start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=342 end-page=347 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of Image and Layered Structure on Web Search Performance -Evaluation on the Basis of Movement Distance of Mouse Pointer- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of image addition and layered structure on Web search performance on the basis of the search time and the movement trajectory of mouse pointer. The difference of search characteristics between young and older adults was also examined. Older adults tended to take more time to search for the linked item especially when the layered structure was deep. For the deep layered structure, both young and older adults allocate more time to think which items should be selected than to operate a mouse. For all participants, less mouse movement was observed for the image-based link condition than for the character-based link condition. This tendency was more remarkable for older adults. Moreover, it was clarified that more mouse movement was observed with the increase of the number of hyperlinks per Web page. When the layered structure was shallow, the following difference of mouse operation characteristics between young and older adults was observed: Older adults made an attempt to locate the search item while moving a mouse simultaneously. On the other hand, young adults began to move a mouse after locating the search item. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayamiTakehito en-aut-sei=Hayami en-aut-mei=Takehito kn-aut-name=早見武人 kn-aut-sei=早見 kn-aut-mei=武人 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahashiRina kn-aut-sei=Takahashi kn-aut-mei=Rina aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Japan Digital Laboratory Co. Ltd. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=336 end-page=341 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Comparison of Performance among Different Situations of Operation in Web Display - Comparison of Behavioral Features between Young and Older Adults - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In order to clarify the situation where older adults feel inconvenient when carrying out various Web operations, the differences of Web search behavior between young and older adults were examined using Web sites with different layered structures. The following two situations were used to address the issue above: (1) operation of a "Back" button, and (2) operation of a hyperlink. When the operation of "Back" button was necessary, the task completion time of older adults was 2.3 times as long as that of young adults. Such a difference must be obtained, because older adults need more time to recognize and understand the layered structure. When operation "Back" button in a raw, the task completion time of older adults was 3.9 times as long as that of young adults. Moreover, the task completion time of older adults increased in case of searching in the deep layered Web site due to the slower and declined cognition and judgment. When selecting a hyperlink, the task completion time of older adults was 12.1 times as long as that of young adults. On the basis of this tendency, we inferred that older adults took more time and became more careful when selecting a hyperlink. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahashiRina kn-aut-sei=Takahashi kn-aut-mei=Rina aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Japan Digital Laboratory Co. Ltd. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=330 end-page=335 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of Thumb-Operated Dial-Type Integrated Switch for Automobile and its Effectiveness en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A thumb-operated dial-type integrated switch for automobile use was developed, and the task completion time for this type of integrated switch was compared with that for a traditional integrated switch. The rotation torque of an encoder and the rotation diameter were selected as experimental parameters. An attempt was made to identify the optimal and recommended condition of rotation torque and diameter. It was demonstrated that the thumb-operated dial-type integrated switch lead to faster task completion time as compared with the traditional integrated switch. As for the thumb-operated dial-type integrated switch, the following combination of the rotation torque and the rotation diameter were not proper: diameter of 20mm for the rotation torque of 12.9mN・m and 9.2mN・m, and diameters of 20mm and 40mm for the rotation torque of 8.6 mN・m. It was also suggested that the optimal condition cannot be identified using the condition of the rotation force only, and that the optimal condition must be determined taking into account the combination of the rotation torque and the rotation diameter. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=WangShuguang kn-aut-sei=Wang kn-aut-mei=Shuguang aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=320 end-page=325 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Fundamental study for constructing a system to assist the left visual field of older drivers - Effectiveness of the alternative of the left front side-view mirror by the central visual field - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is to establish the basics of the systems that assist visibility of the left visual field for older drivers. The display was located either the left which corresponded to a left side mirror, or within the central effective visual field. Participants performed multiple tasks where tracking task using a steering wheel was a primary task, and judgment of situations using a left or front display was a secondary task. How the display location affected the judgment performance was explored for both young and older adults. We counted the number of the warning during the tracking task and measured the percentage correct reaction to displayed stimulus and reaction sensitivity. We investigated how these measures ware affected by age and display location. Mean warning number during the tracking tasks, the percentage correct recognition of situations and d' was affected age and display location. The central display was found to increase the percentage correct recognitions of situations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaYohei en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Yohei kn-aut-name=内田洋平 kn-aut-sei=内田 kn-aut-mei=洋平 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=316 end-page=319 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Skill of Eye-Hand Coordination in Calligraphy - Difference of Skill of Hand-Eye Coordination between Expert and Novice - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A system that can simultaneously measure the movement of a brush tip and the eye-gaze position during a calligraphy task has been developed. The system consisted of a device to measure the location of a brush tip and an eye tracker. Using this system, the skill of hand-eye coordination was measured for an expert and novices. It has been clarified that an expert of calligraphy distributes the eye-gaze over a wider area and gazes in advance a part that should be written next. In other words, an expert does not gaze at the brush tip but at the part that should be written at the next stage. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoGoshiro en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Goshiro kn-aut-name=山本豪士朗 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=豪士朗 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=312 end-page=315 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Basic study on relationship between SI, EI and human error characteristics en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, accidents or scandals due to organizational violation-based error frequently occur. One of the causes might be maladjustment to environmental changes surrounding organization from relief to global society. In this study, the following proposition was hypothesized: Social intelligence (SI), ability to evaluate appropriately the reliability of others, ability to carry out communication smoothly in organization, and emotional aspects (behavior on the basis of emotion or reasonability) are important factors and keys to prevent violation-based organizational error. A questionnaire which included items related to social intelligence (SI: social awareness and social facility), emotional intelligence (EI), ability to evaluate the reliability of others, ability to communicate smoothly in organization, behavioral characteristics (emotional- or reasonability-based behavior), and ability to make decisions and judge situations. An attempt was made to verify the hypothesis above by a survey using the questionnaire. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKohei en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name=山本康平 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=康平 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=306 end-page=311 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effectiveness of the menu selection method for eye-gaze input system - Comparison between young and older adults - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Although the opportunity of older adults to use personal computer is increased more and more, the operation of a personal computer with a mouse is very annoying for older adults who cannot move his or her arm smoothly and effectively due to declined motor function. An attempt to move a cursor by an eye-gaze input system has been carried out as one solution to this problem. Until now, a menu selection method suitable for an eye-gaze input system has not been clarified. In this study, an effective menu selection for the eye-gaze input system was identified as a basic design parameter to develop a Web browser using an eye-gaze input system. Concretely, a menu selection method, that is, improved quick glance menu selection (I-QGMS) was proposed. The effectiveness was evaluated by means of the pointing accuracy, the pointing time, and the psychological rating on usability. On the basis of the evaluation experiment, the proposed I-QGMS was found to be effective especially for older adults. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=302 end-page=305 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Basic Study for Development of Web Browser suitable for Eye-gaze Input System - Identification of Optimal Click Method - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, alternative methods of mouse click operation were discussed. The eye-gaze input system was used. The effectiveness was compared among three alternative methods of mouse click operation. The alternative methods in the eye-gaze input system included the eye fixation, the press of space button, and the wink (blink). The percentage correct recognition, the pointing time, the subjective evaluation of usability was used as evaluation measures. The arrangement of targets (vertical or horizontal) and the age were also considered as experimental factors, and it was explored how these factors affected the pointing performance. The percentage correct recognition of the horizontal direction was higher than that of the vertical direction. The pointing time became longer as follows: eye-gaze input system with eye fixation, mouse, eye-gaze input system with press of space button, and eye-gaze input system with wink. The age factor was found not to affect the pointing time so remarkably. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=326 end-page=329 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Educational plans in nursing departments The current state of nurse development en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=With the recent diversification of career paths in nursing, the establishment of a career development plan (CDP) system for nurses is becoming more important for improving the quality of nursing. The present study, conducted on chief nurses in general hospitals in Japan, aimed to ascertain how nursing education fosters the individual career development of nurses. As a result, We understood the next matter. 1) Training for mid-level nurses is provided by most hospitals, primarily in the form of in-hospital training. 2) More than 90% of the hospitals surveyed provided individual counseling for career development, either as needed or periodically. 3) The proportion of hospitals with fewer than 200 nurses that prepared individual educational plans was 7%; the proportion of hospitals with more than 210 nurses that prepared individual educational plans was 24% on average.4) By taking into account "nurse development", job rotation is viewed as part of nursing education. Next, we proposed the new method for evaluation of CDP to individual nurses using N-S table. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OzawaYukio kn-aut-sei=Ozawa kn-aut-mei=Yukio aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KitaokaMasatoshi kn-aut-sei=Kitaoka kn-aut-mei=Masatoshi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanagawa University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanagawa University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=296 end-page=301 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Automatic Construction of Accurate Image Processing using AdaBoost en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Image processing and recognition technologies are required to solve various problems. We have already proposed the system which automatically constructs image processing with Genetic Programming (GP), Automatic Construction of Tree-structural Image Transformation (ACTIT). However, it is difficult to construct an accurate image processing for all training image sets if they have various characteristics. In this paper, we propose ACTIT-Boost which automatically constructs an accurate image processing by employing Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) to ACTIT. It learns training image sets and their areas which are difficultly approximated to target images in particular. We show experimentally that ACTIT-Boost is more effective in comparison with ordinary ACTIT. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AndoJun kn-aut-sei=Ando kn-aut-mei=Jun aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NagaoTomoharu kn-aut-sei=Nagao kn-aut-mei=Tomoharu aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yokohama National University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yokohama National University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=290 end-page=295 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Rule Extraction by Genetic Programming with Clustered Terminal Symbols en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=When Genetic Programming (GP) is applied to rule extraction from databases, the attributes of the data are often used for the terminal symbols. However, in the case of the database with a large number of attributes, the search space becomes vast because the size of the terminal set increases. As a result, the search performance declines. For improving the search performance, we propose new methods for dealing with the large-scale terminal set. In the methods, the terminal symbols are clustered based on the similarities of the attributes. In the beginning of search, by reducing the number of terminal symbols, the rough and rapid search is performed. In the latter stage of search, by using the original attributes for terminal symbols, the local search is performed. By comparison with the conventional GP, the proposed methods showed the faster evolutional speed and extracted more accurate classification rules. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HaraAkira kn-aut-sei=Hara kn-aut-mei=Akira aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaHaruko kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Haruko aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahamaTetsuyuki kn-aut-sei=Takahama kn-aut-mei=Tetsuyuki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=284 end-page=289 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Extended ISM for Globally Multimodal Function Optimization by Genetic Algorithms en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=When attempting to optimize a function where exists several big-valley structures, conventional GAs often fail to find the global optimum. Innately Split Model (ISM) is a framework of GAs, which is designed to avoid this phenomenon called UV-Phenomenon. However, ISM doesn't care about previously-searched areas by the past populations. Thus, it is possible that populations of ISM waste evaluation cost for redundant searches reaching previously-found optima. In this paper, we introduce Extended ISM (EISM) that uses search information of past populations as trap to suppress overlapping searches. To show performance of EISM, we apply it to some test functions, and analyze the behavior. