start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=49 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=478 end-page=483 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190621 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Arousal from Tonic Immobility by Vibration Stimulus en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Tonic immobility (TI) is an effective anti-predator strategy. However, long immobility status on the ground increases the risk of being eaten by predators, and thus insects must rouse themselves when appropriate stimulation is provided. Here, the strength of vibration causing arousal from the state of TI was examined in strains artificially selected for longer duration of TI (L-strains: long sleeper) in a beetle. We provided different strengths of vibration stimuli to the long sleepers in Tribolium castaneum. Although immobilized beetles were never awakened by the stimuli from 0.01 to 0.12 mm in amplitude, almost of the beetles were aroused from immobilized status by the stimulus at 0.21 mm. There was a difference in sensitivity of individuals when the stimuli of 0.14 mm and 0.18 mm were provided. F2 individuals were also bred by crossing experiments of the strains selected for shorter and longer duration of TI. The arousal sensitivity to vibration was well separated in the F2 individuals. A positive relationship was observed between the duration of TI and the vibration amplitude, suggesting that immobilized beetles are difficult to arouse from a deep sleep, while light sleepers are easily aroused by even small vibrations. The results indicate a genetic basis for sensitivity to arousal from TI. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa en-aut-sei=Miyatake en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou en-aut-sei=Matsumura en-aut-mei=Kentarou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitayamaRyota en-aut-sei=Kitayama en-aut-mei=Ryota kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtsukiKeiichi en-aut-sei=Otsuki en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiYuhao en-aut-sei=Ji en-aut-mei=Yuhao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujisawaRyusuke en-aut-sei=Fujisawa en-aut-mei=Ryusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagayaNaohisa en-aut-sei=Nagaya en-aut-mei=Naohisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Kyoto Sangyo University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=School of Computer Science and Systems EngineeringKyushu Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Kyoto Sangyo University kn-affil= en-keyword=Beetle kn-keyword=Beetle en-keyword=Crossing experiment kn-keyword=Crossing experiment en-keyword=Death feigning kn-keyword=Death feigning en-keyword=Selection experiment kn-keyword=Selection experiment en-keyword=Thanatosis kn-keyword=Thanatosis en-keyword=Tribolium kn-keyword=Tribolium END