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1. After the centrifugation of sonicated heavy beef heart mitochondria at 75, 000 × g for 10 minutes, the supernatant was centrifuged at 144, 000 × g for 30 minutes. The residue was revealed being composed of vesicular inner membrane fragments (ETPH), about 600 to 1000 Å. in diameter, showing a morphological homogeneity and a high capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. 2. The Pia ratio of the ETPH in the presence of succinate and of NADH2 was 1.68 and 2.54, respectively, and the corrected Pia value for O2 gas equilibrium was 1. 01 and 1.40, respectively. 3. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in ETPH fraction was parallel to the activity of the oligomycin. sensitive ATPase in these fractions. 4. The P/0 ratio of ETPH was decreased to about 50 % by hypotonic treatment. The decrease of P/0 ratio was restored to the level of about 90 % by incubating the ETPH with ATP and BSA. In the instance where the P/0 ratio was low level in the hypotonic medium, the surface structure of ETPH was observed as a swollen form and the head pieces of the elementary particles were clearly observed in contrast to the solid surface structure of ETPH in the isotonic medium. 5. The P/0 ratio of ETPH was decreased to about 60 % by relatively severe sonication, and after separating the residue from the supernatant, that of the residue decreased further to about 40 %. The P/0 ratio of the residue was restored to the level before the separation on the addition of the supernatant containing oligomycin-insensitive ATPase. 6. A discussion was made on the correlation between the surface structure and the activities at terminal phosphorylation step of ETPH after the simple physico-chemical treatment.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of valerian extract on the sleep-wake cycle using sleep-disturbed model rats. A significant shortening in sleep latency was observed with valerian extract at doses of 1000 and 3000 mg/kg. On the other hand, valerian extract had no significant effects on total times of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, or REM sleep, even at a dose of 3000 mg/kg. Valerian extract at doses of 1000 and 3000 mg/kg showed a significant increase in the delta activity during non-REM sleep. In conclusion, valerian extract may be useful as an herbal medicine having not only sleep-inducing effects but also sleep quality-enhancement effects.

1. The proteolytic action of papayotin is activated by X-ray irradiation with 60 r and 1000 r, and inhibited with 200 r and 400 r. 2. The influences of X-rays upon papayotin are direct and remain unchanged for definite periods of time. 3. The proteolytic action of papayotin show wavy phenomena which correspond to the time and dose of the X-ray irradiation. 4. The proteolytic action of papayotin is considered to be inhibited by the decomposition products (polypeptides) of substrate only in the presence of some other factors.

Protective effects of clinically used drugs against adriamycin (ADM)-induced toxicity were studied in ICR mice. The control mice, which were administered 15 mg/kg of ADM twice, survived 7.48 +/- 1.99 days (mean +/- S.D.). The survival times of mice treated with the following drugs, expressed as a percent of that of the control group, were 293.6% for coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10, 2 mg/kg), 402.2% for dextran sulfate (MDS, 300 mg/kg), 121.6% for flavin adenine dinucleotide (20 mg/kg), 236.3% for adenosine triphosphate disodium (50 mg/kg), 213.7% for reduced glutathione (100 mg/kg), 121.6% for phytonadione (50 mg/kg), 155.2% for inositol nicotinate (Ino-N, 500 mg/kg), 335.5% for nicomol (1000 mg/kg), 157.5% for nicardipine (10 mg/kg) and 123.3% for dipyridamol (50 mg/kg). Anti-hyperlipemic agents such as MDS, nicomol, Ino-N and Co Q10 strongly protected against the ADM-induced toxicity, and the mice administered these drugs lived significantly longer than the control mice. The mechanism of the protective effect was discussed.

A 38-year-old female presented with cough and fever. A chest X-ray examination revealed an abnormal shadow in the posteroinferior portion of the left hemithorax, and a laboratory examination showed that the serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level was markedly high (1000 U/ml). A left thoracotomy showed an intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the left lower lobe, and after a left lower lobe lobectomy, the serum level of CA19-9 decreased to normal. Increased CA19-9 activity was detected by immunohistochemistry in the epithelia of bronchioles in the pulmonary sequestration. This communication is the first to report a case of increased activity of CA19-9 in pulmonary sequestration.

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid treatment for sudden deafness was studied in detail. The results of treatment with tranexamic acid administration in 19 cases (25 ears) of sudden deafness and two historical control groups using various treatments were compared by the chi square contingency test. The data suggested that tranexamic acid treatment may be superior to traditional treatments especially if treatment is begun early. Among ears treated with tranexamic acid, 11 ears (44%) were healed or recovered remarkably, 8 ears (32%) recovered slightly and 6 ears (24%) were unchanged or worsened. Fibrinolysis in the inner ear may be the pathophysiology of sudden deafness. Treatment with tranexamic acid starting within 4 days after onset of symptoms was most effective in patients whose initial audiogram was flat or concave, initial average hearing loss at 5 frequencies (250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz) was between 23 dB and 76 dB (mean; 45.1 dB) and was not accompanied by dizziness.

Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin G (IgG) in normal human epidermis was defined by a peroxidase-labeled antibody method. A correlation between cytoplasmic staining and the serum level of IgG was found. Epidermal cells containing IgG were not present when the serum level of IgG was less than 1000 microgram/ml.