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KaratsuNaoya kn-aut-sei=Karatsu kn-aut-mei=Naoya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NagataYuichi kn-aut-sei=Nagata kn-aut-mei=Yuichi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OnoIsao kn-aut-sei=Ono kn-aut-mei=Isao aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KobayashiShigenobu kn-aut-sei=Kobayashi kn-aut-mei=Shigenobu aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Institute of Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Institute of Technology affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Institute of Technology affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Institute of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=278 end-page=283 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Creating Singing Vocal Expressions by means of Interactive Evolutionary Computation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Today, researches for singing by computer have attracted attention. VOCALOID is an application to realize that aim. By inputing lyrics and melody, users can make songs sung by the computer. In order to make the singing voice more "human", users must control frequency curve very carefully. Comparing with inputing lyrics or melody, this controlling presents heavy overhead for users. In this research, we propose a system for easily optimizing frequency curves. This system searches for parameters with a type of GA called Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC). On the other hand, the system using IEC has a phase for users to evaluate, we need to consider the tiredness of users. This tiredness is connected to the effectiveness of the search with GA. In this research, for the analysis of the tiredness of users, we evaluated the convergence performance of GA to fit the goal which is known in advance. As a result, we found that our method has better convergence performance than a previous method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=WatanabeAkio kn-aut-sei=Watanabe kn-aut-mei=Akio aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanjiMakoto kn-aut-sei=Tanji kn-aut-mei=Makoto aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IbaHitoshi kn-aut-sei=Iba kn-aut-mei=Hitoshi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=The University of Tokyo affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=The University of Tokyo affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=The University of Tokyo END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=274 end-page=277 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=On a generalization of concavity by some aggregation functions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we discuss the generalization of concavity on the subclass of the set of all membership functions, each function belonging to the subclass characterizes one convex fuzzy set respectively. The generalization is based on conjunctive aggregation functions. And the properties are investigated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KonMasamichi kn-aut-sei=Kon kn-aut-mei=Masamichi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KuwanoHiroaki kn-aut-sei=Kuwano kn-aut-mei=Hiroaki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hirosaki University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kanazawa Gakuin University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=270 end-page=273 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Asymptotic convergence analysis of the proximal point algorithm for metrically regular mappings en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper studies convergence properties of the proximal point algorithm when applied to a certain class of nonmonotone set-valued mappings. We consider an algorithm for solving an inclusion 0 ∈ T(x), where T is a metrically regular set-valued mapping acting from R(n) into R(m). The algorithm is given by the follwoing iteration: x(0) ∈ R(n) and x(k+1) = α(k)x(k) + (1 - α(k))y(k), for k = 0, 1, 2, ..., where {α(k)} is a sequence in [0, 1] such that α(k) ≤ α < 1, g(k) is a Lipschitz mapping from R(n) into R(m) and y(k) satisfies the following inclusion 0 ∈ g(k)(y(k)) - g(k)(x(k)) + T(y(k)). We prove that if the modulus of regularity of T is sufficiently small then the sequence generated by our algorithm converges to a solution to 0 ∈ T(x). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsushitaShin-ya kn-aut-sei=Matsushita kn-aut-mei=Shin-ya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LiXu kn-aut-sei=Li kn-aut-mei=Xu aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Akita Prefectural University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Akita Prefectural University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=267 end-page=269 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Set optimization theory and its applications en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We study an optimization problem which is called a set optimization problem. We investigate the dual space of an ordered vector space in which the set optimization problem is embedded, and characterize the dual problem. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KuroiwaDaishi kn-aut-sei=Kuroiwa kn-aut-mei=Daishi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Shimane University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=264 end-page=266 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Set containment characterization and mathematical programming en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, many researchers studied set containment characterizations. In this paper, we introduce some set containment characterizations for quasiconvex programming. Furthermore, we show a duality theorem for quasiconvex programming by using set containment characterizations. Notions of quasiconjugate for quasiconvex functions, especially 1, -1-quasiconjugate, 1-semiconjugate, H-quasiconjugate and R-quasiconjugate, play important roles to derive characterizations of the set containments. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SuzukiSatoshi kn-aut-sei=Suzuki kn-aut-mei=Satoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KuroiwaDaishi kn-aut-sei=Kuroiwa kn-aut-mei=Daishi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Shimane University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Shimane University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=258 end-page=263 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Design method of Cockpit module in consideration of switch type, location of switch and display information for older drivers en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, the effects of switch type, location of switch, and display information on the primary driving task and the secondary switch operation were investigated. The switch type included an integrated and a non-integrated switch. These switches were located on the front left, on the left side, or around a steering wheel. We prepared three displays with different display information (2.0, 4.1, and 5.9 bit). The tracking error, the mean operation time, the percentage of correct answer, NASA-TLX mental workload, and the subjective evaluation of usability were measured in order to analyze how these measures were affected by experimental factors above. The results suggested that young adults are better than older adults at both abilities on processing displayed information and operating switches. The integrated switch was found to affect driving performance than the non-integrated switch, and had little influence on switch operation. In addition, it was clarified that the switch located around a steering wheel had little influence on driving performance. Low display information was also found not to affect the performance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaKeita en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Keita kn-aut-name=山田啓太 kn-aut-sei=山田 kn-aut-mei=啓太 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=254 end-page=257 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Visual information processing characteristics of drivers in prediction of dangerous situation - Comparison among novice, expert and non-licensed person - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to examine the difference of visual information processing in KYT (Kiken Yochi Training) among novice, expert and non-licensed persons. In KYT tasks, participants were required to search for a potentially dangerous part using a static image under driving situations. The location of fixation point and the time series change of eye gaze were measured using an eye camera. In order to detect the difference of visual information processing among three groups above, an important area that the participants must pay attention to with the highest priority was set for each static image. The time until the eye gaze fixates to the important area, and the ratio of the fixation time to the total search time were detected. Using these measures, the difference of visual information processing among three groups was clarified. Moreover, for novice and non-licensed participants, it was also explored whether a lecture related to KYT would improve the efficiency of visual information processing. The time until the eye gaze fixates to the important area was longer for the non-licensed participants than for the experienced participants. The learning effect by means of a KYT lecture was also observed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayamiTakehito en-aut-sei=Hayami en-aut-mei=Takehito kn-aut-name=早見武人 kn-aut-sei=早見 kn-aut-mei=武人 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=248 end-page=253 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Prevention of drowsy driving by means of warning sound en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Traffic accidents occur due to inattentive driving such as drowsy driving. A variety of support systems that make an attempt to prevent inattentive driving are under development. The development of a system to prevent drowsy driving using auditory or tactile alarm system is undertaken. It is essential to detect the low arousal state and warn drivers of such a state so that drowsy can be prevented. EEG (Electroencephalography) was used to evaluate how an arousal level degraded with time for eight participants under a low arousal level. Mean power frequency (MPF) was calculated to evaluate an arousal level. The value of MPF was compared between high and low arousal levels. The difference of arousal effect among four warning sounds was examined. As a result, there was no significant difference of arousal effect among four alarm sounds. The alarm sound was found to temporarily heighten participants' arousal level. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsudaYusuke en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name=松田佑介 kn-aut-sei=松田 kn-aut-mei=佑介 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=242 end-page=247 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Basic study on effectiveness of tactile interface for warning presentation in driving environment en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to get insight into the development of tactile interface for automobile warning system. In other words, it was investigated whether the important driving information in the right and left peripheral visual fields can be recognized faster using tactile warning system as compared with auditory warning system. The participants were required to simultaneously carry out a tracking task (main task), a switch pressing task such as selection of light-on function, and a judgment task of important information which randomly appeared to the right or left peripheral visual field. The tracking error, the number of lane deviation, the percentage correct of switch pressing, and the response time to right and left peripheral stimulus were measured. It was examined how age, the modality of alarm presentation (no alarm, auditory, and tactile), the addition of direction in alarm presentation, and the existence of disturbance sound, and the location of tactile sensor (steering or foot) affected the measures above. The young adults performed better than older adults. The response time was not affected by the modality of alarm presentation, and the disturbance sound. The addition of direction of alarm presentation affected the performance. The tactile sensor attached to the foot led to faster response than that attached to the steering wheel. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaKohki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Kohki kn-aut-name=田中弘毅 kn-aut-sei=田中 kn-aut-mei=弘毅 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=236 end-page=241 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of location of information presentation in pedestrian detection system on visibility and performance en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A few pedestrian warning systems for automobiles are in practical use. It has not been clarified where is best suited for the location of pedestrian information presentation. The most effective location of information presentation in pedestrian detection system was investigated. In other words, the location that assured the fastest cognition of pedestrian information was clarified. The locations of information presentation in pedestrian detection system were front glass, front display of cockpit module, and left side display of cockpit module (like car navigation system). The participants were required to pay attention to the predetermined front area as well as the randomly presented pedestrian information while carrying out a virtual driving task (tracking task) and a secondary switch pressing task such as selection of wiper function. We also investigated the effect of alarm sound presented to the participants together with the visual pedestrian information on the cognition time of pedestrian information. As a result, the front glass was most suitable for the presentation of pedestrian information. The presentation of pedestrian information to the front glass led to high visibility and faster pedestrian cognition time. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AratamaShinsaku en-aut-sei=Aratama en-aut-mei=Shinsaku kn-aut-name=新玉晋作 kn-aut-sei=新玉 kn-aut-mei=晋作 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=230 end-page=235 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Simultaneous Optimization of a Wheeled Mobile Robot Structure and a Control Parameter en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A wheeled mobile mechanism with a passive and/or active linkage mechanism for traveling in the outdoor environment is developed and evaluated. In our previous research, we developed a wheeled mobile robot which has six wheels and a passive linkage mechanism, and its maneuverability was experimentally verified. The ability to climb over a 0.20 [m] high bump, which is twice height of the wheel diameter of 0.10 [m], was achieved, and the mobile robot can climb up continuous steps of 0.15 [m] high. In this research, we optimized the mobile robot linkage mechanisms and a controller parameter by evolutionary algorithm and dynamics engine in numerical simulations. The evolutionary algorithm employed in this research is Genetic Algorithm, and Open Dynamics Engine is used for dynamics calculation. To optimize the linkage mechanism and a controller parameter, we investigated outdoor environment for the mobile robot, for example obstacles, steps, and stairs. And, we selected typical three kinds of outdoor environments, 0.20 [m] high bump, right angle stairs of 0.15 [m] high, and angled stairs of 0.15 [m] high. In the numerical simulations, though the mobile robot using parameters which express our existing robot could climb up/down the 0.20 [m] high bump, but it could not achieve climbing up/down the two kinds of stairs. On the other hand, the optimized parameter mobile robot could climb up/down the three kinds of typical environments. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SatoMasanori kn-aut-sei=Sato kn-aut-mei=Masanori aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KandaAtsushi kn-aut-sei=Kanda kn-aut-mei=Atsushi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshiiKazuo kn-aut-sei=Ishii kn-aut-mei=Kazuo aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Fukuoka Industry, Science & Technology Foundation affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=225 end-page=229 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Adaptive Skin Color Prediction Using Multi Skin Color Models en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, a new skin color detection method, in which a skin color model for a given image is adequately selected from a set of models to realize adaptive detection, is proposed. In the proposed method, multiple skin color models are tuned by a learning based on a concept of self-organizing adaptive controller. The skin color models for various lighting conditions can be obtained from small number of images. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HorioKeiichi kn-aut-sei=Horio kn-aut-mei=Keiichi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatayamaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Katayama kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=224 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Morphological Associative Memory Employing A Stored Pattern Independent Kernel Image and Its Hardware Model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=An associative memory provides a convenient way for pattern retrieval and restoration, which has an important role for handling data distorted with noise. As an effective associative memory, we paid attention to a morphological associative memory (MAM) proposed by Ritter. The model is superior to ordinary associative memory models in terms of calculation amount, memory capacity, and perfect recall rate. However, in general, the kernel design becomes difficult as the stored pattern increases because the kernel uses a part of each stored pattern. In this paper, we propose a stored pattern independent kernel design method for the MAM and design the MAM employing the proposed kernel design with a standard digital manner in parallel architecture for acceleration. We confirm the validity of the proposed kernel design method by auto- and hetero-association experiments and investigate the efficiency of the hardware acceleration. A high-speed operation (more than 150 times in comparison with software execution) is achieved in the custom hardware. The proposed model works as an intelligent pre-processor for the Brain-Inspired Systems (Brain-IS) working in real world. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HaradaHidetaka kn-aut-sei=Harada kn-aut-mei=Hidetaka aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SaekiTakashi kn-aut-sei=Saeki kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MikiTsutomu kn-aut-sei=Miki kn-aut-mei=Tsutomu aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=213 end-page=218 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Real-Time Visal Motion Detection by Spatiotemporal Energy Model Implemented on GPU en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study is to develop a real-time visual motion detection system by using physiologically meaningful image processing algorithm. Spatiotemporal energy model has been recognized as the most plausible algorithm corresponding to the jobs in motion detection performed by simple and complex cells existing in area V1 of cats or macaque monkeys. Because of the parallelism of the brain, this algorithm inherently has high parallel performance. Together with the locality, spatiotemporal Gabor filtering and succeeding energy extraction process fit with the architecture of present GPU (Graphic Processing Unit). Enabling real-time motion detection at each pixel location over the entire input image is fundamental in many applications as for instances in robotics vision and carmounted camera. This system, moreover, is open for further expansion based on the physiological knowledge about mammalian visual system. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HanazawaAkitoshi kn-aut-sei=Hanazawa kn-aut-mei=Akitoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyushu Institute of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=208 end-page=212 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Extension of Decision Tree Algorithm for Stream Data Mining Using Real Data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, because of increasing amount of data in the society, data stream mining targeting large scale data has attracted attention. The data mining is a technology of discovery new knowledge and patterns from the massive amounts of data, and what the data correspond to data stream is data stream mining. In this paper, we propose the feature selection with online decision tree. At first, we construct online type decision tree to regard credit card transaction data as data stream on data stream mining. At second, we select attributes thought to be important for detection of illegal use. We apply VFDT (Very Fast Decision Tree learner) algorithm to online type decision tree construction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MinegishiTatsuya kn-aut-sei=Minegishi kn-aut-mei=Tatsuya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IseMasayuki kn-aut-sei=Ise kn-aut-mei=Masayuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NiimiAyahiko kn-aut-sei=Niimi kn-aut-mei=Ayahiko aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KonishiOsamu kn-aut-sei=Konishi kn-aut-mei=Osamu aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=202 end-page=207 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Feature Selection in Large Scale Data Stream for Credit Card Fraud Detection en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=There is increased interest in accurate model acquisition from large scale data streams. In this paper, because we have focused attention on time-oriented variation, we propose a method contracting time-series data for data stream. Additionally, our proposal method employs the combination of plural simple contraction method and original features. In this experiment, we treat a real data stream in credit card transactions because it is large scale and difficult to classify. This experiment yields that this proposal method improves classification performance according to training data. However, this proposal method needs more generality. Hence, we'll improve generality with employing the suitable combination of a contraction method and a feature for the feature in our proposal method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IseMasayuki kn-aut-sei=Ise kn-aut-mei=Masayuki aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NiimiAyahiko kn-aut-sei=Niimi kn-aut-mei=Ayahiko aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KonishiOsamu kn-aut-sei=Konishi kn-aut-mei=Osamu aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University Hakodate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=196 end-page=201 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Community Graph Sequence with Sequence Data of Network Structured Data en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, there has been increasing interest in data analysis for network structured data. The network structured data is represented the relation between one data and other data by graph structure. There are many network structured data such as social networks, biological networks in the real world. In this study, we will analysis the network structured data that has dynamic relation and complex interact with each data. And, we will approach the problem that is to extract transition pattern from the history of temporal change in their network structured data. Especially, in this paper, we will apply community graph sequences to graph sequences of network structured data that has large-scale and complex changes, and propose the method of extracting transition pattern of network structured data. We used social bookmark data as the data streams of analysis object and verified that social bookmark data is the network structured data that has large-scale and complex change. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTakehiro kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Takehiro aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NiimiAyahiko kn-aut-sei=Niimi kn-aut-mei=Ayahiko aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=192 end-page=195 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Medical Diagnosis Support System with Intelligent Multiagent Techniques by Performance Differential Difference en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Multiagent technologies enable us to explore their sociological and psychological foundations. A medical diagnostic support system is built using this. Moreover, We think that the data inputted can acquire higher diagnostic accuracy by sorting out using a determination table. In this paper, the recurrence diagnostic system of cancer is built and the output error of Multiagent learning method into the usual Neural Network and a Rough Neural Network and Genetic Programming be compared. The data of the prostatic cancer offered by the medical institution and a renal cancer was used for verification of a system. Inspection data of the renal cancer consist of special data. We think improvement of the precision of a system which using the data from initial value of the network. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NakanoKazuyoshi kn-aut-sei=Nakano kn-aut-mei=Kazuyoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiDaisuke kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Daisuke aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatayamaFumiyo kn-aut-sei=Katayama kn-aut-mei=Fumiyo aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahashiMuneo kn-aut-sei=Takahashi kn-aut-mei=Muneo aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama en-keyword=Intelligent Multiagent System kn-keyword=Intelligent Multiagent System en-keyword=Neural Networks kn-keyword=Neural Networks en-keyword=Medical Diagnostic Support System kn-keyword=Medical Diagnostic Support System END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=186 end-page=191 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Applying Cluster Ensemble to Adaptive Tree Structured Clustering en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Adaptive tree structured clustering (ATSC) is our proposed divisive hierarchical clustering method that recursively divides a data set into 2 subsets using self-organizing feature map (SOM). In each partition, the data set is quantized by SOM and the quantized data is divided using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. ATSC can divide data sets regardless of data size in feasible time. On the other hand clustering result stability of ATSC is equally unstable as other divisive hierarchical clustering and partitioned clustering methods. In this paper, we apply cluster ensemble for each data partition of ATSC in order to improve stability. Cluster ensemble is a framework for improving partitioned clustering stability. As a result of applying cluster ensemble, ATSC yields unique clustering results that could not be yielded by previous hierarchical clustering methods. This is because a different class distances function is used in each division in ATSC. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTakashi kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NoguchiYuki kn-aut-sei=Noguchi kn-aut-mei=Yuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MackinKenneth J. kn-aut-sei=Mackin kn-aut-mei=Kenneth J. aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=182 end-page=185 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of State of Eye Movements before Saccade on Efficiency of Response to Stimulus - Comparison of Search Efficiency between Fixation and Smooth Pursuit Situations - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this study, how the state of eye movement before saccade affected the response to a stimulus was explored. The state of eye movement before saccade was either smooth pursuit or fixation. The smooth pursuit was carried out both clockwise and counter-clockwise. Using an eye-tracking system, the eye movement during the experimental task was monitored. The response time to a stimulus was measured. On the basis of the eye movement data (coordinate), the eye movement velocity, the eye movement acceleration, and the latency of eye movement were obtained. When smooth pursuit was carried out before saccade, the response to a stimulus which appears as a result of saccade was faster. More concretely, the response time of smooth pursuit condition was faster than that of fixation condition. The latency of the smooth pursuit condition tended to be faster than that of the fixation condition. Some implications for the application of the results to the traffic safety or automotive ergonomics were given. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HayamiTakehito en-aut-sei=Hayami en-aut-mei=Takehito kn-aut-name=早見武人 kn-aut-sei=早見 kn-aut-mei=武人 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=176 end-page=181 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Development of the Computer Aided Remanufacturing System (CARES) Part I: Software Development (Phase I) and a Simulation Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The environment bills that passed by the legislators triggered a new dimension towards the manufacturers to consider producing eco – friendly product. This paper presents the developed software of the remanufacturing evaluation system so-called "Computer – Aided Remanufacturing Evaluation System (CARES)". The software is developed by integrating an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with case based reasoning (AHP – CBR) approach. The result of the simulation study showed that the maximum similarity between the input case and the retrieve case is 80%. The evaluation system recommended that mirror cover, mirror base and mirror holder should be remanufactured. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=GhazalliZakri kn-aut-sei=Ghazalli kn-aut-mei=Zakri aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=170 end-page=175 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Proposal for Town Development in Aged Society en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=According to the Aged day commemorative report issued in September of 2007 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication, the population of over sixty five years old attained the historical record high of 27.44 million or 21.5% of total population. On the other hand, the many of shopping malls with large parking have been located in suburbs with expanding of suburban residential area and the effect of motorization. In addition, the growth of remote shopping such as internet and catalog one, helps accelerate the decline of old shopping malls. However, these malls give the only one life-line to the elder and disabled population. In this paper, we discuss on the way of maintaining this life-line for elder and disabled one from the study of questionnaire surveys for visitors of two shopping mall in Wakamatsu-ward and Tobata-ward, Kitakyushu, the gate way city to Kitakyushu in Fukuoka Prefecture. Some of methodology is proposed to facilitate revitalization of local areas as the result of this study. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoTetsuko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Tetsuko kn-aut-name=松尾哲子 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=哲子 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=164 end-page=169 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Production lot size models for perishable seasonal products en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Seasonal items like fruits, fish, winter cosmetics, fashion apparel, etc. generally exhibits different demand patterns at various times during the season. Production and inventory planning must reflect this property for cost effectiveness and optimization of resources. This paper presents two production-inventory models for perishable seasonal products that minimize total inventory costs. The models obtains optimal production run time and optimal production quantity for cases when the production rate is constant and when it is allowed to vary with demand. The products are assumed to deteriorate at an exponential rate and demand for them follows a three-phase ramp type pattern during the season. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are carried out. Production run time and production quantity obtained by the model were found to be independent of cost parameters. The variable production rate strategy was also found to give lower inventory costs and production quantity than the constant production rate strategy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IbraheemAbdul kn-aut-sei=Ibraheem kn-aut-mei=Abdul aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=158 end-page=163 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An optimal EOQ model for perishable products with varying demand pattern en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The demand pattern for most perishable products varies during their life cycle in the market. These variations must be properly reflected in inventory management in order to prevent unnecessary stock-out or excess inventory with associated increase in cost. In this paper, a multi-period economic order quantity (EOQ) model for managing the inventory of perishable items having varying demand pattern is presented. The model was formulated using a general ramp-type demand function that allows three-phase variation in demand pattern. These phases represent the growth, the steady and the decline phases commonly experienced by the demand for most products during their life cycle in the market. The model generates replenishment policies that guarantees optimal inventory cost for all the phases. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis were carried out to demonstrate the suitability of the model for a wide range of seasonal products. Result of the experiments revealed that the points at which demand pattern changes are critical points in managing inventory of products with ramp type demand. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IbraheemAbdul kn-aut-sei=Ibraheem kn-aut-mei=Abdul aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=153 end-page=157 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Variable Gain Type PID Control Using PSO for Ultrasonic Motor en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ultrasonic motor exhibits non-linearity that relates the input (Phase difference) and output (Velocity). It also causes serious characteristic changes during operation. PID control has been widely used as the design scheme for USM. However, it is difficult for the conventional PID control to compensate such characteristic changes of the plant and non-linearity. To overcome this problem, we propose a variable gain type PID control in which PID gains are optimized using a particle swarm optimization (PSO). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=RahmanFaridah A. kn-aut-sei=Rahman kn-aut-mei=Faridah A. aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MurataYusuke kn-aut-sei=Murata kn-aut-mei=Yusuke aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaKanya kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Kanya aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishimuraYuki kn-aut-sei=Nishimura kn-aut-mei=Yuki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=UchikadoShigeru kn-aut-sei=Uchikado kn-aut-mei=Shigeru aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OsaYasuhiro kn-aut-sei=Osa kn-aut-mei=Yasuhiro aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo Denki University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Kobe City College of Technology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=147 end-page=152 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Improved Scheme for Interest Mining Based on a Reconfiguration of the Peer-to-Peer Overlay en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Tan et al. proposed a scheme to improve the quality of a file search in unstructured Peer-to-Peer systems by focusing on the similarity of interest of the participating peers. Although it certainly improves the cost/performance ratio of a simple flooding-based scheme used in conventional systems, the Tan's method has a serious drawback such that a query cannot reach a target peer if a requesting peer is not connected with the target peer through a path consisting of peers to have similar interest to the given query. In order to overcome such drawback of the Tan's method, we propose a scheme to reconfigure the underlying network in such a way that a requesting peer has a neighbor interested in the given query, before transmitting a query to its neighbors. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation. The result of simulation indicates that it certainly overcomes the drawback of the Tan's method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AokiNaomi kn-aut-sei=Aoki kn-aut-mei=Naomi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=FujitaSatoshi kn-aut-sei=Fujita kn-aut-mei=Satoshi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=143 end-page=146 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evolving FPS Game Players by Using Continuous EDA-RL en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper extends EDA-RL, Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning Problems, to continuous domain. The extended EDA-RL is used to constitiute FPS game players. In order to cope with continuous input-output relations, Gaussian Network is employed as in EBNA. Simulation results on Unreal Tournament 2004, one of major FPS games, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TsubotaHajime kn-aut-sei=Tsubota kn-aut-mei=Hajime aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HandaHisashi en-aut-sei=Handa en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=半田久志 kn-aut-sei=半田 kn-aut-mei=久志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=137 end-page=142 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Agent-based Simulation Analysis for Network Formation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we conduct agent-based simulation experiments for network formation analysis. In the published papers, Bala and Goyal (2000) have constructed a mathematical model leading a star network to be strict Nash equilibrium. However, Berninghaus et al. (2007) have conducted the laboratory experiments using human subjects basing on the mathematical model, and the result of the experiments indicates that human subjects do not always make decision just as the mathematical model predicted. In this paper, we propose a simulation model using the adaptive artificial agents to clarify the reason of the deviation from the mathematical predictions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KambaraRika kn-aut-sei=Kambara kn-aut-mei=Rika aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashidaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Hayashida kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=132 end-page=136 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization-Based Constructive Method for Learning Classifier Systems Adjusting to Non-Markov Environments en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) are rule-based systems that automatically build their rule set so as to get optimal policies through evolutionary processes. This paper considers an evolutionary multi-objective optimization-based constructive method for LCSs that adjust to non-Markov environments. Our goal is to construct a XCSMH (eXtended Classifier System - Memory Hierarchic) that can obtain not only optimal policies but also highly generalized rule sets. Results of numerical experiments show that the proposed method is superior to an existing method with respect to the generality of the obtained rule sets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MoriwakeKeita kn-aut-sei=Moriwake kn-aut-mei=Keita aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashidaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Hayashida kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=127 end-page=131 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Self-Organized Similarity based Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Model and Its Applications en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of the kernel fuzzy clustering model by introducing a self-organized algorithm. A conventional kernel fuzzy clustering model is defined as a model which is an improved additive fuzzy clustering. The purpose of this conventional model is to obtain a clearer result by consideration of the interaction of clusters. This paper proposes a fuzzy clustering model based on the idea of self-organized dissimilarity between two objects. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KuwataTomoyuki kn-aut-sei=Kuwata kn-aut-mei=Tomoyuki aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=Sato-IlicMika kn-aut-sei=Sato-Ilic kn-aut-mei=Mika aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Tsukuba affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Tsukuba END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=122 end-page=126 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of an economic model composed of producer agents en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, the existence of a "social divide", comprising factors such as income and professional status, has been noted as one significant type of social issue. It has been stated that, among the disparate groups, a member belonging to one group cannot move to any other groups. Such a rigidity in terms of social status results in non-activation of the economy. In this study, we have suggested a dynamic economic model described by a multi-agent system, and have evaluated its dynamics in order to try to understand the mechanisms by which how the social divide emerges within the model. We used Gini's coefficient to evaluate the social divide and its economic efficiency. As a result, it is suggested that economies under conditions of low competitiveness, being a state composed of relatively more consumer agents than producer agents, display a higher negative relationship between Gini's coefficient and economic efficiency than those under conditions of high competitiveness. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ItouNao kn-aut-sei=Itou kn-aut-mei=Nao aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MaedaYoshinobu kn-aut-sei=Maeda kn-aut-mei=Yoshinobu aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashiToyohiko kn-aut-sei=Hayashi kn-aut-mei=Toyohiko aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Niigata University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Niigata University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Niigata University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=121 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Semantic Similarity Measurement Method Based on Information Quality in the Structure of the Gene Ontology en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Gene ontology (GO) which described a biological concept of gene has attracted attention as an index for measuring semantic similarity of gene. This paper considers a new method for measuring the semantic similarity of GO through an extension and combination of two existing methods by Resnik and Wang et al. in order to improve their drawbacks of effects of shallow annotation. It is shown that the proposed method is superior to existing methods through experiments with pathway data. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HiraiJunya kn-aut-sei=Hirai kn-aut-mei=Junya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashidaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Hayashida kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University en-keyword=gene ontology kn-keyword=gene ontology en-keyword=semantic similarity kn-keyword=semantic similarity en-keyword=pathway kn-keyword=pathway END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=111 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Design Support of Transportation Routing for a Multi Layered Factory en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, it becomes important to improve transportation capability to attain high productivity in manufacturing. One of the necessary schemes to attain the purpose is that the floor layout is initially to be optimized. After the floor layout is determined, reasonable equipment position for transportation is decided. Then the design of the transportation route is to be determined. In this paper, design support system for transportation routing, based on agent method is proposed. To optimize the transportation route, the working space by the side of the equipment is to be prepared. Starting from given floor layout of a three layered factory, an appropriate transportation route is pursuit using Ant algorithm. To check the applicability of the proposed method, case studies are carried out under various constraints and objective functions, and its effects were verified. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakagawaKoji en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Koji kn-aut-name=中川光路 kn-aut-sei=中川 kn-aut-mei=光路 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonishiMasami en-aut-sei=Konishi en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name=小西正躬 kn-aut-sei=小西 kn-aut-mei=正躬 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=105 end-page=110 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Route Tracking Control of Tractor-Trailer Vehicles based on Fuzzy Controller en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, Factory Automation is actively been carried out in industry. Usually, a single AGV is used to transport products for factory automation. While, a Tractor-Trailer Vehicle can load much more products compared with a single AGV. Addition to this, transportation time can be shortened by separating containers. But, it is not so easy to drive the trailer according to the orbit during running of the Tractor-Trailer Vehicle. In this study, fuzzy control scheme is studied to support satisfactory route tracing of a tractor-trailer vehicle. To extruct the control rules, a fuzzy control system is developed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakenagaHiroki en-aut-sei=Takenaga en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name=竹永洋貴 kn-aut-sei=竹永 kn-aut-mei=洋貴 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonishiMasami en-aut-sei=Konishi en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name=小西正躬 kn-aut-sei=小西 kn-aut-mei=正躬 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaiJun en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name=今井純 kn-aut-sei=今井 kn-aut-mei=純 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=Tractor-Trailer Vehicle kn-keyword=Tractor-Trailer Vehicle en-keyword=route tracking kn-keyword=route tracking en-keyword=Fuzzy control kn-keyword=Fuzzy control en-keyword=Fuzzy classifier kn-keyword=Fuzzy classifier en-keyword=GA kn-keyword=GA END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=99 end-page=104 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Efficient Web Page Recommendation Based on Preference Footprint to Browsed Pages en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper proposes a new scheme for web page recommendation which reflects the preference of each user to the recommended pages in an efficient and effective manner. The basic idea of the scheme is to combine the notion of preference footprint to browsed pages with the collaborative filtering. More concretely, we introduce the notion of "tags" similar to conventional SBS (Social Bookmark Service), and attach all tags associated with a user to a page when it is browsed by him. We implemented a prototype of the proposed scheme, and conducted preliminary experiments to evaluate the performance of the scheme. The result of experiments indicates that it takes less than 0.5 sec to reorder a list of 500 URLs received from a search engine according to the preference of users. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashiShuhei kn-aut-sei=Hayashi kn-aut-mei=Shuhei aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=InoshitaYuuki kn-aut-sei=Inoshita kn-aut-mei=Yuuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=FujitaSatoshi kn-aut-sei=Fujita kn-aut-mei=Satoshi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=94 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=PLS-based approach for Kansei analysis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A residential garden contributes to mental health in modern life. Gardening is a common recreational activity. From the view of the Kansei engineering, designing the garden is a quite difficult subject. Since garden components such as stones and trees are widely diversified, then number of possible design elements becomes quite large. Meanwhile, evaluation samples that can be used for Kansei Evaluation are limited. Relations between Kansei word evaluation and design elements had been analyzed with Quantification Theory type I, which is a variation of a multiple regression model. Since QT1 is based on the least square method, number of evaluation samples should be larger than the number of design elements. Thus, QT1 is not applicable in this case. Recently, PLS (Partial Least Squares) is becoming popular in the field of Chemometrics, which deal with extremely large number and interacted predictor variables. In this study, we utilized PLS for analyzing Kansei evaluation on residential gardens and their 89 design elements. Analyzing results of PLS and QT1 are compared. QT1 analyses were done on 5-fold design elements. Even when incorporating 89 variables, PLS's multiple correlation coefficient was much higher than QT1. Analyzing result was made into hand-made virtual reality Kansei engineering system. The system contains two projectors and a PC. 3D models of parts such as trees and stones are dynamically chosen and allocated in the scene. The system was based on originally developed 3D computation and rendering library on Java. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsubaraTatsuro kn-aut-sei=Matsubara kn-aut-mei=Tatsuro aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsubaraYukihiro kn-aut-sei=Matsubara kn-aut-mei=Yukihiro aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshiharaShigekazu kn-aut-sei=Ishihara kn-aut-mei=Shigekazu aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NagamachiMitsuo kn-aut-sei=Nagamachi kn-aut-mei=Mitsuo aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima International University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima International University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=88 end-page=93 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Analysis of Human Hand Impedance Properties Depending on Driving Conditions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper examines the influence of driving conditions on human hand impedance properties by using an originally developed driving simulator. A set of driving tests combining driving speed and the existence of a road centerline was carried out with five subjects. The results statistically demonstrate that humans steer a vehicle with increasing hand stiffness by activating arm muscles, i.e., under some tension, on the straight load especially at a lower speed with a centerline. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a clear correlation between steering behaviors and human hand stiffness according to the driving conditions. Human impedance measurement in driving would be useful to ascertain not only steering behaviors but also driver's physical and mental conditions for driving conditions, which may be required to develop an intelligent driving support system. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KashibaYusuke kn-aut-sei=Kashiba kn-aut-mei=Yusuke aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaYoshiyuki kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TsujiToshio kn-aut-sei=Tsuji kn-aut-mei=Toshio aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamadaNaoki kn-aut-sei=Yamada kn-aut-mei=Naoki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SuetomiTakamasa kn-aut-sei=Suetomi kn-aut-mei=Takamasa aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Mazda Motor Corporation affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Mazda Motor Corporation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=82 end-page=87 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of an evaluation tool for a driving seat reducing neck injury based on mechanical impedance en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The importance of developing a driving seat effective for reducing neck injuries caused by rear-end collisions has been increased to produce a safer automobile against vehicle accidents in recent years. The present paper develops a computer simulator based on a mechanical impedance model for analyzing and designing an effective driving seat reducing neck injuries. The simulator can reproduce dynamic behaviors of a dummy doll measured in an actual test of rear-end collision. Effectiveness of an active headrest, which is developed for reducing neck injuries, is quantitatively evaluated through a set of computer simulations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=FukushimaShunsuke kn-aut-sei=Fukushima kn-aut-mei=Shunsuke aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NomotoYuhei kn-aut-sei=Nomoto kn-aut-mei=Yuhei aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaYoshiyuki kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TsujiToshio kn-aut-sei=Tsuji kn-aut-mei=Toshio aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakeshimaToru kn-aut-sei=Takeshima kn-aut-mei=Toru aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamashitaMasaya kn-aut-sei=Yamashita kn-aut-mei=Masaya aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=DELTA KOGYO CO.,LTD. affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=DELTA KOGYO CO.,LTD. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=77 end-page=81 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Tissue Characterization of Coronary Plaque by Using Fractal Analysis-based Features of IVUS RF-signal en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We propose a precise tissue characterization method of coronary plaque by using fractal analysis-based features which are obtained from radiofrequency (RF) signal employing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) method. The IVUS method is used for the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In the proposed method, the fact that the RF signal reflects the complexity of the structure of tissue is used. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments by using IVUS RF signals obtained from a rabbit and a human patient. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KogaTakanori kn-aut-sei=Koga kn-aut-mei=Takanori aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=UchinoEiji kn-aut-sei=Uchino kn-aut-mei=Eiji aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaYuki kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Yuki aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SuetakeNoriaki kn-aut-sei=Suetake kn-aut-mei=Noriaki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HiroTakafumi kn-aut-sei=Hiro kn-aut-mei=Takafumi aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuzakiMasunori kn-aut-sei=Matsuzaki kn-aut-mei=Masunori aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Fuzzy Logic Systems Institute affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Nihon University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=71 end-page=76 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-term Operation Planning of District Heating and Cooling Plants Considering Contract Violation Penalties en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Urban district heating and cooling (DHC) systems operate large freezers, heat exchangers, and boilers to stably and economically supply hot and cold water, steam etc., based on customers demand. We formulate an operation-planning problem as a nonlinear integer programming problem for an actual DHC plant. To reflect actual decision making appropriately, we incorporate contract-violation penalties into the running cost consisting of fuel and arrangements expenses. Since a yearly operation plan is necessary for check whether the minimum gas consumption contract is fulfilled or not, we need to solve long-term operation-planning problems. To fast and approximately solve long-term operation-planning problems, we propose a decomposition approach using coarse (monthly) approximate operation-planning problems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakawaMasatoshi kn-aut-sei=Sakawa kn-aut-mei=Masatoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuokaShimpei kn-aut-sei=Matsuoka kn-aut-mei=Shimpei aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatoKosuke kn-aut-sei=Kato kn-aut-mei=Kosuke aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshimaruKeiichi kn-aut-sei=Ishimaru kn-aut-mei=Keiichi aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=UshiroSatoshi kn-aut-sei=Ushiro kn-aut-mei=Satoshi aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Shinryo Corporation affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Shinryo Corporation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=65 end-page=70 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Clustering-Based Algorithm for Data Reduction en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Finding an efficient data reduction method for large-scale problems is an imperative task. In this paper, we propose a similarity-based self-constructing fuzzy clustering algorithm to do the sampling of instances for the classification task. Instances that are similar to each other are grouped into the same cluster. When all the instances have been fed in, a number of clusters are formed automatically. Then the statistical mean for each cluster will be regarded as representing all the instances covered in the cluster. This approach has two advantages. One is that it can be faster and uses less storage memory. The other is that the number of new representative instances need not be specified in advance by the user. