Nine Different Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Variants in a Malaysian Population with Malay, Chinese, Indian and Orang Asli (Aboriginal Malaysian) Backgrounds

The Malaysian people consist of several ethnic groups including the Malay, the Chinese, the Indian and the Orang Asli (aboriginal Malaysians). We collected blood samples from outpatients of 2 hospitals in the State of Selangor and identified 27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient subjects among these ethnic groups. In the Malay, G6PD Viangchan (871G＞A, 1311C＞T, IVS11 nt93T＞C) and G6PD Mahidol (487G＞A) types, which are common in Cambodia and Myanmar, respectively, were detected. The Malay also had both subtypes of G6PD Mediterranean:the Mediterranean subtype (563C＞T, 1311C＞T, IVS11 nt93T＞C) and the Indo-Pakistan subtype (563C＞T, 1311C, IVS11 nt93T). In Malaysians of Chinese background, G6PD Kaiping (1388G＞A), G6PD Canton (1376G＞T) and G6PD Gaohe (95A＞G), which are common in China, were detected. Indian Malaysians possessed G6PD Mediterranean (Indo-Pakistan subtype) and G6PD Namoru (208T＞C), a few cases of which had been reported in Vanuatu and many in India. Our findings indicate that G6PD Namoru occurs in India and flows to Malaysia up to Vanuatu. We also discovered 5 G6PD-deficient cases with 2 nucleotide substitutions of 1311C＞T and IVS11 nt93T＞C, but without amino-acid substitution in the G6PD molecule. These results indicate that the Malaysian people have incorporated many ancestors in terms of G6PD variants.