看護職における離職の実態及び離･転職願望と諸要因との関係

本研究の目的は,臨床看護婦の離職の実態と離職願望およびその背景因子との関連性について実証分析を行うことである｡2箇所の地方都市の公立病院で働く看護婦582名を対象として,離職と転職の意志と理由ならびに個人要因と職場要因についての調査を実施した｡その結果,次のような知見を得た｡ 1) 地方都市の大規模公立病院で働く看護婦の8割が卒業後ずっと同じ病院で勤務していた｡ 2) 実際の離･転職者は調査対象者の約15%であり,その7割を20代が占めた｡ 3) 20歳代の離職には2つの理由が見られた｡一つは結婚･出産および家族の世話による離職であった｡職業と家庭の両立は困難と考えていた。もう一つは未婚の看護婦による他の看護職への転職であった。 4) 約6割が離職願望をもっていた｡離職願望の背景として,仕事要因と個人要因および年齢的な特徴が見られた｡すなわち,20代では自分の適性や能力への不安｡30歳代では子育てと労働条件の負担｡40歳代以降では健康上の理由であった｡しかし給料との関連は低かった｡ 5) しかし地方都市の公立病院においては離職者は減少傾向にあり,就労形態は｢若年短期未婚型｣より｢中高年継続就労型｣へと以降しているものと考えられた｡

The purporse of this study is finding existing situation and those reasons of nurses who would resign or desired to resign from their jobs. A survey was conducted to 582 nurses in two public hospitals located in the province. The following results were obtained. 1. 15% of all the target nurses would segign soon. 70% of which was in age of twenties. 2. There were two main reasons of resignation among nurses in age of twenties. One was getting married, having child or family care ; they felt it is difficult to continue both their working life and family one. The other was they were planning to be qualified for another nursing professional. 3. 60% of all the target nurses desired to resign from their jobs. 4. The reason was different by age group. Each had own reason ; Anxieties for their aptitude and ability as nurses in the twentie, responsibility for their children and family menbers in the thirties, and anxieties for health in the forties and fifties. But amont of salaries did not affect their disire.