start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=9 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=モモ‘紅清水’における赤肉果の音響振動法による非破壊判別技術の検討 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FukudaFumio en-aut-sei=Fukuda en-aut-mei=Fumio kn-aut-name=福田文夫 kn-aut-sei=福田 kn-aut-mei=文夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=近藤毅典 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=毅典 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=藤井雄一郎 kn-aut-sei=藤井 kn-aut-mei=雄一郎 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=河井崇 kn-aut-sei=河井 kn-aut-mei=崇 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorinagaKunihisa en-aut-sei=Morinaga en-aut-mei=Kunihisa kn-aut-name=森永邦久 kn-aut-sei=森永 kn-aut-mei=邦久 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山県農林水産総合センター農業研究所 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=35 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=18 end-page=22 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=鉢植えブドウ‘デラウェア’における竹粉マルチが果実品質に及ぼす影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=福田文夫 kn-aut-sei=福田 kn-aut-mei=文夫 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=近藤毅典 kn-aut-sei=近藤 kn-aut-mei=毅典 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=山本昭 kn-aut-sei=山本 kn-aut-mei=昭 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=清瀬真美 kn-aut-sei=清瀬 kn-aut-mei=真美 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=森永邦久 kn-aut-sei=森永 kn-aut-mei=邦久 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部附属山陽圏フィールド科学センター affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学農学部 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院環境生命科学研究科 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=86 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=51 end-page=54 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=199702 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Effect of Vine Shading and High Moisture Treatment on Berry Crack in 'Muscat of Alexandria'Grape kn-title=ブドウ‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’の裂果発生に及ぼす樹体の遮光、多湿処理の影響 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=ブドウ’マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’の果房では、収穫期の直前に果たいを中心とした半円状の烈果が発生する。本実験では樹体の遮光、多湿による裂果の発生、果粒と幹の直径の日変化を調査し、両者の関連性を考察した。無処理区では裂果が少数発生し、遮光・多湿区では、裂果が多発した。遮光区では全く発生しなかった。無処理区では、日中に果粒が収縮し、夜間から早朝にかけて急速に肥大したが、これは日中の葉の蒸散による影響と考えられる。これに対して、遮光区では果粒径の日変化は明らかに小さかった。一方、遮光・多湿区では早朝にかけての肥大がもっとも急速であった。これは樹体が高い水分状態である上に、過剰な土壌水分によって水分の流入が起こり、裂果が多発したのではないかと推察される。また、裂果は果房上部で発生しやすく、裂果の発生した果粒はBrixが高い傾向が見られた。表皮および亜表皮組織の細胞の形態にも裂果しやすさと関連する傾向がみられた。 kn-abstract=In 'Muscat of Alexandria'grape berries,concentric cracking around the pedicel generally occurs in the time preceding harvest.In this experiment the effectds of vine shading and high moisture condition on the incidence in berry cracking were studied.The relationship of daily fluctuation of berry and trunk diameter with berry cracking was also investigated.Berry cracking incidence control vines was low.No cracked berries were observed on vines treated with shade only,while shade+high moisture treatment caused several cracked berries.Berries control vines showed contraction during day time and rapid enlargement from evening to early morning. The results suggest that phenomenon was mainly induced by leaf transpiration.Fluctuation of berry diameter in shade vines was insignificant while an expressive enlargement was recorded from evening to early morning in berries of vines treated with shade+high moisture.It appears that berry cracking occurs when low transpiration is coupled with water supply to roots,probably due to excessive absorption of water.Moreover,berry cracking occurred moistly in berries at the upper part of clusters,and cracked berries contained more sugar than non-cracked ones.A correlation between the shape of epidermal and hypodermal