start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=13
cd-vols=
no-issue=8
article-no=
start-page=5367
end-page=5381
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2023
dt-pub=20230213
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Convergent evolution of animal and microbial rhodopsins
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Rhodopsins, a family of photoreceptive membrane proteins, contain retinal as a chromophore and were firstly identified as reddish pigments from frog retina in 1876. Since then, rhodopsin-like proteins have been identified mainly from animal eyes. In 1971, a rhodopsin-like pigment was discovered from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum and named bacteriorhodopsin. While it was believed that rhodopsin- and bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins were expressed only in animal eyes and archaea, respectively, before the 1990s, a variety of rhodopsin-like proteins (called animal rhodopsins or opsins) and bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins (called microbial rhodopsins) have been progressively identified from various tissues of animals and microorganisms, respectively. Here, we comprehensively introduce the research conducted on animal and microbial rhodopsins. Recent analysis has revealed that the two rhodopsin families have common molecular properties, such as the protein structure (i.e., 7-transmembrane structure), retinal structure (i.e., binding ability to cis- and trans-retinal), color sensitivity (i.e., UV- and visible-light sensitivities), and photoreaction (i.e., triggering structural changes by light and heat), more than what was expected at the early stages of rhodopsin research. Contrastingly, their molecular functions are distinctively different (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors and photoisomerases for animal rhodopsins and ion transporters and phototaxis sensors for microbial rhodopsins). Therefore, based on their similarities and dissimilarities, we propose that animal and microbial rhodopsins have convergently evolved from their distinctive origins as multi-colored retinal-binding membrane proteins whose activities are regulated by light and heat but independently evolved for different molecular and physiological functions in the cognate organism.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KojimaKeiichi
en-aut-sei=Kojima
en-aut-mei=Keiichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SudoYuki
en-aut-sei=Sudo
en-aut-mei=Yuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=13
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=9580
end-page=9585
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20220725
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Annulative coupling of vinylboronic esters: aryne-triggered 1,2-metallate rearrangement
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=A stereoselective annulative coupling of a vinylboronic ester ate-complex with arynes producing cyclic borinic esters has been developed. An annulation reaction that proceeded through the formation of two C-C bonds and a C-B bond was realized by exploiting a 1,2-metallate rearrangement of boronate triggered by the addition of a vinyl group to the strained triple bond of an aryne. The generated aryl anion would then cyclize to a boron atom to complete the annulation cascade. The annulated borinic ester could be converted to boronic acids and their derivatives by oxidation, halogenation, and cross-coupling. Particularly, halogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling proceeded in a site-selective fashion and produced highly substituted alkylboronic acid derivatives.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MizoguchiHaruki
en-aut-sei=Mizoguchi
en-aut-mei=Haruki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KamadaHidetoshi
en-aut-sei=Kamada
en-aut-mei=Hidetoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MorimotoKazuki
en-aut-sei=Morimoto
en-aut-mei=Kazuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YoshidaRyuji
en-aut-sei=Yoshida
en-aut-mei=Ryuji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=SakakuraAkira
en-aut-sei=Sakakura
en-aut-mei=Akira
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=4
cd-vols=
no-issue=34
article-no=
start-page=13183
end-page=13193 
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2016
dt-pub=20160725
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Combination of solid state NMR and DFT calculation to elucidate the state of sodium in hard carbon electrodes 
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=We examined the state of sodium electrochemically inserted in HC prepared at 700–2000 °C using solid state Na magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR and multiple quantum (MQ) MAS NMR. The 23Na MAS NMR spectra of Na-inserted HC samples showed signals only in the range between +30 and −60 ppm. Each observed spectrum was ascribed to combinations of Na+ ions from the electrolyte, reversible ionic Na components, irreversible Na components assigned to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) or non-extractable sodium ions in HC, and decomposed Na compounds such as Na2CO3. No quasi-metallic sodium component was observed to be dissimilar to the case of Li inserted in HC. MQMAS NMR implies that heat treatment of HC higher than 1600 °C decreases defect sites in the carbon structure. To elucidate the difference in cluster formation between Na and Li in HC, the condensation mechanism and stability of Na and Li atoms on a carbon layer were also studied using DFT calculation. Na3 triangle clusters standing perpendicular to the carbon surface were obtained as a stable structure of Na, whereas Li2 linear and Li4 square clusters, all with Li atoms being attached directly to the surface, were estimated by optimization. Models of Na and Li storage in HC, based on the calculated cluster structures were proposed, which elucidate why the adequate heat treatment temperature of HC for high-capacity sodium storage is higher than the temperature for lithium storage.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MoritaRyohei
en-aut-sei=Morita
en-aut-mei=Ryohei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=GotohKazuma
en-aut-sei=Gotoh
en-aut-mei=Kazuma
kn-aut-name=後藤和馬
kn-aut-sei=後藤
kn-aut-mei=和馬
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=FukunishiMika
en-aut-sei=Fukunishi
en-aut-mei=Mika
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KubotaKei
en-aut-sei=Kubota
en-aut-mei=Kei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KomabaShinichi
en-aut-sei=Komaba
en-aut-mei=Shinichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=NishimuraNaoto
en-aut-sei=Nishimura
en-aut-mei=Naoto
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YumuraTakashi
en-aut-sei=Yumura
en-aut-mei=Takashi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

en-aut-name=DeguchiKenzo
en-aut-sei=Deguchi
en-aut-mei=Kenzo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OhkiShinobu
en-aut-sei=Ohki
en-aut-mei=Shinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ShimizueTadashi
en-aut-sei=Shimizue
en-aut-mei=Tadashi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IshidaHiroyuki
en-aut-sei=Ishida
en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki
kn-aut-name=石田祐之
kn-aut-sei=石田
kn-aut-mei=祐之
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科

affil-num=3
en-affil=Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
kn-affil=

affil-num=8
en-affil=National Institute for Materials Science
kn-affil=

affil-num=9
en-affil=National Institute for Materials Science
kn-affil=

affil-num=10
en-affil=National Institute for Materials Science
kn-affil=

affil-num=11
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科
END