start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=127 cd-vols= no-issue=11-12 article-no= start-page=5127 end-page=5137 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230705 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Surface smoothing of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy by combination of grit blasting and large-area electron beam irradiation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Additively manufactured (AMed) titanium products are typically produced by electron beam melting (EBM), since oxidation of titanium alloy surface can be suppressed in vacuum environment. The surface roughness of AMed titanium products becomes more than 200 µm Rz, and the very rough surface would lead to reduction in fatigue strength. Therefore, a post surface finishing process is required. Abrasive blasting is one of the common surface smoothing processes of AMed metal products. Large surface roughness can be decreased, and compressive residual stress can be introduced to the surface. However, there is a limitation to reduction of surface roughness to several µm Rz. On the other hand, it was recently found that AMed metal surface produced by powder bed fusion with laser beam could be smoothed by large-area electron beam (LEB) irradiation. However, it is difficult to smooth surface with large initial surface roughness, and a tensile residual stress may be generated on the surface. In this study, surface smoothing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4 V) were proposed by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Surface roughness of AMed Ti-6Al-4 V alloy significantly decreases from 265 to about 2.0 µm Rz by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Reduction rate of surface roughness by LEB irradiation linearly increases with decreasing mean width of blasted surface. Influence of the mean width on smoothing effect by LEB irradiation can be explained by thermo-fluid analysis. Moreover, tensile residual stress caused by LEB irradiation can be reduced when LEB is irradiated to blasted surface. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ShinonagaTogo en-aut-sei=Shinonaga en-aut-mei=Togo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiHiroya en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Hiroya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiToshiya en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Toshiya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=SINTOKOGIO, LTD kn-affil= en-keyword=Additive manufacturing kn-keyword=Additive manufacturing en-keyword=Electron beam melting kn-keyword=Electron beam melting en-keyword=Titanium alloy kn-keyword=Titanium alloy en-keyword=Ti-6Al-4 V kn-keyword=Ti-6Al-4 V en-keyword=Blasting kn-keyword=Blasting en-keyword=Large-area electron beam kn-keyword=Large-area electron beam en-keyword=Surface smoothing kn-keyword=Surface smoothing en-keyword=Thermo-fluid analysis kn-keyword=Thermo-fluid analysis en-keyword=Residual stress kn-keyword=Residual stress END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1997 end-page=2005 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230608 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Study on joint characteristics in laser butt welding of AMed and wrought Ti6Al4V plates en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has been widely applied to medical, automotive, and aerospace industries due to its excellent properties such as high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. On the other hand, additive manufacturing (AM) technology can give the freedom of design of the products. In order to spread the AMed products, the joining of AMed and wrought products are required, and it is important to understand the joint characteristics. In this study, butt welding of Ti6Al4V plate was conducted by fiber laser in argon shielding, and the joint characteristics of laser weld wrought/wrought, AMed/AMed, and AMed/wrought Ti6Al4V plates were experimentally investigated. The AMed plate has higher tensile strength than wrought plate but the elongation of AMed plate is smaller, since AMed plate has α’ martensite due to rapid cooling during laser irradiation in AM process. Then, the laser weld joint of AMed/AMed plates has higher tensile strength, but smaller elongation than that of wrought/wrought plates. The weld joint of AMed/wrought plates shows good welding state, since small heat input leads to formation of small weld bead with higher hardness between wrought and AMed plates. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShinonagaTogo en-aut-sei=Shinonaga en-aut-mei=Togo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoYoshito en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OchiAkihiro en-aut-sei=Ochi en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KishimotoRyuya en-aut-sei=Kishimoto en-aut-mei=Ryuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=PityanaSisa en-aut-sei=Pityana en-aut-mei=Sisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=ArthurNana en-aut-sei=Arthur en-aut-mei=Nana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoniyiPeter en-aut-sei=Omoniyi en-aut-mei=Peter kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MahamoodRasheedat en-aut-sei=Mahamood en-aut-mei=Rasheedat kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=MainaMartin en-aut-sei=Maina en-aut-mei=Martin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkinlabiEsther en-aut-sei=Akinlabi en-aut-mei=Esther kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=National Laser Centre, CSIR kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=National Laser Centre, CSIR kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=University of Johannesburg kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=University of Johannesburg kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=University of Johannesburg kn-affil= en-keyword=Ti6Al4V kn-keyword=Ti6Al4V en-keyword=Joint characteristics kn-keyword=Joint characteristics en-keyword=Laser welding kn-keyword=Laser welding en-keyword=Butt welding kn-keyword=Butt welding en-keyword=Additive manufacturing kn-keyword=Additive manufacturing END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1288 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Reconditioning of Diamond Coated Tools and Its Impact on Cutting Performance for CFRP Laminates en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, CVD diamond-coated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tools have been widely utilized due to their benefits in the machining of non-ferrous alloys and polymer composite materials, especially carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs). The reconditioning of such coated tools is economically attractive due to their high cost and short tool life. The decoating of the remaining diamond film from the used tools and the subsequent surface preparation by wet chemical pretreatment are essential steps for new CVD diamond film formation. Previously, it was shown that reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) could effectively remove CVD diamond films. However, some degree of WC-Co tool substrate damage is expected due to the high ion energy in RIBE and the chemical activity in wet etching. This study addresses the effects of RIBE decoating and surface pretreatment steps on WC-Co tools with a complex shape in terms of the ion-induced surface damage, geometry alteration, and adhesion of a subsequently re-applied CVD diamond film. Moreover, the cutting performance of the tools subjected to the RIBE decoating and repeated film deposition was studied via CFRP cutting tests. It has been shown that the RIBE decoated and recoated tools had a high level of cutting performance comparable to the new tools. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SoldatovAlexander en-aut-sei=Soldatov en-aut-mei=Alexander kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=RemnevAlexey en-aut-sei=Remnev en-aut-mei=Alexey kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=ITAC Ltd., Group of ShinMaywa Industries kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=cutting tool reconditioning kn-keyword=cutting tool reconditioning en-keyword=decoating kn-keyword=decoating en-keyword=CVD diamond film kn-keyword=CVD diamond film en-keyword=CFRP kn-keyword=CFRP en-keyword=flank wear kn-keyword=flank wear en-keyword=delamination kn-keyword=delamination END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=025301 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220317 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-quality micro-shape fabrication of monocrystalline diamond by nanosecond pulsed laser and acid cleaning en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The flat plane of small surface roughness below 0.1 mu m average roughness was obtained for monocrystalline diamond by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation of 1060 nm and post-process acid cleaning, at a laser fluence around the material removal threshold value. The glossy and flat plane at the bottom of the micro-groove was parallel to the top surface of the specimen, although the round beam of Gaussian mode was irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the top surface of specimen. The square beam of top-hat mode produced a shallower micro-groove with a wider, flatter bottom compared with the round beam in Gaussian mode. The creation method of the flat plane with small surface roughness was discussed in the arrangement strategy of linear micro-grooving by the square beam of top-hat mode. Normal side-by-side repetition of linear micro-grooving did not create a flat plane with constant depth. Therefore, a two-step scanning method was proposed in order to overcome the problem in the normal side-by-side repetition of liner micro-grooving. Non-removal areas were partly retained between the processing lines in the first step, and the laser scanning was conducted on the retained area in the second step. The newly proposed two-step scanning method was practical and useful to create a widely flat plane with small surface roughness, and the two-step scanning method provided superior control over the micro-groove depth. This proposed method can reduce the surface roughness in addition to the shape creation of monocrystalline diamond, and it can be used as a high-quality micro-shape fabrication method of monocrystalline diamond. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkuboTubasa en-aut-sei=Okubo en-aut-mei=Tubasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajitaniAtsuya en-aut-sei=Kajitani en-aut-mei=Atsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=monocrystalline diamond kn-keyword=monocrystalline diamond en-keyword=nanosecond pulsed laser kn-keyword=nanosecond pulsed laser en-keyword=flat surface kn-keyword=flat surface en-keyword=smooth surface kn-keyword=smooth surface en-keyword=micro-grooving kn-keyword=micro-grooving END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=299 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=117388 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210930 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effects of Superposition of 532 nm and 1064 nm Wavelengths in Copper Micro-welding by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Unstable and low absorption of laser energy is experienced in copper welding at around 1000 nm wavelength. At 532 nm wavelength, there is stable and high laser absorption by copper. Past researches have shown that transitional processing condition between keyhole and heat conduction welding results in a stable micro-welding process characterized by good surface quality and deep penetration. In order to adapt laser welding to copper using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers, investigations of welding quality and efficiency were addressed. Processing was done under transitional processing condition between heat conduction and keyhole welding. Copper C1020 specimens were processed using superposed laser wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. Effects of irradiation delay and power density on the process were clarified by taking measurements of absorption rates and molten volumes, and by analyzing the weld beads. In addition, the dynamics of molten area and keyhole formation were investigated through three-dimensional FEM analysis. A stabilized laser absorption and increased molten volume was achieved by superposition using 532 nm laser of an appropriate high power density coupled with a short irradiation delay for the 1064 nm laser, which resulted in high-efficiency welding of copper. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MainaMartin Ruthandi en-aut-sei=Maina en-aut-mei=Martin Ruthandi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaKazuki en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Kazuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashibaShin-ichi en-aut-sei=Nakashiba en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishiNorio en-aut-sei=Nishi en-aut-mei=Norio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Nontraditional Machining Laboratory, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Nontraditional Machining Laboratory, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Nontraditional Machining Laboratory, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Nontraditional Machining Laboratory, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Kataoka Corporation kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Kataoka Corporation kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=64 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=937 end-page=947 