cells and berry crack was also observed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AsaokaKatsuhiro en-aut-sei=Asaoka en-aut-mei=Katsuhiro kn-aut-name=朝岡克拓 kn-aut-sei=朝岡 kn-aut-mei=克拓 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaiShunji en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Shunji kn-aut-name=今井俊治 kn-aut-sei=今井 kn-aut-mei=俊治 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=広島県農業技術センター果樹研究所 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=berry cracking kn-keyword=berry cracking en-keyword='Muscat of Alexandria' kn-keyword='Muscat of Alexandria' en-keyword=shade kn-keyword=shade en-keyword=moisture supply kn-keyword=moisture supply END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=73 end-page=78 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199902 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ブドウ’マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’、’ネオ・マスカット’の無核化と果粒サイズに及ぼす抗生物質の処理時期の影響 kn-title=Effects of Application Date of Antibiotic on Seedlessness and Berry Size in 'Muscat of Alexandria'and Neo Muscut'Grapes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract='マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’と’ネオ・マスカット’について、無核化のために行う抗生物質処理の時期がその効果と果粒の肥大に及ぼす影響を調査した。無核化剤としてストレプトマイシンとスペクチノマイシンを用い、満開日(小花の50%が開花)とその6,3日前、および5日後に200mg/MLで果房の浸漬処理を行った。両品種とも、3日前に各抗生物質を処理すると無核化率が最も高かった。それより遅い処理では果粒サイズは大きかったが、空洞種子(empty seed) を含む果粒が多く着生した。 kn-abstract=A study on the effects of the application date of antibiotic on seedlessness and berry size was conduced using 'Muscut of Alexandria'(MOA) and 'Neo Muscut'(NM) grapevines. Two antibiotics were used as seedlessness inducer,streptomycin(SM) and spectinomycine(SE) applied in the concentoration of 200mg/L by dippinng the clusters.The tested of dates of application were 6 and 3 days before full bloom, at full bloom (50% anthesis),and 5days after full bloom.The 3-days before full bloom application gave the highest percentage of seedless berry within each antibiotic in both cultivars.Application after than 3days before full bloon increased production of empty-seeded berries, though the later application was able to increase the berry size and berry weight. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WidodoWinarso Drajad en-aut-sei=Widodo en-aut-mei=Winarso Drajad kn-aut-name=ウィドドウィナルソ ドラジャド kn-aut-sei=ウィドド kn-aut-mei=ウィナルソ ドラジャド aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Streptomycine kn-keyword=Streptomycine en-keyword=spectinomycine kn-keyword=spectinomycine en-keyword=date of application kn-keyword=date of application en-keyword=seedlessness kn-keyword=seedlessness END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=88 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=65 end-page=71 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1999 dt-pub=199902 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Fruit Quolity of'Gros Colman'Grapes Produced on Virus-free Vines kn-title=ウイルスフリー化した’グローコールマン’樹の果実の成熟特性 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=岡山県南部で施設栽培されている晩熟性ブドウの’グローコールマン’では、果実の品質を高めるためにウイルスフリー樹の導入が進められてきた。それによって、多くの場合は果実の着色や糖の蓄積が促進されるようになったが、樹によっては出荷最盛期の12月下旬になると果実の「張り」や食味が低下すると言われている。本研究で主産地の岡山市一宮地区内にある5ケ所の’グロー・コールマン’園で、ウイルスフリー樹と在来樹の果実の成熟を比較した結果、12月上旬から1月中旬までの間に果粒の「張り」や果汁の糖濃度が低下することは認められなかった。しかし、ウイルスフリー樹では果汁のアミノ酸が速く低下する傾向があり、それが食味の低下を引き起こす可能性があると推察される。 kn-abstract=The Grape cultivar 'Gros Coleman'(Vitis vinifera)is the latest-maturing variety in japan,mainly cultivatde in green-houses in southern Okayama.Vines treated with virus-free treatments before raising in a nursery bed have been introduced in the last desade to improve the fuit quality,especially skin coloration and sugar content.However,some growers feel that the fruit taste from treated vines tends to deteriorate earlier than from untreated vines. We investigated change in the qualities of the berries produced on treated and untreated vines from October to January.After analysing skin color,berry turgidity,and juice constituents,we concluded that the palatability of berries on virus-free vines might be lessened in late December or thereafter of the rapid decrease in amino acids such as glutamic acid,glutamine,and alanine,which considerrably affects fruit taste. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MikiYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Miki en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name=三木義博 kn-aut-sei=三木 kn-aut-mei=義博 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuyamaAkiko en-aut-sei=Suyama en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name=陶山晃子 kn-aut-sei=陶山 kn-aut-mei=晃子 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=InubushiHiroki en-aut-sei=Inubushi en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name=犬伏弘樹 kn-aut-sei=犬伏 kn-aut-mei=弘樹 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=grape kn-keyword=grape en-keyword=Gros Coleman kn-keyword=Gros Coleman en-keyword=virus-free kn-keyword=virus-free en-keyword=ripening kn-keyword=ripening en-keyword=turgidity kn-keyword=turgidity END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=89 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=23 end-page=29 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2000 dt-pub=200002 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ブドウ’巨峰’自根樹の根と母枝の耐寒性 kn-title=Cold Resistance in Root and Cane of Own-root 'Kyoho' Grapevines en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=冬季が寒冷な地域で’巨峰’の地域制限栽培を行うためには、根の耐寒性限界を知ることが必要である。そこで、’巨峰’の2年生挿し木個体を12月及び1月に種々の低温で処理し、根のEC及びTTCテスト、組織形態の観察、根挿しによる発根テストなどを行った。その結果、-3.0℃で24日間処理しても直径1〜2mmの細根ではEC,TTC還元力とも変化がないが、直径3〜5mmの大根ではやや変化した。-4℃で12時間処理すると、細根、大根のECとTTC還元力が大きく変化し、根挿しの発根も抑制された。また、根の皮層と放射組織の細胞が破壊され、空洞が生じた。処理した個体の翌春の生長も著しく不良であった。したがって、自根の’巨峰’樹の根は−4℃以下の低温に1晩でも遭遇すると危険である。一方、母枝は−15℃で24日間処理してもECやTTC還元力の変化はなく、挿し木した後の発根も正常であった。しかし、−20℃処理ではECとTTC還元力が大きく変化し、発芽も完全に抑制された。 kn-abstract=Root and cane of own-root 'Kyoho' grapevunes were tested for winter cold resistance using EC(electrical conductivity) and TTC(triphenyl tetrazorium chloride) tests, as well as anatomical observations and survival tests. Vines were exposed to various subzero temperatures for various durations in two separate experimental trials, one in December, one in January. The EC and TTC reduction of small roots (φ3-5mm)were slightly affected. After exposure to -4℃ for only 12 hours the EC markedly increased and TTC reduction decreased in both small and large roots. Cells of cortex and ray tissues in the root were ruptured. New root growth on root cuttings taken from the vine previously exposed to -4℃ was servely inhibited. These results indicate that 'Kyoho' roots cannot resist temperatures of -4℃ or lower even for a single night during winter. On the other hand, 'Kyoho' canes survived -15℃ even for 24 days. However, exposure to -20℃ or -30℃ greatly affected the EC and TTC reduction in the cane and inhibited bud bursting entirely. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WangShippin en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=Shippin kn-aut-name=王世平 kn-aut-sei=王 kn-aut-mei=世平 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=cold resistance kn-keyword=cold resistance en-keyword=Kyoho grapevine kn-keyword=Kyoho grapevine en-keyword=root kn-keyword=root en-keyword=cane kn-keyword=cane END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=90 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=21 end-page=25 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2001 dt-pub=200102 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=ブドウ’マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’の顆粒,皮及び果肉から発散する香気物質 kn-title=Aromatic Substances Evolved from the Whole Berry, Skin, and Flesh of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア’の収穫果実について,果粒,果汁,皮,果肉(2o角に細断)からモンテルペンアルコールをヘッドスペース法によって捕集し,GCで分析した.