Acta Medica Okayama 15巻 4号

A series of experiments have been conducted with ten adult rabbits, drowning them to death in a ditch those water contains diatoms in abundance. The bones (selected ones are the femur, humerus, riHand vertebra) of these drowned rabbits have been buried underground, wrapped tightly in cellophane bags and left there for three years, and the detection of diatoms has been conducted with these bones either as they are or after cremating them in the electric'oven at 300°C, 500°C, 800°C or 1,000°C, for 20 minutes. As the results it has been clarified that diatoms can be detected in a considerable number in the bones of four limbs, and of these detectable diatoms some of them can be found even after cremation at 1,000°C for 20 minutes. This clearly proves diatoms are detectable from the bones even after a long period of time·after burial and even after cremation at high temperatures.

In connection with the cloudy swelling of the liver cell seen in the CCl4 intoxication the author observed the oxygen consumption rate of the liver slices at frequent intervals within 20 hours of CCl4 intoxication in rats. Unexpectedly, the oxygen consumption did not decrease by CCl4, intoxication in the stage where the cloudy swelling can be seen, especially in the media added with succinate. This finding suggests that the energy produced by respiration is not concerned with the swelling phenomenon in the case of CCl4 intoxication, differing from the supposition on the experiment of protozoa by using cyanide and others.

With an intention to establish definitely that detection of diatoms, vegetative plariktons, in the remains of a corpse will offer an unequivocal proof of death from drowning, even in the case where the suspected corpse has been cremated, the author observed organs and bones of 16 healthy adult rabbits which were drowned in a ditch, and burned as a whole with wood fire or incinerated in the electric oven. As the results it was found that diatoms can be detected in the interned organs so long as they remain. Even in the case where the corpse was cremated at high temperature, it is also possible to detect several kinds of diatoms in bones, the femur showing the greatest number followed by the humerus suggesting that long bones are more suitable for the detection of diatoms than any other bones, as they contain more numbers and kinds of diatoms. Thus it is concluded that detection of diatoms in the remains of the corpse suspected of drowning can definitely give an unequivocal evidence that the death is from drowning.

In the spleen of patient exposed to atomic bomb as well as in the infective spleen and leukemic spleen sometimes characteristic endothelium of the trabecular vein can be observed and this canalicula in the trabecular vein communicates with reticulum tissue of the pulp. In the subendothelial circulatory canalicula of the splenic trabecular vein there can be observed emigrating picture of various leucocytes of the vein passing this subendothelium (chemotaxisis) and these cells emigrate and accumulate outside the splenic trabecula (intrasplenic cell recurrence). Arterial blood circulates in these subendothelial canaliculae and these canaliculae are not lymph canaliculae as demonstrated by JAGER and ROSSLE. Many leucocytes flow back into the pulp outside the trabecula through this circulatory system. Also in the peritrabecular pulp a new formation of collagen fibers and a considerable number of plasma cells can be observed in various infective spleens, and splenic trabecular area is the regenerating center and reactive center in the spleen, just as lymph follicle in the spleen.

Die Autoren haben die folgende Feststellungen gemacht : 1) Die Losungen der unversehrten, zerreibten und hamolysierten Erythrocyten (Tabelle 1) am haufigsten verkurzen im Vergleiche mit der Kontrolle (0.85 per cent NaCl) die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas (Tabelle 2∼5). Die unversehrten Erythrocyten scheinen in dieser Hinsicht starker zu wirken, als die zerreibten und hamolysierte Zellen. Die letzten aber verhaltnismaBig ofters, als die unversehrte Zellen, verursachen eine Verlangerung der Rekalcifikationszeit oder zeigen keinen EinfluB. 2) Der Verdunnungsgrad der unversehrten, zerreibten oder hamolysierten Erythrocyten scheint uber den EinfluBcharakter auf die Gerinnungszeit nicht zu entscheiden. Doch im Vergleich mit den vorangehenden, die nachfolgende starkere Verdunnungen verlangern in der Mehrzahl der Bestimmungen die Gerinnungszeit, sehr oft haben sie keine Wirkung, oder ziemlich haufig verkurzen diese Zeit. 3) Selbstverstandlich ist die gerinnungsfordernde Wirkung von Erythrocyten viel schwacher und das ist eine Rege1 in den durchgeftihrten Experimenten, als der EinfluB des Gewebsthromboplastins auf die Rekalcifikationszeit des Zitratplasmas.

Okabayashi's radical extensive hysterectomy is one of the excellent operations for carcinoma of the cervix. In this study on the postoperative complications during the recent 5 years, we obtained the following results. 1. In the total of 861 cases studied, the primary mortality amounts to 1.2 per cent, the incidence of the uretero-vaginal fistula 2.7 per cent, the pelvic abscess 16.8 per cent, and the lymphocyst 23.3 per cent. 2. On comparing the results with our previous ones as well as those of other investigators, it is found that satisfactory results have been obtained due to the advent of various antibiotics in recent years and also due to a marked advance made in the technics of blood and fluid administration as well as anesthesia. 3. Since the various complications have not completely been overcome and they still pose an important problem, an effort should be made toward a better postoperative care in order to prevent the complications.