start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Japanese Language Education and Economic Inequality in China:From Comparative Research on Four Universities in Nanjing City kn-title=中国における日本語教育と経済格差―南京市4大学の比較調査から― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LinXiangyu en-aut-sei=Lin en-aut-mei=Xiangyu kn-aut-name=林祥瑜 kn-aut-sei=林 kn-aut-mei=祥瑜 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=中国南京師範大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院社会文化科学研究科教授 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=2-3 article-no= start-page=107 end-page=122 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200319 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Equality and Distributive Justice Reconsidered: Related to Wages, Insurance, Taxes and Social Security kn-title=平等と分配的正義の基礎概念再考 : 賃金・保険・税・社会保障の制度との関連で en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学名誉教授 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=27 end-page=35 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=20030910 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Keynesian Issues in Adam Smith : Aggregate Demand and Financial Instability kn-title=アダム・スミスにおけるケインズ的問題―総需要不足と金融不安定性をめぐって― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=Adam Smith is generally regarded as an economist totally opposed to J. M. Keynes. However, Smith stood quite near Keynes and Keynesians rather than modern neo−classical economists with regard to some issues such as lack of aggregate demand and financial instability. Smith did not insist that monetary and public−finance policies were necessary in order to increase demand. However, it does not mean that Smith did not make much of demand. Smith thought that after the abolition of mercantilist policy, effective distribution of capital and labor would increase labor demand and give rise to wages, and consequently increase people’s demand for consumer goods. Smith also thought that laissez−faire policy would expand foreign trade and increase foreign demand. In addition, when Smith was faced to the bankrupt of the Ayr Bank, he recognized the instability of capital market. He came to think that not only free competition of banks but also legal regulations and improvement of business morals were essential to stabilize the financial system. kn-abstract=一般にケインズの対極に位置すると考えられているアダム・スミスは,総需要不足と金融不安定性の問題をめぐって,現代の新古典派よりもむしろケインズやケインズ派に近い考え方をしていた。スミスはステュアートのように金融・財政政策を通じた総需要拡大を主張しなかったが,そのことはスミスが総需要の問題を考慮しなかったことを意味するわけではない。スミスは,重商主義政策の撤廃による自由で効率的な資本と労働の配分が,労働需要の増加と賃金の上昇を通じて大衆的消費需要を拡大し,さらに自由貿易政策による貿易の拡大も総需要を拡大すると考えていた。またスミスは,エア銀行の破綻処理の経験を通じて金融市場の不安定性を認識し,金融システムの安定化のためには銀行の自由競争だけでは不十分であって,政府による一定の法的規制と銀行の企業モラルの改革が必要であると考えるようになったのである。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=52 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=15 end-page=29 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=How many causes of wealth did Adam Smith think there were? Comparing the theoretical structures in Wealth of Nations with Lectures on Jurisprudence kn-title=スミスは富の原因がいくつあると考えたか ―『法学講義』行政論と『国富論』の理論構成の比較― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=スミスの主著のフルタイトルは『諸国民の富の性質と諸原因の研究』であり,かれが富の諸原因の考察を自著の中心主題としていたことは明らかである。しかしスミスが何を富の原因と考えたか,そもそも富の原因がいくつあると考えたかについては,これまで十分に明確にされていない。本稿は『国富論』の母体となった『法学講義』(Bノート)の行政論と『国富論』の理論構成を比較考察することを通じて,『法学講義』行政論で論じられている富裕の5原因が『国富論』第1~5編の各編に継承されたことを明らかにする。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学特命教授 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=32 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=161 end-page=174 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=20010310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Adam Smith's Criticism of James Steuart's Theory of Banking kn-title=スミスのステュアート信用論批判 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper considered why and how Adam Smith criticized James Steuart's theory of Banking. In Lectures on Jurisprudence Adam Smith had a quite optimistic view about the stableness of banking system. But after the financial crisis in Scotland in 1760s and 1770s, especially the bankrupt of the Ayr Bank in 1772, Smith changed his early optimistic view of banking system. In Wealth of Nations Smith criticized Steuart's theory of banking, because Smith thought that its influence might be one of the major causes of the bankrupt of the Ayr Bank and the financial crisis in Scotland in 1772. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=81 end-page=93 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160223 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Meaning of the Second Law of Nature in Hobbes’s Leviathan kn-title=ホッブズ『リヴァイアサン』の第2自然法は何を意味するのか en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=47 end-page=63 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160319 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Formation of Modern Egalitarianism by Hobbes: From the Critique of Aristotle to the Golden Rule kn-title=ホッブズにおける近代的平等論の成立 ―アリストテレス批判から黄金律へ― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=30 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=183 end-page=196 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=19990310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Equity and Efficiency in Adam Smith kn-title=アダム・スミスにおける公正と効率 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper examined whether Adam Smith thought equity and efficiency were compatible or incompatible in the civilized society. In terms of thi$ issue this paper considered the relationship between sympathy and utility in Theory of Moral Sentiments, that between inequality and opulence in Draft of Wealth of Nations, and that between liberty and wealth in Wealth of Nations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=257 end-page=278 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=19940225 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Two Views on the Origin of Money: from Aristotle to Adam Smith kn-title=貨幣起源論の系譜―アリストテレスからスミスまで― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=75 end-page=101 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1987 dt-pub=19870531 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Ricardo's Criticism of Smith's Theory of Value kn-title=リカードのスミス価値論批判 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=327 end-page=347 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1988 dt-pub=19880120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Adam Smith's Early Theory of Justice - Consideration of Anderson Note - kn-title=アダム・スミスの初期正義論―「アンダソン・ノート」の検討― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=17 cd-vols= no-issue=3-4 article-no= start-page=413 end-page=432 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1986 dt-pub=19860228 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Early Labour Theory of Value and the Concept of "Invariable Measure of Value" - William Petty and Benjamin Franklin - kn-title=初期労働価値論と「不変の価値尺度」問題―ウィリアム・ペティとフランクリン― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=48 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160715 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Evolution of Plato’s Thought on Equality: From the Republic to the Laws kn-title=プラトン平等論の発展 ―『国家』から『法律』へ― en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name=新村聡 kn-aut-sei=新村 kn-aut-mei=聡 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学社会文化科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=55 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=25 end-page=31 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240321 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Adam Smith’s Support for Big Government: Evolution of his Views on Government from Lectures on Jurisprudence to The Wealth of Nations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Adam Smith has advocated laissez-faire: however, many of Smith’s interpreters have pointed out that Smith discusses several exceptions to laissez-faire. Most of the important exceptions are not in Lectures on Jurisprudence (LJ); rather, they first appear in The Wealth of Nations (WN). These references seem to reflect a conscious shift in Smith’s policy principle from laissez-faire with small government to state intervention under big government. To compare small government with big, i.e. laissez-faire with government intervention, we must historically distinguish between two types of government intervention. The older type predated laissez-faire and included feudal governments, absolute governments and mercantilism, whereas the newer type includes various primitive forms of modern social or welfare states.
 Smith’s primary purpose in LJ is to criticise the older type of big government. In WN, he criticises the older big government in Books I, III and IV and promotes a newer type of government intervention in Books II and V, particularly regarding three important fields. First, he proposes regulating banking and financial markets in Book II of WN. Second, in contrast to LJ, where he gave little attention to public works and institutions, he considers them among the government’s three major duties in Book V of WN. Third, Smith drastically changes his views on taxation. He argues that they should be as light as possible in LJ, but in Book V of WN, he insists on increasing land taxes and abolishing taxes on necessaries; he also recommends introducing progressive taxes and abolishing regressive ones to achieve income redistribution.
 This paper considers the shifts in Smith’s position from endorsing the laissez-faire role of government in LJ to promoting government intervention in WN, particularly regarding financial regulation, public works and institutions and taxation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NiimuraSatoshi en-aut-sei=Niimura en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= END