マスカット香の主成分であるlinaloolとgeraniolなど4種のモノテルペンが分析された.生体重100 ,3時間当たりのモノテルペン捕集量は,皮からが最も多く,続いて,果汁,果肉,皮付きの果肉,果粒の順であった.皮からはlinaloolとgeraniolがほぼ同程度に得られたが,果肉や果汁からはlinaloolがはるかに多量に発散した.100 の果粒を構成する各部に含まれる香気成分の分布をみると,linaloolは果汁に最も多く含まれ,geraniolは皮に多く存在した.これらの結果から,剥皮または皮つきでマスカットの果実を食べる場合の,香りの強さと質の相違を検討した.一方,果粒から発散するモノテルペンは,収穫2日後に主要成分の発生量がピークとなり,その後減少して7日後には最低となった.この現象は,果実内に蓄積されたモノテルペンの配糖体が,収穫と同時に分解された結果と推察される. kn-abstract=Volatile monoterpenes, evolved from the whole berries, skin, and peeled and unpeeled flesh (diced into 2×2×2mm blocks) of Muscat of Alexandria grapes, were measured by the head space method and GC analysis. Four kinds of monoterpene such as linalool and geraniol, known to be the main aromatic substances in Muscat of Alexandria berries, were analyzed. The highest levels of linalool and geraniol, expressed per 100g of samples per 3 hours, were evolved from the skin, followed by the juice, peeled flesh, unpeeled flersh, and whole berries, in descending order. Linalool and geraniol evolved from the skin were found to be at nearly the same level, though the levels of linalool from the juice and flesh were far higher than those of geraniol. The distribution of linalool among the various berry parts was highest in the juice, thoush that of geraniol was highest in the skin. Difference in the strength and quality of the aroma between peeled and unpeeled flesh were discussed. On the other hand, monoterpenes evolved from harvested whole berries increased rapidly for up to 2 days after, then decreased gradually until 7 days after. This change may be caused by the degradation of bound monoterpenes stored in the skin and flesh in excised fruit bunches. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiaoKang en-aut-sei=Liao en-aut-mei=Kang kn-aut-name=廖康 kn-aut-sei=廖 kn-aut-mei=康 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FushimiTakuya en-aut-sei=Fushimi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name=伏見拓也 kn-aut-sei=伏見 kn-aut-mei=拓也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Muscat of Alexandria grape kn-keyword=Muscat of Alexandria grape en-keyword=aroma kn-keyword=aroma en-keyword=monoterpene kn-keyword=monoterpene en-keyword=skin kn-keyword=skin en-keyword=flesh kn-keyword=flesh END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=31 end-page=39 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200202 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=岡山産のマスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア果実に含まれる糖,酸,アミノ酸,モノテルペン含量のばらつき kn-title=Varying Levels of Sugars, Acids, Amino Acids, and Monoterpenes contained in Muscat of Alexandria Grapes Produced in Okayama en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=岡山県で生産されるマスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア果実の味のばらつきを検討するために,ガラス室またはビニールハウス25園(早期加温6園,普通加温9園,無加温10園)で収穫された果房について,果汁に含まれる糖,酸,アミノ酸,モノテルペン含量を分析した.各樹の収穫盛期に果実をサンプリングしたが,各作型の1園ずつでは可溶性固形物含量(TSS)が最低基準の16°付近に達していなかった.これらを除くと,早期加温樹ではグルコース含量が特に低いものがあり,無加温樹ではフラクトース濃度が低い傾向であった.リンゴ酸濃度は早期加温樹で高く,無加温樹で低かったが,酒石酸濃度には作型や樹による差が少なかった.アミノ酸濃度には樹による差が大きかったが,早期加温樹では全アミノ酸,アラニン,γ-アミノ酪酸,プロリンが他の作型よりも低い傾向であった.また,無加温樹ではプロリンは他の作型の樹よりも高い樹が多かったが,グルタミンは著しく低かった.モノテルペンの内,マスカット香の主成分であるリナロール含量は,樹による差が非常に大きかったが,第2主要成分であるゲラニオールは早期加温樹で高かった.