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our method can run faster and obtain better reduction rate than other methods. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YehChi-Yuan kn-aut-sei=Yeh kn-aut-mei=Chi-Yuan aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OuyangJeng kn-aut-sei=Ouyang kn-aut-mei=Jeng aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LeeShie-Jue kn-aut-sei=Lee kn-aut-mei=Shie-Jue aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University en-keyword=Large-scale dataset kn-keyword=Large-scale dataset en-keyword=fuzzy similarity kn-keyword=fuzzy similarity en-keyword=data reduction kn-keyword=data reduction en-keyword=prototype reduction kn-keyword=prototype reduction en-keyword=instance-filtering kn-keyword=instance-filtering en-keyword=instance-abstraction kn-keyword=instance-abstraction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=59 end-page=64 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Strict Solution Method for Linear Programming Problem with Ellipsoidal Distributions under Fuzziness en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper considers a linear programming problem with ellipsoidal distributions including fuzziness. Since this problem is not well-defined due to randomness and fuzziness, it is hard to solve it directly. Therefore, introducing chance constraints, fuzzy goals and possibility measures, the proposed model is transformed into the deterministic equivalent problems. Furthermore, since it is difficult to solve the main problem analytically and efficiently due to nonlinear programming, the solution method is constructed introducing an appropriate parameter and performing the equivalent transformations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HasuikeTakashi kn-aut-sei=Hasuike kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=53 end-page=58 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Intelligent Auxiliary Vacuum Brake System en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this paper focuses on designing an intelligent, compact, reliable, and robust auxiliary vacuum brake system (VBS) with Kalman filter and self-diagnosis scheme. All of the circuit elements in the designed system are integrated into one programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) with entire computational algorithms implemented by software. In this system, three main goals are achieved: (a) Kalman filter and hysteresis controller algorithms are employed within PSoC chip by software to surpass the noises and disturbances from hostile surrounding in a vehicle. (b) Self-diagnosis scheme is employed to identify any breakdown element of the auxiliary vacuum brake system. (c) Power MOSFET is utilized to implement PWM pump control and compared with relay control. More accurate vacuum pressure control has been accomplished as well as power energy saving. In the end, a prototype has been built and tested to confirm all of the performances claimed above. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TongChia-Chang kn-aut-sei=Tong kn-aut-mei=Chia-Chang aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LinJhih-Yu kn-aut-sei=Lin kn-aut-mei=Jhih-Yu aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LiShih-Fan kn-aut-sei=Li kn-aut-mei=Shih-Fan aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LiJiun-Yi kn-aut-sei=Li kn-aut-mei=Jiun-Yi aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Technology University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Technology University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Technology University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Technology University en-keyword=Intelligent system kn-keyword=Intelligent system en-keyword=Auxiliary Vacuum Brake System (VBS) kn-keyword=Auxiliary Vacuum Brake System (VBS) en-keyword=Kalman Filter kn-keyword=Kalman Filter en-keyword=Self-diagnosis kn-keyword=Self-diagnosis en-keyword=Programmable System-on-chip (PSoC) kn-keyword=Programmable System-on-chip (PSoC) en-keyword=Dynamic Reconfiguration kn-keyword=Dynamic Reconfiguration END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=47 end-page=52 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Implementation of a Mobile Device Controlled Multi-behavior Interactive Mobile Robot Over MR Technology en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper presents a mobile-device controlled multi-behavior interactive mobile robot. The proposed mobile robot is implemented under the technique of mixed reality. The proposed mobile robot has three basic locomotion behaviors that enable the mobile robot moving in a complex environment. The three basic interactive behaviors are: target navigation behavior, face tracking behavior, and obstacles avoidance behavior. The three behaviors are designed by the fuzzy controller, respectively. For people convenience, a hand held mobile device is introduced as a user interface to interactive with the mobile robot. Experiments show that the proposed behaviors are well designed. The proposed robot system and control rules are been conducted in good performance and good reliabilities. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LeeWen-Yo kn-aut-sei=Lee kn-aut-mei=Wen-Yo aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=GuoJhu-Syuan kn-aut-sei=Guo kn-aut-mei=Jhu-Syuan aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HungTa-Chih kn-aut-sei=Hung kn-aut-mei=Ta-Chih aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HsuHui-Wen kn-aut-sei=Hsu kn-aut-mei=Hui-Wen aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Lunghwa University of Science and Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Lunghwa University of Science and Technology affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Industrial Technology Research Institute affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Lunghwa University of Science and Technology en-keyword=Mobile Robot kn-keyword=Mobile Robot en-keyword=Face tracking kn-keyword=Face tracking en-keyword=Obstacle avoidance kn-keyword=Obstacle avoidance en-keyword=Target Navigation kn-keyword=Target Navigation en-keyword=Mixed Reality kn-keyword=Mixed Reality en-keyword=PDA kn-keyword=PDA END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=41 end-page=46 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=State Estimation Method for Sound Environment System with Uncertainty and Its Application to Psychological Evaluation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The actual sound environment system exhibits various types of linear and non-linear characteristics, and it often contains an uncertainty. Furthermore, the observations in the sound environment are often in the level-quantized form. In this paper, two types of methods for estimating the specific signal for sound environment systems with uncertainty and the quantized observation is proposed by introducing newly a system model of the conditional probability type and moment statistics of fuzzy events. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is confirmed by applying it to the actual problem of psychological evaluation for the sound environment. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OrimotoHisako kn-aut-sei=Orimoto kn-aut-mei=Hisako aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IkutaAkira kn-aut-sei=Ikuta kn-aut-mei=Akira aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima National College of Maritime Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Prefectural University of Hiroshima END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=35 end-page=40 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Estimation of Hierarchical Emotion in Mental State Transition Learning Network en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In general, emotions are often appeared in the facial expressions, voice pitch, exaggerated gesticulation, and so on. They are outward signals of emotions, internal world in order to serve for human communications. Perlovsky described on aesthetic emotions and analyzed their role within joint functioning of cognition and language. This paper proposes the different method from his idea. The method uses Mental State Transition Network proposed by Ren and Emotion Generation Calculations. Moreover, the transition costs in the network are modified according to the stimulus from external world. The simulation results also are reported. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MeraKazuya kn-aut-sei=Mera kn-aut-mei=Kazuya aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=30 end-page=34 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of the NTP Pool Project in Taiwan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Among the standard time reporting systems, the Network Time Protocol (NTP) provides an easy and accurate way for the accessing the Universal time. The NTP is taking the benefit of the pervasiveness of the computer network during the recent information-oriented modern world. The NTP Pool Project is the project to provide a distributed framework of the NTP servers. As the ever-increasing amounts of the requests of the standard time, the number of the NTP servers provided by the NTP Pool Project will be extended correspondingly. This paper will provide the detailed introduction on the framework of the NTP Pool Project, the development of the NTP Pool Project in Taiwan at the present time, and the followed by the suggestions of the implementation of the NTP pool project. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ChaoChien-Chi kn-aut-sei=Chao kn-aut-mei=Chien-Chi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HuangShih-Ping kn-aut-sei=Huang kn-aut-mei=Shih-Ping aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=JwoWu-Shun kn-aut-sei=Jwo kn-aut-mei=Wu-Shun aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Techonology University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Techonology University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Chienkuo Techonology University en-keyword=Network Time Protocol kn-keyword=Network Time Protocol en-keyword=NTP Pool Project kn-keyword=NTP Pool Project END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=24 end-page=29 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Borderline Over-sampling for Imbalanced Data Classification en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Traditional classification algorithms, in many times, perform poorly on imbalanced data sets in which some classes are heavily outnumbered by the remaining classes. For this kind of data, minority class instances, which are usually much more of interest, are often misclassified. The paper proposes a method to deal with them by changing class distribution through over-sampling at the borderline between the minority class and the majority class of the data set. A Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classifier then is trained to predict new unknown instances. Compared to other over-sampling methods, the proposed method focuses only on the minority class instances lying around the borderline due to the fact that this area is most crucial for establishing the decision boundary. Furthermore, new instances will be generated in such a manner that minority class area will be expanded further toward the side of the majority class at the places where there appear few majority class instances. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance than some other over-sampling methods, especially with data sets having low degree of overlap due to its ability of expanding minority class area in such cases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NguyenHien M. kn-aut-sei=Nguyen kn-aut-mei=Hien M. aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=CooperEric W. kn-aut-sei=Cooper kn-aut-mei=Eric W. aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KameiKatsuari kn-aut-sei=Kamei kn-aut-mei=Katsuari aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Ritsumeikan University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Ritsumeikan University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Ritsumeikan University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=18 end-page=23 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Support Vector Selection for Regression Machines en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we propose a method to select support vectors to improve the performance of support vector regression machines. First, the orthogonal least-squares method is adopted to evaluate the support vectors based on their error reduction ratios. By selecting the representative support vectors, we can obtain a simpler model which helps avoid the over-fitting problem. Second, the simplified model is further refined by applying the gradient descent method to tune the parameters of the kernel functions. Learning rules for minimizing the regularized risk functional are derived. Experimental results have shown that our approach can improve effectively the generalization capability of support vector regressors. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LeeWan-Jui kn-aut-sei=Lee kn-aut-mei=Wan-Jui aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YangChih-Cheng kn-aut-sei=Yang kn-aut-mei=Chih-Cheng aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=LeeShie-Jue kn-aut-sei=Lee kn-aut-mei=Shie-Jue aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=National Sun Yat-Sen University en-keyword=Orthogonal least-squares kn-keyword=Orthogonal least-squares en-keyword=over-fitting kn-keyword=over-fitting en-keyword=gradient descent kn-keyword=gradient descent en-keyword=learning rules kn-keyword=learning rules en-keyword=error reduction ratio kn-keyword=error reduction ratio en-keyword=mean square error kn-keyword=mean square error END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=14 end-page=17 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Interactive Fuzzy Satisficing Method for Multiobjective Stochastic Integer Programming Problems through Simple Recourse Model en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Two major approaches to deal with randomness or impression involved in mathematical programming problems have been developed. The one is called stochastic programming, and the other is called fuzzy programming. In this paper, we focus on multiobjective integer programming problems involving random variable coefficients in constraints. Using the concept of simple recourse, such multiobjective stochastic integer programming problems are transformed into deterministic ones. As a fusion of stochastic programming and fuzzy one, after introducing fuzzy goals to reflect the ambiguity of the decision maker's judgments for objective functions, we propose an interactive fuzzy satisficing method to derive a satisficing solution for the decision maker by updating the reference membership levels. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakawaMasatoshi kn-aut-sei=Sakawa kn-aut-mei=Masatoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KarinoAtsushi kn-aut-sei=Karino kn-aut-mei=Atsushi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatoKosuke kn-aut-sei=Kato kn-aut-mei=Kosuke aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuiTakeshi kn-aut-sei=Matsui kn-aut-mei=Takeshi aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=8 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An Interactive Fuzzy Satisficing Method for Fuzzy Random Multiobjective 0-1 Programming Problems through Probability Maximization Using Possibility en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we focus on multiobjective 0-1 programming problems under the situation where stochastic uncertainty and vagueness exist at the same time. We formulate them as fuzzy random multiobjective 0-1 programming problems where coefficients of objective functions are fuzzy random variables. For the formulated problem, we propose an interactive fuzzy satisficing method through probability maximization using of possibility. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakawaMasatoshi kn-aut-sei=Sakawa kn-aut-mei=Masatoshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HontaniTakehisa kn-aut-sei=Hontani kn-aut-mei=Takehisa aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatoKosuke kn-aut-sei=Kato kn-aut-mei=Kosuke aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuiTakeshi kn-aut-sei=Matsui kn-aut-mei=Takeshi aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=348 end-page=353 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091112 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of Drowsiness by HRV Measures - Proposal of prediction method of low arousal state - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to propose a useful prediction method of drowsy state of drivers, so that the result is applicable to the development of ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) that can warn drivers of their low arousal state and to prevent driving under low arousal level from occurring. The EEG (electroencephalography) and ECG (electrocardiography) during a monotonous task was measured, and it was investigated how these measures change under the low arousal (drowsy) state. The EEG measurement was added to in order to monitor arousal level more the time series of mean power frequency of EEG was plotted on X-bar control chart. Heart rate variability (HRV) measure RRV3 were derived on the basis of R-R intervals (interbeat intervals) obtained from ECG. Using a Bayesian probability, we tried to predict the timing when the participant actually felt drowsy. As a result, the prediction accuracy differed by the state of participant. When the drowsiness of participant was remarkable, the prediction method was effective to some extent. On the other hand, the proposed method could not predict the drowsy state reliably when the participant did not feel drowsiness to a larger extent. