start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=157
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=17
end-page=31
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=201910
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Lines selected for different durations of tonic immobility have different leg lengths in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract= Tonic immobility is an adaptive anti-predator behaviour observed in many species. This anti-predator behaviour is often correlated with a species' movement motivation, so a relationship between the duration of tonic immobility and morphological traits supporting movement would be expected. Using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, we carried out two-way artificial selection for the duration of tonic immobility over more than 43 generations, establishing populations with longer (L) and shorter (S) tonic immobility durations compared to those of a non-selected control (C) population. Here, we investigated differences in walking motivation and leg length between the selected populations. Walking motivation was significantly higher in beetles from the S population than that in those from the L population. Moreover, S-population beetles of both sexes had significantly longer legs than those from L and C populations. The present results suggest the evolution of longer legs in response to selection pressure for a shorter duration of tonic immobility in T. castaneum.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MatsumuraKentarou
en-aut-sei=Matsumura
en-aut-mei=Kentarou
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MiyatakeTakahisa
en-aut-sei=Miyatake
en-aut-mei=Takahisa
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and life Science, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=anti-predator strategy
kn-keyword=anti-predator strategy
en-keyword=tonic immobility
kn-keyword=tonic immobility
en-keyword=artificial selection
kn-keyword=artificial selection
en-keyword=leg
kn-keyword=leg
en-keyword=Tribolium castaneum
kn-keyword=Tribolium castaneum
END