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200313 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of numerical aperture on molten area characteristics in micro-joining of glass by picosecond pulsed laser en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Glass products with precise and sophisticated shapes are highly demanded in the field of MEMS due to their excellent properties. Ultrashort pulsed laser has been expected to be a powerful and reliable tool for micro-welding of glass. Focusing condition such as numerical aperture (N.A.) is a critical parameter that controls how ultrashort laser pulses interact with and propagate in glass, and it has a great influence on the laser micro-welding characteristics of glass. In order to investigate the quality of welding process, it is important to understand the dependence of the mechanical strength of molten area created in glass specimen with various numerical apertures. Therefore, the mechanical strength of molten area with various numerical apertures was evaluated in micro-welding of glass by picosecond pulsed laser. Higher bending strength could be obtained under an appropriate volume ratio of molten area and glass specimen, when continuous molten areas were formed. In addition, high density and large size of molten area without crack led to higher breaking stress. It is concluded that superior focusing characteristics such as N.A. 0.65 enable a long region of high power density in beam axis, which can satisfy both high mechanical strength and high processing speed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OuyangZhiyong en-aut-sei=Ouyang en-aut-mei=Zhiyong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiwaraTakumi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Picosecond pulsed laser kn-keyword=Picosecond pulsed laser en-keyword=Glass material kn-keyword=Glass material en-keyword=Numerical aperture kn-keyword=Numerical aperture en-keyword=Bending strength kn-keyword=Bending strength en-keyword=Breaking stress kn-keyword=Breaking stress END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1412 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190303 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Influence of Numerical Aperture on Molten Area Formation in Fusion Micro-Welding of Glass by Picosecond Pulsed Laser en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= Focusing condition such as numerical aperture (N.A.) has a great influence on the creation of molten area and the stable welding process in fusion micro-welding of glass. In this study, a picosecond pulsed laser of 1064 nm in wavelength and 12.5 ps in pulse duration was tightly focused inside a borosilicate glass using objective lenses of numerical apertures 0.45, 0.65, and 0.85 with spherical aberration correction. Influence of numerical aperture on molten area formation was experimentally investigated through analysis of focusing situation in glass, and movement of absorption point, and then molten area characteristics were discussed. It is concluded that N.A. of 0.65 with superior focusing characteristics can form a large and continuous molten area without cracks, which enables achievement of stable joining of glass material by picosecond pulsed laser. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OuyangZhiyong en-aut-sei=Ouyang en-aut-mei=Zhiyong kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OginoYuta en-aut-sei=Ogino en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakagawaTomokazu en-aut-sei=Sakagawa en-aut-mei=Tomokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=ultrashort pulsed laser kn-keyword=ultrashort pulsed laser en-keyword=glass material kn-keyword=glass material en-keyword=absorption point kn-keyword=absorption point en-keyword=molten area kn-keyword=molten area en-keyword=numerical aperture kn-keyword=numerical aperture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=6 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=19980420 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Study on Electrical Discharge Machining Characteristics of Coated Electrodes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Low electrode wear EDM is attained by the adhesion of heat resolved carbon made from kerosine type machining fluid to the electrode end surface. This phenomenon, however, occurs only under long pulse duration. Therefore, the low electrode wear EDM under finishing condition is impossible so far. In the previous paper, the authors developed a turbostratic carbon electrode whose structure is very similar to the heat resolved carbon generated in EDM process and made it clear that the low electrode wear EDM was possible by using the electrode even under finishing condition. In this study, a carbon coated electrode and a SiC coated one which can be made rapidly at low cost were developed and their EDM characteristics were investigated. Experimental analysis pointed it out that both electrodes were effective in reducing electrode wear under finishing condition. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GuoChangning en-aut-sei=Guo en-aut-mei=Changning kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UnoYoshiyuki en-aut-sei=Uno en-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakagiTakashi en-aut-sei=Takagi en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department ot Mechanical Engineering affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department ot Mechanical Engineering affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Ibiden Co., Ltd. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=34 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=19 end-page=26 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=20000327 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Energy Distribution in Electrical Discharge Machining with Graphite Electrode en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In EDM, the machining characteristics greatly depend on the energy distribution. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the energy distribution for understanding various phenomena in EDM. In this paper, the energy distribution in EDM with graphite electrode is investigated by measuring the temperatures of electrode and workpiece. Experimental analysis shows that the material removal rate depends on energy density while the electrode wear greatly depends on the adhesion of heat resolved carbon from machining fluid, and the energies distributed into electrode and workpiece are almost constant regardless of pulse duration. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkadaAkira en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UnoYoshiyuki en-aut-sei=Uno en-aut-mei=Yoshiyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkajimaIsao en-aut-sei=Okajima en-aut-mei=Isao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology END