Okayama University Medical School

Since clinical document architecture (CDA) became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-approved health level seven (HL7) Standard, many countries have begun making an eff ort to make local standards conform to CDA. In order to make CDA compatible with the many diff erent local standards existing in diff erent countries, we designed a prototype model using HL7 CDA R2 with medical markup language (MML), a Japanese medical data exchange standard. Furthermore, a referral letter system based on this model was developed. Archetypes were used to express medical concepts in a formal manner and to make 2 diff erent standards work collaboratively. We share herein the experience gathered in designing and implementing a referral letter system based on HL7 CDA, Release 2 (CDA R2). We also outline the challenges encountered in our project and the opportunities to widen the scope of this approach to other clinical documents.

A rapid method was devised for the detection of virus particles in wart specimens. The upper layer of warts was cut perpendicularly to the surface, and the freshly cut surface was lightly touched to an electron microscope grid. The grid was then stained with a small drop of phosphotungstate and observed electron microscopically. On the specimen grid thus prepared, papillomavirus particles were easily discriminated from tissue debris. Papillomavirus particles were detected in 71% of verrucae plantares, 78% of verrucae palmares, 50% of verrucae vulgares and 75% of condylomata acuminata by the present method.

1. A. simple hot-plate apparatus, with comparatively good accuracy in the control of temperature, chiefly composed of a circular lead plate embedded with nicrome-wire heater was devised in order to improve the complications and inconveniences of the hot-plate apparatus used to date in algesimetric determination with mice. 2. The reaction times measured with this hot-plate maintained at 55°C with 500 normal mice showed an average of 9.96 ± 1.58 seconds and about 90% of the total mice exhibited reaction time of 7-13 seconds. With animals showing reaction time within this range, the daily mean reaction time did not vary with measurement once a day for consecutive days and the effect of drugs with comparatively weak analgesic effect was well reproduced with small number examples, such as 12 mice to a group.