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuYasutaka en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name=平松靖隆 kn-aut-sei=平松 kn-aut-mei=靖隆 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2009 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=3 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=20091110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Rule Induction by EDA with Instance-Subpopulations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, a new rule induction method by using EDA with instance-subpopulations is proposed. The proposed method introduces a notion of instance-subpopulation, where a set of individuals matching a training instance. Then, EDA procedure is separately carried out for each instance-subpopulation. Individuals generated by each EDA procedure are merged to constitute the population at the next generation. We examined the proposed method on Breast-cancer in Wisconsin and Chess End-Game. The comparisons with other algorithms show the effectiveness of the proposed method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HandaHisashi en-aut-sei=Handa en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=半田久志 kn-aut-sei=半田 kn-aut-mei=久志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=204 end-page=209 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Care for Home-bound Older Adults and Revitalization of Local Shopping Arcade en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announced, on Respect-for-the Aged Day in September, 2005, that the population over 65 is over 20 % of the nation’s total population. The Ministry also announced on June 1, 2006, that the special total birth rate in Japan recorded the lowest value of 1.25. If the birth rate continues to decrease faster than estimated, the ratio of older adults to the nation’s total population will increase faster than expected. As new housing and large-scaled supermarkets are planned and constructed in the suburbs, older adults, the poor and the disabled people who cannot afford to drive for utilizing suburb supermarkets are forced into old inactive residential area and shopping arcade. Older adults hope to communicate with others, which can be facilitated by advanced technology. The case studies in this study show that older adults can satisfy such needs by communicating with shop owners in local shopping arcade. The secret for the revitalization of local shopping arcade lies in the care for home-bound older adults. We recommend a concept of cozy compact city where home-bound older adults can actively enjoy their lives in and out of their home and the local shopping arcade can be revitalized. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuoTetsuko kn-aut-sei=Matsuo kn-aut-mei=Tetsuko aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=198 end-page=203 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A PERISHABLE INVENTORY MODEL WITH UNKNOWN TIME HORIZON en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Traditionally, the time (planning) horizon over which the inventory for a particular item will be controlled is often assumed to be known (finite or infinite) and the total inventory cost is usually obtained by summing up the cost over the entire time horizon. However, in some inventory situations the period over which the inventory will be controlled are difficult to predict with certainty, as the inventory problems may not live up to or live beyond the assumed planning horizon, thereby affecting the optimality of the model. This paper presents a deterministic perishable inventory model for items with linear trend in demand and constant deterioration when time horizon is unknown, unspecified or unbounded. The heuristic model obtains replenishment policy by determining the ordering schedule to minimize the total cost per unit time over the duration of each schedule. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the model. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=A.I..ABDUL kn-aut-sei=A.I.. kn-aut-mei=ABDUL aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=A.E.OLULEYE kn-aut-sei=A.E. kn-aut-mei=OLULEYE aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=University of Ibadan END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=191 end-page=197 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effectiveness of Instruction using Electronic Circuit Simulation Software en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Traditional teaching (lecturing) method on the design of electronic circuit provides learners with little satisfaction, because they cannot check and confirm the validity of electronic circuit they have designed. A better way to acquire design skills is to actually make the designed electronic circuit and test the validity of design. In spite of the usefulness of such a practical approach, it has a disadvantage that there is only limited time for teaching (lecturing) and it is difficult to fabricate electronic circuit, perform electronic measurement, and test the validity of design in the limited lecture period. An alternative to overcome these disadvantages is to use simulation software that enables learners (students) to operate functionally the designed electronic circuit and verify the appropriateness of design. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of simulation approach and clarify some problems related to such an approach. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=OhtaYukio kn-aut-sei=Ohta kn-aut-mei=Yukio aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=185 end-page=190 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Rule Acquisition for Cognitive Agents by Using Estimation of Distribution Algorithms en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cognitive Agents must be able to decide their actions based on their recognized states. In general, learning mechanisms are equipped for such agents in order to realize intellgent behaviors. In this paper, we propose a new Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) which can acquire effective rules for cognitive agents. Basic calculation procedure of the EDAs is that 1) select better individuals, 2) estimate probabilistic models, and 3) sample new individuals. In the proposed method, instead of the use of individuals, input-output records in episodes are directory used for estimating the probabilistic model by Conditional Random Fields. Therefore, estimated probabilistic model can be regarded as policy so that new input-output records are generated by the interaction between the policy and environments. Computer simulations on Probabilistic Transition Problems show the effectiveness of the proposed method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NishimuraTokue en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Tokue kn-aut-name=西村徳栄 kn-aut-sei=西村 kn-aut-mei=徳栄 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HandaHisashi en-aut-sei=Handa en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=半田久志 kn-aut-sei=半田 kn-aut-mei=久志 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=179 end-page=184 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of a Training-Assist Robotic System Adapting to Individual Motor Abilities in Virtual Tennis Task en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present paper develops a training-assist robotic system that can adapt a reference hand motion for a virtual tennis task to individual motor abilities. The system first measures maximum hand force and velocity in reaching arm movements prior to the training, and designs a suitable reference trajectory for teaching motion smoothness and timing in the virtual tennis task based on the measured results. A quantitative index for evaluating task performance and motor functions are then defined with consideration of task dynamics. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed training system is validated through a set of preliminary training experiments with health subjects. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshiiMasataka kn-aut-sei=Ishii kn-aut-mei=Masataka aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaYoshiyuki kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TsujiToshio kn-aut-sei=Tsuji kn-aut-mei=Toshio aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ImamuraNobuaki kn-aut-sei=Imamura kn-aut-mei=Nobuaki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima International University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=175 end-page=178 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Fast Color Removal Method Considering Differences between Colors en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=When a color image is converted into a monochrome one, luminance components of the pixels have been used as gray-levels for the representation of the monochrome image in HDTV standard. However, saliencies of the image embedded only in the chrominance components are disappeared in the monochrome image converted by using luminance components. To cope with this problem, A.A. Gooch et al. have proposed the salience-preserving color removal method called “Color2Gray.” The monochrome image well reected the impression of an input color image can be yielded by Color2Gray. However, the calculation cost of that algorithm is tremendous, and its utility is not so much. In this paper, fast Color2Gray algorithms are proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through the experiments. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaGo kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Go aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SuetakeNoriaki kn-aut-sei=Suetake kn-aut-mei=Noriaki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=UchinoEiji kn-aut-sei=Uchino kn-aut-mei=Eiji aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=171 end-page=174 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multiscale Retinex with Data-dependent Offset en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=As one of methods to improve the image quality, there is a method called multiscale retinex (MSR) which has been proposed by D.J. Jobson et al. In MSR, the reection components of an image are extracted and emphasized, and then the image with improved quality is obtained. This method is very useful and powerful especially for the visibility improvement of dark regions of the image. However, the resulting image tends to give us the unnatural impression because luminance components are removed, and the global contrast of the image is decreased in the processing. In this paper, a new MSR with a variable offset, which changes dependently on the local luminance information of the image, is proposed in order to overcome the disadvantage of the conventional MSR, and to further improve the image quality. Through the experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TanakaGo kn-aut-sei=Tanaka kn-aut-mei=Go aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SuetakeNoriaki kn-aut-sei=Suetake kn-aut-mei=Noriaki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=UchinoEiji kn-aut-sei=Uchino kn-aut-mei=Eiji aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Yamaguchi University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=165 end-page=170 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Application of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms to Reactive Power Planning Problem en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper presents a new approach to treat reactive power (VAr) planning problem using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. Specifically, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) approaches have been developed and successfully applied. The overall problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multi-objective optimization problem. Minimizing the total incurred cost and maximizing the amount of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) are defined as the main objective functions. The proposed approaches have been successfully tested on IEEE 14 bus system. As a result a wide set of optimal solutions known as Pareto set is obtained and encouraging results show the superiority of the proposed approaches and confirm their potential to solve such a large scale multi-objective optimization problem. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MehdiEghbal kn-aut-sei=Mehdi kn-aut-mei=Eghbal aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YorinoNaoto kn-aut-sei=Yorino kn-aut-mei=Naoto aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=ZokaYoshifumi kn-aut-sei=Zoka kn-aut-mei=Yoshifumi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=159 end-page=164 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An approximate solution method based on tabu search for k-minimum spanning tree problems en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper considers k-minimum spanning tree problems. An existing solution algorithm based on tabu search, which was proposed by Katagiri et al., includes an iterative solving procedure of minimum spanning tree (MST) problems for subgraphs to obtain a local optimal solution of k-minimum spanning tree problems. This article provides a new tabu-searchbased approximate solution method that does not iteratively solve minimum spanning tree problems. Results of numerical experiments show that the proposed method provides a good performance in terms of accuracy over those of existing methods for relatively high cardinality k. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshimatsuJun kn-aut-sei=Ishimatsu kn-aut-mei=Jun aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatagiriHideki kn-aut-sei=Katagiri kn-aut-mei=Hideki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HayashidaTomohiro kn-aut-sei=Hayashida kn-aut-mei=Tomohiro aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=157 end-page=158 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Medical Diagnostic Support System Using Extended Neural Network and Multiagent en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Multiagent technologies enable us to explore their sociological and psychological foundations. A medical diagnostic support system is built using this. Moreover, We think that the data inputted can acquire higher diagnostic accuracy by sorting out using a determination table. In this paper, the recurrence diagnostic system of cancer is built and the output error of Mul-tiagents learning method into the usual Neural Network and a Rough Neural Network and Genetic Programming be compared. The data of the prostatic cancer offered by the medical institution and a renal cancer was used for verification of a system. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiDaisuke kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Daisuke aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatayamaFumiyo kn-aut-sei=Katayama kn-aut-mei=Fumiyo aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahashiMuneo kn-aut-sei=Takahashi kn-aut-mei=Muneo aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=AraiMasataka kn-aut-sei=Arai kn-aut-mei=Masataka aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=Kenneth JamesMackin kn-aut-sei=Kenneth James kn-aut-mei=Mackin aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Toin University of Yokohama affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hitachi Advanced Systems Corporation affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences en-keyword=Multiagent System kn-keyword=Multiagent System en-keyword=Neural Networks kn-keyword=Neural Networks en-keyword=Medical Diagnostic Support System kn-keyword=Medical Diagnostic Support System END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=155 end-page=156 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=News summary system for Web news site en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We propose the system that offers only the article that is the relation to topics to the user in this research. When the user wants to read the article that is the relation to topics, the user must click the link to the article. Therefore, it is difficult for the user to read only the article related to topics. Moreover, there is the article that is similar to each other content or article. Therefore, user must read the article that is similar to other article. We propose the algorithm to find similar articles. For the proposed system, we use the feature of reported articles. There is an outline of the entire article at the beginning of reported articles. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NiimiAyahiko kn-aut-sei=Niimi kn-aut-mei=Ayahiko aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SaitoYusaku kn-aut-sei=Saito kn-aut-mei=Yusaku aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KonishiOsamu kn-aut-sei=Konishi kn-aut-mei=Osamu aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Future University-Hakodate END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=153 end-page=154 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Mobile Healthcare System for Preventive of Metabolic Syndrome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, metabolic syndrome affects a great number of people in Japan. Glycemic control can delay the onset and slow the progression of vascular complications. Lifestyle modification including weight reduction can contribute significantly to glycemic control. This paper describes the mobile application of the healthcare support system for metabolic patients. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=InoueHiroshi kn-aut-sei=Inoue kn-aut-mei=Hiroshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=151 end-page=152 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Interactive Mobile Communication System with Facial Expression Extracting Emotion en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have already proposed a chat system representing a facial expression corresponded to user’s emotion called JavaFaceChat. However it is difficult to use JavaFaceChat on mobile phone because it requires some complicated tasks, large databases, and natural language processing. Therefore, we construct a simple version of JavaFaceChat. The system calculates seven types of emotions (angry, disgust, fear, happy, perplex, sadness, and surprise) from appearance of emotion words in the message and the strongest emotion is expressed by a facial expression image. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MeraKazuya kn-aut-sei=Mera kn-aut-mei=Kazuya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=145 end-page=150 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Classification results of coronary heart disease database by using the clonal selection method with receptor editing en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The clonal selection principle is used to explain the basic features of an adaptive immune response to a antigenic stimulus. It established the idea that only those cells that recognize the antigens are selected to proliferate and differentiate. This paper explains a computational implementation of the clonal selection principle that explicitly takes into account the affinity maturation of the immune response. The clonal selection algorithm by incorporating receptor editing method, RECSA, has been proposed by Gao. This paper tries to classify the medical database of Coronary Heart Disease databases and reports the computational results for 4 kinds of training datasets. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakamotoYasuaki kn-aut-sei=Sakamoto kn-aut-mei=Yasuaki aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HaraAkira kn-aut-sei=Hara kn-aut-mei=Akira aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahamaTetsuyuki kn-aut-sei=Takahama kn-aut-mei=Tetsuyuki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=139 end-page=144 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Analysis using Adaptive Tree Structured Clustering Method for Medical Data of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=It is known that the classification of medical data is difficult problem because the medical data has ambiguous information or missing data. As a result, the classification method that can handle ambiguous information or missing data is necessity. In this paper we proposed an adaptive tree structure clustering method in order to clarify clustering result of selforganizing feature maps. For the evaluating effectiveness of proposed clustering method for the data set with ambiguous information, we applied an adaptive tree structured clustering method for classification of coronary heart disease database. Through the computer simulation we showed that the proposed clustering method was effective for the ambiguous data set. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTakashi kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KennethJ. Mackin kn-aut-sei=Kenneth kn-aut-mei=J. Mackin aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Tokyo University of Information Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=133 end-page=138 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081211 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Data Mining by Soft Computing Methods for The Coronary Heart Disease Database en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For improvement of data mining technology, the advantages and disadvantages on respective data mining methods should be discussed by comparison under the same condition. For this purpose, the Coronary Heart Disease database (CHD DB) was developed in 2004, and the data mining competition was held in the International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES). In the competition, two methods based on soft computing were presented. In this paper, we report the overview of the CHD DB and the soft computing methods, and discuss the features of respective methods by comparison of the experimental results. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HaraAkira kn-aut-sei=Hara kn-aut-mei=Akira aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=127 end-page=132 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effectiveness of Eye-Gaze Input System -Identification of Conditions that Assures High Pointing Accuracy and Movement Directional Effect- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The condition under which high accuracy is assured when using an eye-gaze input system was identified. It was also investigated how direction of eye movement affected the performance of an eye-gaze input system. Here, age, the arrangement of targets (vertical and horizontal), the size of a target, and the distance between adjacent rectangles were selected as experimental factors. The difference of pointing velocity between a mouse and an eyegaze input system was larger for older adults than for young adults. Thus, an eye-gaze input system was found to be effective especially for older adults. An eye-gaze input system might compensate for the declined motor functions of older adults. The pointing accuracy of an eye-gaze input system was higher in horizontal arrangement than in vertical arrangement. The distance between targets of more than 20 pixels was found to be desirable for both vertical and horizontal arrangements. For both the vertical and horizontal arrangements, the target size of more than 40pixels led to higher accuracy and faster pointing time for both young and older adults. For both age groups, it tended that the pointing time for the lower direction was longer than that for other directions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeTakashi en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=三宅貴士 kn-aut-sei=三宅 kn-aut-mei=貴士 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=121 end-page=126 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Usability of Site Map in Web Design – Design of Site Map that is Friendly to Older Adults- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The information or data for Web page design that is useful, in particular, to older adults was provided in this study. The proper design of site map is necessary to enhance the usability and reduce the number of getting lost in Web navigation especially for older adults. However, no design guideline on what site map is proper exists. The usability of six types of site maps was compared as a function of age. The six types of site maps included (1) vertical tree type, (2) horizontal tree type (A), (3) horizontal tree type (B), (4) table type, (5) radial type, and (6) itemized type. The usability was evaluated using search time, subjective rating of usability, and eye movement characteristics (fixation duration and fixation number). The age affected the evaluation measures. The horizontal type (B) was found to lead to faster search time and fewer fixation numbers. Moreover, this type of site map was found to make the difference of search time, fixation number, and fixation duration between young and older adults smaller. The result indicated that the vertical arrangement of site map, especially horizontal type (B) was proper for both young and older adults, and this should be incorporated into the Web page design guidelines. The results can be utilized as a universal design guideline for providing a site map that is friendly to both young and older adults. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=120 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of Shape of pen on Usability en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Using electromyography (EMG) analysis and psychological rating, the usability of pen was evaluated. The experimental factors wewre the pen diameter (three levels:8mm, 11mm, and 13.8mm). The length of pen tip was fixed to 14mm. Surface EMG was recordes from extensor digitorum and flexxor digitorum superficialis. The EMG before and after a long-hour writing task was measured to evaluate the fatigue of forearm using % MVC (Mean Voluntary Contraction), mean power frequency (MPF) and psychological rating on usability. Concerning % MVC and MPF, the difference before and the experimental task were used for the evaluation. The evaluation value corresponded to subtraction of value after the experimental task from that before the experimental task. As a result of a one-way (pen diameter) ANOVA, no significant main effects of pen diameter were for both EMG evaluation measures. As for the psychological rating on usability, Kruscal-Wallis non-parametric test was carried out. The psychological rating on ease of grip revealed a significant main effect of pen diameter. A pen with a diameter of 11mm was found to have a significant higher rating score. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizushimaKensuke en-aut-sei=Mizushima en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name=水島健介 kn-aut-sei=水島 kn-aut-mei=健介 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University en-keyword=universal design kn-keyword=universal design en-keyword=usability kn-keyword=usability en-keyword=EMG kn-keyword=EMG en-keyword=pen diameter kn-keyword=pen diameter en-keyword=length of pen tip kn-keyword=length of pen tip en-keyword=psychological rating kn-keyword=psychological rating END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=111 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Optimal Slope of Touch Panel －Comparison between Young and Older Adults－ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Touch panels are becoming increasingly common alternatives to traditional indirect devices such as mouse. However, older adults are not willing to utilize touch-panel based ATM or ticket machines, because they feel that using ATM properly is too difficult and annoying for them. The aim of this study was to identify an optimal slope of touch panel interface. Whether using a direct input device by older adults would lead to smaller difference of performance between preferred and non-preferred hands was also examined. For both young and older adults, the slope conditions of 30, 45, and 60 degrees, and the target size of 60 x 60 pixels were found to lead to higher performance. With the increase of movement distance d, the movement velocity tended to increase for both age groups. The difference of movement velocity between young and older adults tended to increase with the increase of movement distance d. The difference of performance between nonpreferred and preferred hands was smaller relative to their young counterparts. Moreover, the difference of performance between young and older adults was smaller when using a touch panel than when using a mouse. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiRina en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Rina kn-aut-name=高橋里奈 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=里奈 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=103 end-page=110 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Web Design that is Friendly to Older Adults – Effects of Perceptual, Cognitive and Motor Functions and Display Information on Web Navigation Time – en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Older internet users are increasing more and more world widely. The information accessibility standard for Web contents (JIS X 8341-3) had been established. Although many researchers are pursuing the usability of Web site, we cannot design a usable Web site only by improving Web pages. One of the reasons is inferred that we didn’t consider perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions especially of older adults in the design of Web pages. The aim of this study was to propose a method to evaluate perceptual, cognitive, and motor ability and to explore the effect of perceptual, cognitive and motor abilities, and display information on Web navigation. We proposed a method to calculate display information on the basis of number of links. It was explored how display information, age, and the test score of perceptual, cognitive, and motor abilities influenced Web navigation time. This effect was examined using a multiple regression analysis. Display information influenced Web navigation performance for both young and older adults. The more the quantity of display information was, the longer the Web navigation time was. In addition to this tendency, the depth of display layer was found to affect the Web navigation time especially for older adults. We found that the perceptual, cognitive, and motor abilities of older adults, in particular, the spatial memory, spatial rotation ability, and mouse operation ability, led to longer Web navigation time. These results implies the necessity of designing Web site for older adults that considers the decline of perceptual, cognitive, and motor ability. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiRina en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Rina kn-aut-name=高橋里奈 kn-aut-sei=高橋 kn-aut-mei=里奈 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=99 end-page=102 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of Drowsiness by HRV Measures - Basic Study for Drowsy Driver Detection - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to identify a useful measure to estimate an arousal level of drivers, to apply the result to develop ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) that can warn drivers of their low arousal state and to prevent driving under low arousal level from occurring and contribute to the reduction of traffic accidents. The EEG (electroencephalography) and ECG(electrocardiography) during a monotonous task was measured, and it was investigated how these measures change under the low arousal (drowsy) state. The time series of mean power frequency of EEG was plotted on X-bar control chart. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures RRV3 and RRV8-3 were derived on the basis of R-R intervals (interbeat intervals) obtained from ECG. Under the low arousal state (drowsy state), the mean power frequency tended to be lower than central line (CL) and range between CL and lower control limit (LCL). In accordance with this, RRV3 and RRV8-3 tended to increase under the low arousal (drowsy) state, which means that the parasympathetic nervous system became dominant under drowsy states. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiramatsuYasutaka en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name=平松靖隆 kn-aut-sei=平松 kn-aut-mei=靖隆 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=95 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of Drowsiness by EEG analysis - Basic Study on ITS Development for the Prevention of Drowsy Driving - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to identify a useful measure to estimate an arousal level of drivers, to apply the result to develop ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) that can warn drivers of their low arousal state and to prevent driving under low arousal level from occurring and contribute to the reduction of traffic accidents. The EEG(electroencephalography) during a monotonous task was measured, and it was investigated how these measures change under the low arousal (drowsy) state. The time series of mean power frequency of EEG was plotted on Xbar control chart. Under the low arousal state (drowsy state), the mean power frequency tended to be lower than central line (CL) and range between CL and lower control limit (LCL). Under the worst case, the mean power frequency was lower than LCL. The ratio of such intervals to total measurement period tended to increase under drowsy state. The mean power frequency was found to be effective for evaluating drowsiness of drivers. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishijimaKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Nishijima en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name=西嶋和之 kn-aut-sei=西嶋 kn-aut-mei=和之 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University en-keyword=ITS kn-keyword=ITS en-keyword=drowsiness kn-keyword=drowsiness en-keyword=EEG kn-keyword=EEG en-keyword=control chart kn-keyword=control chart en-keyword=blink kn-keyword=blink END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=89 end-page=94 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Design of vehicle instrumental panel for older adults - Effects of viewing distance, display from, and switch arrangement on secondary task performance - en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of age, viewing distance, arrangement of switches and display form on performance to design of display and control systems friendry to older adults were discussed. A dual-task experimemt was conducted in which the primary task was first-irder tracking. The secondary tasks included control of an air conditioner, the operation of a radio, and the operation of a CD/MD, by means of a steering wheel mounted swich. The switch was either vertical or cross arrangement. In both-hands switch arrangement condition, the operation was carried out with two hands using both left vertical switch and right cross switch. In one-hand swith arrangement condition, the operation was carried out with only one hand using either left or right cross switch. The display was arranged in front of a participant. The display form was either left or right display. The viewing distance conditions were 60, 80, and 100cm. When the right display form was used, both one-hand (using only right cross switch) were selected. When the left display form was used, both one-hand (using only left cross swith) and two-hand arrangements (using both left vertical and right cross switch) were selected. As predicted, age affected the performance measures ( percentage correct, task completion time, and tracking error). The viewing distance also affected performance (percentage correct), Both display form and switch arrangement also affected performance (task completion time). Such results should be taken into account when designing display and control systems in man-vehicle systems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiSatoshi en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=山口智司 kn-aut-sei=山口 kn-aut-mei=智司 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=83 end-page=88 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Evaluation of Automotive Control-Display System by means of MentalWorkload en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The effects of age, task difficulty on performance and mental workload were discussed in order to provide design guideline of automobile display that is friendly to older adults from the viewpoints of mental attention, speed and accuracy. A dual-task experiment was conducted in which the primary task was first order tracking. The secondary tasks included selection of function (easy condition), and control of an air conditioner, the operation of a radio, and the operation of a CD/MD (difficult condition), by means of a steering wheel mounted switch. The display was arranged in front of a participant. Age affected the performance measures and heart rate variability (HRV). As for the young adults, the task completion time did not differ significantly among easy and difficult (one-, two-, and three-layered) conditions. The performance of older adults was affected by task difficulty. The HRV measures such as CV (coefficient of variance) and RRV8-3 during the task showed different tendency between young and older adults. As for the young group, the HRV measures did not differ significantly between the four task levels (easy, one-, two-, and three-layered). This confirmed that the task difficulty did not induce different mental workload to young adults. On the other hand, as for the older adults, the HRV measures tended to increase with the increase of task difficulty. Although it appears that mental workload was lessened with the increase of task difficulty, such an interpretation was contradictory to the results on performance. This phenomenon was interpreted that the difficult task condition was overloaded for older adults, and was beyond the limit of mental effort. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the difficult task condition is not proper for older adults. