis or biliary strictures of the remnant liver. More importantly, preoperative clear imaging of the biliary tree and suitable management of any biliary injury which might occur are necessary to avoid having to perform reconstructive surgery.