Acta Medica Okayama volume37 issue1

Interference of oncogenic N-nitrosourea in intraocular tumor induction by human adenovirus type 12 in rats was examined. Transplacental administration of methylnitrosourea to rat embryo reduced significantly the latent period of the intraocular adenovirus tumor in each animal whereas in groups preadministered with ethylnitrosourea the decrease in the latent period showed marked individual variation. Preadministration of N-nitrosourea caused little change in the morphology and incidence of adenovirus tumors. The histological picture of adenovirus induced intraocular tumors which developed in each group of rats was that of retinoblastoma-like tumor identical to the tumor induced by single virus injection.

The incidence of intraperitoneal adhesion after abdominal surgery was studied. Peritoneoscopy was performed in 933 patients with liver diseases over the 6 year 5 month period from March 1974 to July 1980. Of the patients, 352 (37.7%) had undergone an abdominal operation, and intraperitoneal adhesion was detected in 205 (58.2%) of these patients. The liver was not observable in 5 out of 61 patients with adhesions after upper abdominal operations. Whereas, the liver was clearly observable in patients with lower abdominal operations in spite of adhesions. Out of the 581 patients without any abdominal operations, 30 patients (5.2%) had adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and 6 of them had extensive adhesions that partially obscured the observation of liver surface. In all patients, peritoneoscopy was performed without complications by avoiding the surgical scar for puncture sites and ensuring a free air lumen before trocar puncture.

Absence of Kupffer cells in rat liver hyperplastic nodules induced by a chemical carcinogen was demonstrated by intravenous injection of indian ink. Hyperplastic nodules appeared 4 weeks after diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered, and the nodules continued growing and became eosinophilic hyperplastic nodules after 5 to 6 weeks. After intravenous injection of indian ink, hyperplastic nodules were observed as carbon-free white nodules, which were macroscopically distinguishable from the black surrounding tissue. As observed by light microscopy, Kupffer cells were absent in hyperplastic nodules in contrast to being present in the surrounding tissue. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed these findings and furthermore revealed that the sinusoidal endothelium of hyperplastic nodules had no fenestrae. Injection of indian ink is a useful method for delineation and enucleation of hyperplastic nodules in the study of morphological and chemical changes of nodules.

We developed an indirect capillary tube method to improve reproducibility of macrophage migration inhibition (MI) tests using a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. MI response could be induced to cell-surface antigens coded by either H-2 or non-H-2 (background) genes. The sensitivity was more readily induced across H-2 + background differences. The presence of only background difference did not induce the MI response to much extent. High MI activities were obtained to antigens coded by either K end or D end of the H-2 complex + background difference. Moderate activities were induced across the H-2D difference + background. These results suggest that the D region of the H-2 complex may direct a MI response when an H-2I difference is present during sensitization.

Primary cultures of liver cells from normal adult rats were treated with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) at various concentrations for 6 days. 3'-Me-DAB treatment induced rapid proliferation of epithelial clear cells with chromosomal abnormalities and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. In early culture, marker chromosomes were detected in 13 of 44 3'-Me-DAB-treated cultures but not in control cultures. GGT activity was not detected in the epithelial clear cells in either 3'-Me-DAB-treated or control cultures. In late culture, 21 cell lines established from 39 carcinogen-treated cultures consisted of 3 diploid cell lines, 5 pseudodiploid cell lines and 13 aneuploid cell lines. Eighteen of these 21 cell lines had marker chromosomes. Of the 2 cell lines established from 15 control cultures both were aneuploid, but a marker chromosome was detected in only one of these. GGT activity was detected in 11 of 21 cell lines established from the carcinogen-treated cultures but not in those from control cultures. Morphological features of the cell lines which varied from normal to cancerous included polymorphism, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. No cell line established in this study developed tumors in host rats during a 1-year observation period.

A cell strain having low tumor-producing capacity was exposed in culture to 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) in the presence or absence of liver microsomes, and whether or not the cells will progress to those having high tumor-producing capacity was examined. When transplanted into rats, the cells treated with 3'-Me-DAB four (Exp-I) or thirteen times (Exp-II) formed larger tumors than untreated control cells, the latter treatment being more efficient in this regard. Furthermore, the tumors formed by the cells treated with 3'-Me-DAB in the presence of liver microsomes were considerably larger than those formed by the cells treated with 3'-Me-DAB alone. The subcutaneous tumors produced by the cells treated with 3'-Me-DAB with S-15 Mix showed poorly differentiated histology compared with those produced by control and 3'-Me-DAB-treated cells. The frequency of lung metastasis tended to increase by 3'-Me-DAB with S-15 Mix. The cells treated with 3'-Me-DAB in the presence or absence of liver microsomes differed from untreated control cells in vitro in some properties, including the size of aggregates in rotation culture, plating efficiency in liquid medium and morphology. These observations suggest that cell malignancy was promoted by 3'-Me-DAB alone as well as by 3'-Me-DAB in the presence of liver microsomes.

A patient with an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who survived without active treatment 3 years and 8 months after histological diagnosis is described. The size of the liver, which was already quite huge at the time of diagnosis, changed little during the entire clinical observation. However, 2 months before death, his condition deteriorated rapidly following gastrointestinal bleeding due to the direct invasion of the stomach by HCC. A critical reason for the unusually long-term survival of the patient may stem from the facts that a well-differentiated and bile-producing HCC was extent in most encapsulated-tumor tissues and that liver cirrhosis was not present.

In order to increase the accuracy of diagnosis in lung cancer, analysis concerning cytological and histological correlation was attempted. The present study consists of 106 patients, who were seen during the past approximately five years and underwent radical surgery to remove tumors completely; mere biopsy specimens were excluded. These patients were 63 years old on the average, 78 males and 28 females, 29 cases of the hilar type (H) and 77 of the peripheral type (P), and 27 and 76 cases of the clinical stage I in H and P, respectively. Histologically, there were 53 adenocarcinomas (Ad), 38 squamous cell carcinomas (Sq), 4 adenosquamous cell carcinomas (Ad + Sq), 5 large cell carcinomas (LCC), and 6 small cell carcinomas (SCC); among them, 3 Ad and 21 Sq in H, and 50 Ad and 17 Sq in P. The overall positive percentages were 65.5 (H) and 26.0 (P) by combination of spontaneous, airsol-induced and Saccomanno's methods, against 96.6 (H) and 72.8 (P) with inclusion of brushing method. 94.8% of Sq in H and 66.7% of Ad and 70.6% of Sq in P were positive by the brushing. A comparative study of these four methods, performed at least once on the same patient, also confirmed the superiority of brushing. Cyto- and histological agreement was 21/21 (100%) for Sq in H, whereas 30/34 (88.2%) for Ad and 13/15 (86.7%) for Sq in P. In conclusion, cyto- and histological findings in H and P corresponded well, and as far as cytology of peripheral type is concerned, a combined method, especially with brushing, is strongly recommended.

The effects of intravenous infusion of isoproterenol on stenosis resistance were studied in the anesthetized open-chest dog. The circumflex coronary artery (LCx) was isolated near its origin and an electromagnetic flow transducer was placed around the vessel for measuring coronary flow. A polyethylene catheter was inserted into the small branch of LCx for monitoring distal coronary pressure. LCx was constricted with a thick cotton string to a degree of obstruction that eliminated reactive hyperemia following a 20-second coronary occlusion. The coronary resistance across the stenotic segment (RL) was calculated as the pressure gradient across the stenosis divided by coronary flow. Isoproterenol was infused intravenously in a dose to keep the heart rate at a level 25-30% above the control with and without coronary constriction. For maintaining the ascending aortic pressure at the pre-isoproterenol level, the descending thoracic aorta was constricted with a tape. In the absence of coronary constriction, the vascular resistance of large coronary arteries was not affected by isoproterenol with a significant increase in coronary flow. In the presence of coronary stenosis, isoproterenol markedly increased RI regardless of additional aortic constriction. The magnitude of the increase in RL during aortic constriction varied directly with the percent increase in the pressure gradient across the coronary stenosis. Pacing-tachycardia essentially did not affect RL. These results suggest that isoproterenol increased the vascular resistance of the stenotic segment with fixed caliber.

Maximal expiratory volume-time and flow-volume (MEVT and MEFV) curves were constructed from the measurements of young male nonsmoking, mild and moderate asthmatic patients (mean age, 29.7 yrs.). Eleven parameters of the pulmonary function tests, two MEVT, six MEFV, and three mean time constant (MTC) parameters, were calculated from the curves. These parameters were used in 15 analyses through the all possible selection procedure (APAP) discriminating between mild and moderate asthmatics. The probability of misclassification was computed with each of the eleven parameters, and all eleven probabilities thus obtained were compared with each other. This procedure showed us that the probability of misclassification ranged from 30.83% to 45.40% and that the most useful parameter was MTC50-25. The probability of misclassification computed using all eleven parameters (total parameter group) was 15.90%. The discriminant analysis indicated that the flow-volume patterns varied according the severity of bronchial asthma, thus, the flow-volume curve was considered to be important in analyzing the severity of bronchial asthma.