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriwakaMakoto en-aut-sei=Moriwaka en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=森若誠 kn-aut-sei=森若 kn-aut-mei=誠 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=77 end-page=82 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of the evaluation system for automobile remanufacturing en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=By 2015, the EU directives required the automobile manufacturers to produce a vehicle that contains reusable and / or recoverable parts at least 95% of total weight. In the developed countries, the legislative issue the take – back policy which requires the manufacturers to consider the end – of – life (EOL) of their products at early design stage. The goal of this paper is to propose a framework of development methodology that focuses on integrated design for remanufacturing evaluation system. This system supports the automobile product design and development at the early design phase. The proposed method is divided into two phases. The first phase aims to identify the suitable EOL process. The second phase aims to verify the most economical EOL process. The proposed method incorporates the Case base Reasoning [CBR] into the remanufacturing techniques. It is expected that the proposed method can provide the EOL with decision support during designing the automobile parts at the early design stage. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=GhazalliZakri kn-aut-sei=Ghazalli kn-aut-mei=Zakri aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=71 end-page=76 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of vehicle display information and switch type on usability -Comparison between young and older adults- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, in-vehicle highly intelligent information devices are rapidly widespread. Under such circumstances, the accurate evaluation of the effect of display information and switch type on driving performance is important in order to develop in-vehicle information devices that do not menace the safety. In this article, we present a basic idea to estimate properly the effect of the vehicles display information and the switch system on driving performance. We compared the index such as mean task completion time, subjective rating on usability, tracking error, and NASA-TLX workload between young and older adults. The results suggest that young will be better than older adults at both abilities on processing displayed information and operating the switch. We were found that there was a significant interaction between the switch types and installation location. On the other hand, the displayed information did not affect the performance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=WangShuguang kn-aut-sei=Wang kn-aut-mei=Shuguang aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=65 end-page=70 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Portfolio Selection Problems with Normal Mixture Distributions Including Fuzziness en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, several portfolio selection problems with normal mixture distributions including fuzziness are proposed. Until now, many researchers have proposed portfolio models based on the stochastic approach, and there are some models considering both random and ambiguous conditions, particularly using fuzzy random or random fuzzy variables. However, the model including normal mixture distributions with fuzzy numbers has not been proposed yet. Our proposed problems are not well-defined problems due to randomness and fuzziness. Therefore, setting some criterions and introducing chance constrains, main problems are transformed into deterministic programming problems. Finally, we construct a solution method to obtain a global optimal solution of the problem. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HasuikeTakashi kn-aut-sei=Hasuike kn-aut-mei=Takashi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IshiiHiroaki kn-aut-sei=Ishii kn-aut-mei=Hiroaki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Osaka University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=59 end-page=64 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A Forecasting Decision Support System en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nowadays forecasting is needed in many fields such as weather forecasting, population estimation, industry demand forecasting, and many others. As complexity and factors increase, it becomes impossible for a human being to do the prediction operation without support of computer system. A Decision support system is needed to model all demand factors and combine with expert opinions to enhance forecasting accuracy. In this research work, we present a decision support system using winters’, simple exponential smoothing, and regression statistical analysis with a new proposed genetic algorithm to generate operational forecast. A case study is presented using real industrial demand data from different products types to show the improved demand forecasting accuracy for the proposed system over individual statistical techniques for all time series types. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HanaaE.Sayed en-aut-sei=Hanaa en-aut-mei=E.Sayed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HossamA.Gabbar en-aut-sei=Hossam en-aut-mei=A.Gabbar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SoheirA. Fouadc en-aut-sei=Soheir en-aut-mei=A. Fouadc kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KhalilM. Ahmedc en-aut-sei=Khalil en-aut-mei=M. Ahmedc kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiShigeji en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Shigeji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Systems Engineering, Division of Industrial Innovation Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, UOIT affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Computer Science & Systems Engineering Department, Alexandria University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Computer Science & Systems Engineering Department, Alexandria University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Systems Engineering, Division of Industrial Innovation Science, Okayama University en-keyword=Forecasting kn-keyword=Forecasting en-keyword=Genetic Algorithm kn-keyword=Genetic Algorithm en-keyword=Regression Analysis kn-keyword=Regression Analysis en-keyword=Support System kn-keyword=Support System END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=54 end-page=58 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multivariate Analysis for Fault Diagnosis System en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Many multivariate techniques have been applied to diagnose faults such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fisher’s Discriminant Analysis (FDA), and Discriminant Partial Least Squares (DPLS). However, it has been shown that FDA and DPLS are more proficient than PCA for diagnosing faults. And recently applying kernel on FDA which is called KFDA (Kernel FDA) has showed outperformance than linear FDA based method. We propose in this research work an advanced KFDA for faults classification with Building knowledge base for faults structure using FSN. A case study is done on a chemical G-Plant process, constructed and experimental runs are done in Okayama University, Japan. The results are showing improving performance of fault detection rate for the new model over FDA. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HanaaE.Sayed en-aut-sei=Hanaa en-aut-mei=E.Sayed kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HossamA.Gabbar en-aut-sei=Hossam en-aut-mei=A.Gabbar kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyazakiShigeji en-aut-sei=Miyazaki en-aut-mei=Shigeji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Systems Engineering, Division of Industrial Innovation Science, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, UOIT affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Systems Engineering, Division of Industrial Innovation Science, Okayama University en-keyword=KFDA kn-keyword=KFDA en-keyword=Fault Diagnosis kn-keyword=Fault Diagnosis en-keyword=Genetic Algorithm kn-keyword=Genetic Algorithm en-keyword=Process Monitoring kn-keyword=Process Monitoring END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=48 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Constitution of Ms.PacMan Player with Critical-Situation Learning Mechanism en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We previously proposed evolutionary fuzzy systems of playing Ms.PacMan for the competitions. As a consequence of the evolution, reflective action rules such that PacMan tries to eat pills effectively until ghosts come close to PacMan are acquired. Such rules works well. However, sometimes it is too reflective so that PacMan go toward ghosts by herself in longer corridors. In this paper, a critical situation learning module is combined with the evolved fuzzy systems, i.e., reflective action module. The critical situation learning module is composed of Q-learning with CMAC. Location information of surrounding ghosts and the existence of power-pills are given to PacMan as state. This module punishes if PacMan is caught by ghosts. Therefore, this module learning which pairs of (state, action) cause her death. By using learnt Q-value, PacMan tries to survive much longer. Experimental results on Ms.PacMan elucidate the proposed method is promising since it can capture critical situations well. However, as a consequence of the large amount of memory required by CMAC, real time responses tend to be lost. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HandaHisashi en-aut-sei=Handa en-aut-mei=Hisashi kn-aut-name=半田久志 kn-aut-sei=半田 kn-aut-mei=久志 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=43 end-page=47 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Particle Swarm Optimization Combining Diversification and Intensification for Nonlinear Integer Programming Problems en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this research, focusing on nonlinear integer programming problems, we propose an approximate solution method based on particle swarm optimization proposed by Kennedy et al. And we developed a new particle swarm optimization method which is applicable to discrete optimization problems by incoporating a new method for generating initial search points, the rounding of values obtained by the move scheme and the revision of move methods. Furthermore, we showed the efficiency of the proposed particle swarm optimization method by comparing it with an existing method through the application of them into the numerical examples. Moreover we expanded revised particle swarm optimization method for application to nonlinear integer programming problems and showed more effeciency than genetic algorithm. However, variance of the solutions obtained by the PSO method is large and accuracy is not so high. Thus, we consider improvement of accuracy introducing diversification and intensification. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsuiTakeshi kn-aut-sei=Matsui kn-aut-mei=Takeshi aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakawaMasatoshi kn-aut-sei=Sakawa kn-aut-mei=Masatoshi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=KatoKosuke kn-aut-sei=Kato kn-aut-mei=Kosuke aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MatsumotoKoichi kn-aut-sei=Matsumoto kn-aut-mei=Koichi aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=37 end-page=42 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multi-chromosomal Grammatical Evolution en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Grammatical Evolution (GE) is an evolutionary method for optimizing a program generated by a one-dimensional chromosome and grammatical rules. The grammars consist of terminals, which are items that can appear in the language, and nonterminals, which can be expanded into one or more terminals and nonterminals. The genes are translated into a program based on the grammar. If the genes are used up for generating complete program, the chromosome is wrapped and reused. GE has an advantage that illegal individuals are not generated by the genetic operations. When a certain gene changes, however, the successive genes might be used for the different production rule from the rule applied before even if they are not changed. Therefore, it is difficult to preserve the characteristics of parents. To solve this problem, we propose GE using multiple chromosomes. In this method, multiple chromosomes as many as the nonterminal symbols in the grammatical rules are prepared. A chromosome correspondent to the expanded non-terminal symbol is selected and used for mapping. Moreover, a new technique of the wrapping is also introduced so that the grammatical rules which increase the number of nonterminal symbols can not be applied when the wrapping happens. We performed some experiments, and showed the effectiveness of our proposed method. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HaraAkira kn-aut-sei=Hara kn-aut-mei=Akira aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=YamaguchiTomohisa kn-aut-sei=Yamaguchi kn-aut-mei=Tomohisa aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=TakahamaTetsuyuki kn-aut-sei=Takahama kn-aut-mei=Tetsuyuki aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=36 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=User's Comment Classifying Method Using Self Organizing Feature Map on Healthcare System for Diabetic en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by the elevation of blood glucose. Glysemic control can delay the onset and slow the progression of vascular complications. Lifestyle modification including weight reduction can contribute significantly to glycemic control. The Health Support Intelligent System for Diabetic Patients (HSISD) can provide guideline-based decision support for lifestyle modifications in the treatment of diabetes. HSISD also provides opportunities for telecounseling (TC) with the use of mobile devices and the Internet. The telecounseling phase inquires about the patient’s condition and the patient answer in a questionnaire. In the questionnaire, there is a question like “Have you developed any symptoms of anxiety? If yes, tell me the details.” The answer is described freely so the physician should read all of patient’s answer. But it is hard for physicians to read all text carefully because a physician has a lot of patients. We propose a method to analyze text data from the patients and classify them into five anxiety types (mental problem, physical problem, diet, physical activity, and medicine) automatically. Related to the classified anxiety type, the method can analyze the patient’s inner emotion to guess serious and emergency degree of the patient. In this method, Self organizing feature map is trained by the distribution of feature words (morphemes) in the input text and also classifies anxiety type and emotion type. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MeraKazuya kn-aut-sei=Mera kn-aut-mei=Kazuya aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=IchimuraTakumi kn-aut-sei=Ichimura kn-aut-mei=Takumi aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima City University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=23 end-page=30 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Algebraic and Topological Aspects of Rough Set Theory en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The main purpose of this talk is to show how some widely known and well established algebraic and topological notions are closely related to notions and results introduced and rediscovered in the rough set literature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=MilanVlach kn-aut-sei=Milan kn-aut-mei=Vlach aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=13 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Nondominated equilibrium solutions of multiobjective two-person nonzero-sum games in normal and extensive forms en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In this paper, we review the development of studies on multiobjective noncooperative games, and particularly we focus on nondominated equilibrium solutions in multiobjective two-person nonzero-sum games in normal and extensive forms. After outlining studies related to multiobjective noncooperative games, we treat multiobjective two-person nonzero-sum games in normal form, and a mathematical programming problem yielding nondominated equilibrium solutions is shown. As for extensive form games, we first provide a game representation of the sequence form, and then formulate a mathematical programming problem for obtaining nondominated equilibrium solutions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=NishizakiIchiro kn-aut-sei=Nishizaki kn-aut-mei=Ichiro aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Hiroshima University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2008 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20081210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Human Error Management Paying Emphasis on Decision Making and Social Intelligence -Beyond the Framework of Man-Machine Interface Design- en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=How latent error or violation induces a serious accident has been reviewed and a proper addressing measure of this has been proposed in the framework of decision making, emotional intelligence (EI) and social intelligence (SI) of organization and its members. It has been clarified that EI and SI play an important role in decision making. Violations frequently occur all over the world, although we definitely understand that we should not commit violations, and a secret to prevent this might exist in the enhancement of both social intelligence and reliability. The construction of social structure or system that supports organizational efforts to enhance both social intelligence and reliability would be essential. Traditional safety education emphasizes that it is possible to change attitudes or mind toward safety by means of education. In spite of this，accidents or scandals frequently occur and never decrease. These problems must be approached on the basis of the full understanding of social intelligence and limited reasonability in decision making. Social dilemma (We do not necessarily cooperate in spite of understanding its importance, and we sometimes make decision not to select cooperative behavior. Non-cooperation gives rise to a desirable result for an individual. However, if all take non-cooperative actions, undesirable results are finally induced to all.) must be solved in some ways and the transition from relief (closed) society to global (reliability) society must be realized as a whole. New social system, where cooperative relation can be easily and reliably obtained, must be constructed to support such an approach and prevent violation-based accidents. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo en-aut-sei=Murata en-aut-mei=Atsuo kn-aut-name=村田厚生 kn-aut-sei=村田 kn-aut-mei=厚生 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=大学院自然科学研究科 END