ID | 62449 |
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Takahashi, Eizo
Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
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Ochi, Sadayuki
Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
Mizuno, Tamaki
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
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Morita, Daichi
Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
Morita, Masatomo
Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Ohnishi, Makoto
Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Koley, Hemanta
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
Dutta, Moumita
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
Chowdhury, Goutam
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
Mukhopadhyay, Asish K.
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
Dutta, Shanta
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
Miyoshi, Shin-Ichi
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
Okamoto, Keinosuke
Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
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Abstract | Cholera toxin (CT)-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cause acute diarrheal disease and are proven etiological agents of cholera epidemics and pandemics. On the other hand, V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 are designated as non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios and are not associated with epidemic cholera. The majority of NAG vibrios do not possess the gene for CT (ctx). In this study, we isolated three NAG strains (strains No. 1, 2, and 3) with ctx from pond water in Kolkata, India, and examined their pathogenic properties. The enterotoxicity of the three NAG strains in vivo was examined using the rabbit ileal intestinal loop test. Strain No. 1 induced the accumulation of fluid in the loop, and the volume of fluid was reduced by simultaneous administration of anti-CT antiserum into the loop. The volume of fluid in the loop caused by strains No. 2 and 3 was small and undetectable, respectively. Then, we cultured these three strains in liquid medium in vitro at two temperatures, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and examined the amount of CT accumulated in the culture supernatant. CT was accumulated in the culture supernatant of strain No.1 when the strain was cultured at 25 degrees C, but that was low when cultured at 37 degrees C. The CT amount accumulated in the culture supernatants of the No. 2 and No. 3 strains was extremely low at both temperature under culture conditions examined. In order to clarify the virulence properties of these strains, genome sequences of the three strains were analyzed. The analysis showed that there was no noticeable difference among three isolates both in the genes for virulence factors and regulatory genes of ctx. However, vibrio seventh pandemic island-II (VSP-II) was retained in strain No. 1, but not in strains No. 2 or 3. Furthermore, it was revealed that the genotype of the B subunit of CT in strain No. 1 was type 1 and those of strains No. 2 and 3 were type 8. Histopathological examination showed the disappearance of villi in intestinal tissue exposed to strain No. 1. In addition, fluid accumulated in the loop due to the action of strain No. 1 had hemolytic activity. This indicated that strain No. 1 may possesses virulence factors to induce severe syndrome when the strain infects humans, and that some strains of NAG vibrio inhabiting pond water in Kolkata have already acquired virulence, which can cause illness in humans. There is a possibility that these virulent NAG vibrios, which have acquired genes encoding factors involved in virulence of V. cholerae O1, may emerge in various parts of the world and cause epidemics in the future.
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Keywords | Vibrio cholerae
NAG Vibrio
cholera toxin
virulence
environmental water
gene analysis
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Published Date | 2021-08-20
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Publication Title |
Frontiers In Microbiology
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Volume | volume12
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Publisher | Frontiers Media SA
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Start Page | 726273
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ISSN | 1664-302X
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Content Type |
Journal Article
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language |
English
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OAI-PMH Set |
岡山大学
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Copyright Holders | © 2021 Takahashi, Ochi, Mizuno, Morita, Morita, Ohnishi, Koley, Dutta, Chowdhury, Mukhopadhyay, Dutta, Miyoshi and Okamoto.
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File Version | publisher
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Related Url | isVersionOf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.726273
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License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Citation | Takahashi E, Ochi S, Mizuno T, Morita D, Morita M, Ohnishi M, Koley H, Dutta M, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Miyoshi S-I and Okamoto K (2021) Virulence of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 Strains Isolated From Environmental Water in Kolkata, India. Front. Microbiol. 12:726273. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726273
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Open Access (Publisher) |
OA
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