This paper uses the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics to analyze the characteristics of China's population aging. On this basis, the paper introduces the operation status of long-term Care insurance system in Qingdao, Shandong and Nantong, Jiangsu. As an important barrier to the aging population, the long-term care insurance system has the advantages of using the market-oriented principle to reform the elderly care service market and realize the social distribution of the elderly’s maintenance responsibility. However, China’s long-term care insurance system, which is in the trial operation process, still has some drawbacks, we will be focusing on how to get rid of these shortcomings of the system as core issues of the reform.