start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=29 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=1027 end-page=1033 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=2014 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Utility of simple suspension method compared to loss of drug using crushing method on tube administration kn-title=粉砕法による経管投与における薬剤量損失に対する簡易懸濁法の有用性についての検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Objective: In the past, a conventional crushing method was used for the administration of tablets or capsules by tube in patients with dysphagia. However, this method has several problems, such as a loss of the drug amount and tube clogging. Recently, tube administration by a simple suspension method was developed to solve these problems in the conventional crushing method. Methods: In the present study, we investigated to what extent the dosage amount is lost using the simple suspension method compared to crushing method, employing 5 drugs which are frequently administered by tube in Okayama University Hospital. Results: Drug weights of the 5 agents decreased by 70 〜 90% in the grinding and packaging processes because of drug adhesion to the mortar, packaging machine, and drug package paper. The suspension of all drugs using the simple suspension method was uniform, while only the suspension of Warfarin? ground using the crushing method was shown to be showed inhomogeneous, which is expected to lead to a loss of drug. The drug content on assuming clinical a setting after tube passage was compared between the two methods. The recovery of warfarin?, characterized as unstable using the crushing method, was nearly 50%, but loss was prevented by 80% with the use of bags of medicine. For the simple suspension method, the recovery of warfarin? was almost 100%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the simple suspension method is particularly effective for the tube administration of drugs characterized as unstable. kn-abstract=【目的】従来の薬剤経管投与法である粉砕法は薬効の減少につながる薬剤量の損失が指摘されている。そこで粉砕法による薬剤量損失に対する簡易懸濁法の有用性について検討した。 【方法】頻繁に粉砕指示がなされる5種類の薬剤を用いて粉砕・分包による薬物含量減少、薬剤調製時の懸濁性および実際の経管投与を想定した薬物含量について2つの方法を比較した。 【結果】薬剤を粉砕・分包するとそれぞれの薬物含量は減少した。またワーファリン?錠を粉砕して水に溶解すると完全には懸濁せず、小さな塊が生じたが、簡易懸濁法では均一に懸濁した。ワーファリン?錠の経管投与を想定した実験において粉砕法では薬物含量が大幅に減少したが、簡易懸濁法では、ほとんど損失が認められなかった。【結論】簡易懸濁法は粉砕法に比べて薬剤損失の面で有用性が高いことが示唆され、ワーファリン?錠のように安定性が悪い薬剤では特に適正な薬物投与に貢献出来ると考えられる。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZamamiYoshito en-aut-sei=Zamami en-aut-mei=Yoshito kn-aut-name=座間味義人 kn-aut-sei=座間味 kn-aut-mei=義人 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KoyamaToshihiro en-aut-sei=Koyama en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name=小山敏広 kn-aut-sei=小山 kn-aut-mei=敏広 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AibaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Aiba en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=合葉哲也 kn-aut-sei=合葉 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AmanoManabu en-aut-sei=Amano en-aut-mei=Manabu kn-aut-name=天野学 kn-aut-sei=天野 kn-aut-mei=学 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AndoTetsuaki en-aut-sei=Ando en-aut-mei=Tetsuaki kn-aut-name=安藤哲信 kn-aut-sei=安藤 kn-aut-mei=哲信 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurataNaomi en-aut-sei=Kurata en-aut-mei=Naomi kn-aut-name=倉田なおみ kn-aut-sei=倉田 kn-aut-mei=なおみ aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=NawaHideki en-aut-sei=Nawa en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name=名和秀起 kn-aut-sei=名和 kn-aut-mei=秀起 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakuraHironori en-aut-sei=Nakura en-aut-mei=Hironori kn-aut-name=名倉弘哲 kn-aut-sei=名倉 kn-aut-mei=弘哲 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitamuraYoshihisa en-aut-sei=Kitamura en-aut-mei=Yoshihisa kn-aut-name=北村佳久 kn-aut-sei=北村 kn-aut-mei=佳久 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=SendoToshiaki en-aut-sei=Sendo en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name=千堂年昭 kn-aut-sei=千堂 kn-aut-mei=年昭 aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 医歯薬学総合研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 医歯薬学総合研究科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 医歯薬学総合研究科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=兵庫医療大学 薬学部 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=吉備高原ルミエール病院 薬剤科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=昭和大学 薬学部 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院 薬剤部 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院 医歯薬学総合研究科 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院 薬剤部 affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院 薬剤部 en-keyword=簡易懸濁法 (simple suspension method) kn-keyword=簡易懸濁法 (simple suspension method) en-keyword=経管投与 (tube administration) kn-keyword=経管投与 (tube administration) en-keyword=薬剤量の損失 (loss of drug amount) kn-keyword=薬剤量の損失 (loss of drug amount) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=363 end-page=371 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Toxin Production by Aeromonas sobria in Natural Environments: River Water vs. Seawater en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Aeromonas are water-borne pathogens. They are halotolerant, which means that they can survive in environments whose salt content corresponds to that of seawater (3.0% NaCl). However, the presence of Aeromonas in seawater is extremely rare compared with that in river water. In this study, we tested the ability of Aeromonas sobria to produce toxins in river water and seawater. First, we cultured A. sobria on skim milk agar plates supplemented with either river water (SARW) or seawater (SASW). The bacteria grew on both plates. A clear zone around the bacteria was generated in SARW. However, such a zone was not observed in SASW, suggesting that proteases were not generated in SASW. Subsequently, we cultured A. sobria in a nutrient broth supplemented with either river water (NRW) or with seawater (NSW), and examined the protease activity of their culture supernatants. The protease activity of the culture supernatant from NSW was extremely low compared to that from NRW. The immunoblotting analysis showed that serine protease (ASP) was not produced by the culture in NSW. By contrast, aerolysin-like hemolysin was produced in all conditions examined in this study. This indicates that the salinity of water is deeply involved in the production of ASP by A. sobria.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KhanRasel en-aut-sei=Khan en-aut-mei=Rasel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Eizo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakuraHironori en-aut-sei=Nakura en-aut-mei=Hironori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AnsaruzzamanMohammad en-aut-sei=Ansaruzzaman en-aut-mei=Mohammad kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BanikSukalyani en-aut-sei=Banik en-aut-mei=Sukalyani kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Keinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR, B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh), Centre for Health and Population Research affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Aeromonas kn-keyword=Aeromonas en-keyword=water kn-keyword=water en-keyword=toxin kn-keyword=toxin en-keyword=salinity kn-keyword=salinity END