Acta Medica Okayama 12巻 1号

1. In application of ACTH on seven cases, we obtained dramatic effects on all of them this summer (1957). 2. We believe that the mechamism of ACTH actions are responsible to the diminution of inflammatory reactions in the brain. 3. We are now conducting a series of experiments with the use of animals, the results of which will be reported later.

By our method of bone marrow culture and peripheral leucocyte culture, the differentiation of leukemia from other diseases is simplified. By this method the acute form of leukemia can be differentiated from the chronic form, and the classification of leukemia by the leucocyte series becomes easy and exact. It is believed that this method is clinically quite useful.

First of all, we investigated the origin, the construction and distribution of the bronchial arteries and veins in adult rabbits, and then observed various changes of the blood vessels in experimental cavities and caseous foci and also studied the effects of streptomycin and isoniazide on the blood vessels of the cavity wall. The summary findings of the present experiments are described in the following. 1) In ten out of the fifteen rabbits emloyed, the bronchial artery originates from the right supreme intercostal artery; in three cases, in addition to this origin, it originates also from the left supreme intercostal artery; and in another case from the intercostal thoracic artery; while in the remaining one from the arc of the aorta. 2) The bronchial veins are divided into the extra-pulmonary and the intra-pulmonary veins. The former arises from the submucous blood vessels located in the proximal part of the third bronchus, and running along with the bronchial artery, finally empties into the superior Vena cava; while the latter, originating from the submucous capillaries in the distal part of the third bronchus, and after anastomosing with one another in the capsule of the bronchus, is communicated with the pulmonary veins. 3) In the caseous foci, although blood vessels are obliterated, capillaries are newly formed around the main trunks of the pulmonary artery and vein as well as around their residual branches. 4) These caseous foci are supplied with arterial blood from the bronchial arteries, the blood vessels in the bronchial wall, and the newlyformed vessels of pulmonary arterial origin. 5) The capillaries in the cavity wall are classified into three types according to their origins; namely, Type I, those regenerating from fine branches of the pulmonary vessels; Type Ⅱ, those regenerating from the main trunk of the pulmonary vessels; and Type Ⅲ, those regenerating from the bronchial artery situated in the orifice of the drainage bronchus. 6) The tuberculous cavities only in the orifice of the drainage bronchus receive an abundant supply of arterial blood directly from the bronchial artery, but those in other regions receive a scanty blood supply indirectly from the anastomoses between the bronchial artery, its sister vessels and the pulmonary artery. 7) The regeneration of blood vessels in tuberculous foci has been confirmed to occur not only in the bronchial artery and its sister blood vessels but also in the pulmonary artery and vein as well. 8) The constructions of blood vessels in the cavities treated with streptomycin or isoniazide present no significant difference from those of the control. 9) The regeneration of blood vessels and hyperemia in the cavity wall of the cases treated with streptomycin present no significant difference from those observed in the control, but the cases treated with isoniazide show marked hyperemia, newly-formed vessels, and occasional bleedings.

The two rare cases with a high fever and anemia as the chief complaints were confirmed to be acute basophilic leukemia on the basis of the following findings, namely, 1) Numerous basophiloblasts and immature basophilocytes were found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow picture, but there were few neutrophils. 2) By the culture of bone marrow in cover-slips the growth type to acute leukemia, these basophilocytes appearing in the growth zone were clearly distinguishable from neutrophils, eosinophils or monocytes by the modus of their movement and cellular structure. 3) In vitro fluid medium culture revealed that blasts decreased in number along with lapse of time whereas immature and mature basophilocytes increased in inverse proportion. Having encountered these two rare cases of acute basophilic leukemia and being able to autopsy one of them, the authors report their case findings and confirm the distinction of basophiloblasts. Judging from these findings, the authors are of the opinion that some modification seems to be in the offering as regard the Naegeli's myeloblast theory.

With the purpose to elucidate morphologically the site where fat synthesis takes place in the cell, electron-microscopic observation has been conducted on the interscapular brown fat tissue of mice at various periods of carbohydrate introduction after starvation. By starving mice, the depot lipids in the brown fat have been discharged almost completely, and the carbohydrate introduction has caused the biosynthesis of lipids from carbohydrtates in the same tissue. Observations on the tissues proved that the lipogenesis in the brown fat tissue cells takes place in the ground substance keeping the intimate correlation with the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the mitochondria.

The ascitic monocytes and subcutaneous cells and tissues of sensitized animals have been observed after exposing to antigen for the purpose of revealing the disintegration processes of the cells related with inflammation and it has been proved that the permeability of the cell membrane increases markedly resulting in the swelling of the cells at the moment when the cells come in contact with antigen. The localization of the antigen in the Arthus' phenomenon will be the results of the gelatination of the inter-cellular tissues and the swelling of cells. And it is indicated that the cell death accompanied by an allergic inflammation is caused by the increased permeability of the cell membrane which will result in the activation of the intra-cellular enzymes followed by the acute disintegration of the molecular structure of the cell and release of the so-called inflammatory substances.

Homogenous grafting of the ovary to patients of ovarian dysfunction all proved to be effective, but the degree of the effectiveness and the time of appearance of effect of the grafting were not fixed. Moreover, there was no relationship between the effectiveness of grafting and the type of blood. If the various conditions at the time of grafting are taken into· consideration as above mentioned, this operation utilizing as it does the ovary usually discarded at operation may be expected to bring about quite a satisfactory therapeutic result.

The grafting itself can be successful only when the type of blood between the recipient and the donor of the ovary meets the requirements for blood transfusion. In the case of success in the grafting, a marked activity of the grafted ovary can be observed about two months afterward by the vaginal smear method, but no cyclic phenomenon can be recognized nor biphasic picture suggestive of the progesterone activity in the basal body temperature.