これらの果汁成分の相違が果実の味に及ぼす影響について考察した. kn-abstract=Sugars,acids, amino acids, and monoterpenes in Muscat of Alexandria grapes were analyzed to elucidate the distribution of the fruit taste and aroma. Fruit bunches were collected from 25 commercial vineyards in Okayama Prefecture, comprising six early heated, nine normally heated, and 10 unheated greenhouses, at mid-harvesting time in each vineyard. Juice was squeezed out by head and used for analyses. Total soluble solids (TSS) content in juice from 3 vineyards were lower than 16°Brix, the lowest limit for shipping. Average content of glucose was lower in early heated vines and that of fructose was lower in unheated vines than normally heated ones, although there were wide variations among vines. Average malic acid content was highest in early heated vines and by further lowest in unheated vines. However, no significant difference was found in tartaric acid content among the vines. Concentrations of alanine and proline, major amino acids enhancing sweetness, were lower in early heated vines than in normally heated ones. In unheated vines, average concentration of proline was highest, although that of glutamine, a main factor enhancing deliciousness of the juice, was lowest. Threonine, an amino acid which at higher levels decreases sweetness, was detected at various levels depending on the vine. Geraniol, the second major substance of Muscut aroma, was found at significantly higher levels in early heated vines than in the other ones. The relationships between these compositions and the berry flavor were discussed. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiaoKang en-aut-sei=Liao en-aut-mei=Kang kn-aut-name=廖康 kn-aut-sei=廖 kn-aut-mei=康 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FushimiTakuya en-aut-sei=Fushimi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name=伏見拓也 kn-aut-sei=伏見 kn-aut-mei=拓也 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Muscat of Alexandria grape kn-keyword=Muscat of Alexandria grape en-keyword=taste kn-keyword=taste en-keyword=aroma kn-keyword=aroma en-keyword=flavor kn-keyword=flavor en-keyword=Okayama prefecture kn-keyword=Okayama prefecture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=92 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=46 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200302 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=岡山で生産される白色桃の果実サイズ別の果皮色と果汁成分 kn-title=Effect of Fruit Size on Skin Color and Juice Constituents in White Peaches Produced in Okayama en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract=岡山市一宮のモモの選果場に出荷された有袋栽培の‘橋場白鳳’(早生),‘白鳳’(早中生),‘清水白桃’(中生)および‘白麗’(晩生)から,3段階のサイズ(L,M,S)の果実を入手し,完熟状態(手で皮が剥ける)に達するまで25℃の室温においた.それらの果実について,果皮色と果汁成分の分析と果肉の食味テストを行い,果実のサイズによる品質の相違を検討した.‘橋場白鳳’では,S果実は地色が暗く,‘清水白桃’のL果実は着色が濃いが色調が暗く,‘白麗’のL果実は着色が薄くて黄色が強く,いずれも外観が劣った.果汁中の主要な甘味成分であるスクロース+フルクトース含量は,‘白鳳’,‘清水白桃’および‘白麗’ではSまたはL果実で高く,酸味成分のリンゴ酸+クエン酸含量は,それら3品種のL果実で最も低かった.‘橋場白鳳’では果実サイズによる糖・酸含量の有意な差がなかった.果実に苦みを与えるアスパラギン含量は,‘橋場白鳳’と‘白鳳’ではL果実で高かったが,‘清水白桃’と‘白麗’ではどのサイズでも含量が低かった.モモ香の主成分であるγ-decalactoneは,‘橋場白鳳’ではL果実で高かったが,‘白鳳’と‘清水白桃’ではM果実で,‘白麗’ではS果実で高かった.官能テストの結果,‘白鳳’のL果実と‘白麗’のS果実は食味が劣った.これらの結果から,岡山の「白桃」を代表する‘白鳳’,‘清水白桃’,‘白麗’の大果は,中程度の大きさの果実より甘味と酸味が低く,アロマが弱いなど,食味が薄く,肉質も劣ると考えられる. kn-abstract=Skin color and juice constituents in large(L), medium(M), nad small(S) fruits of four peach cultivars, Hashiba-hakuho(early maturing), were analyzed to elucidate the effect of fruit size on the quality. The fruits containing higher soluble solids than 12°Brix were samled at a commercial packing-house located in southen Okayama. They were stored at 25℃ until fully ripened. The skin color on the cheeks (yellowish) was dark in S fruits of Hashiba-hakuto and Hakurei, respectively, compared to the fruits of other sizes. The sucrose + fructose content in juice, the major source of the sweetness, was higher in S and M fruits in Hakuho, Shimisu-hakuto, and Hakurei, while the malic+citric acid content, the major sour constituent, was lower in L fruits in those cultivars, although no significant difference was found in Hashiba-hakuho. Asparagine, the biggest amino acid fraction and thought to deteriorate the fruit taste at high levels, was higher in L fruits tahn in S fruits in Hashiba-hakuho and Hakuho. The content in Shimizu-hakuto and Hakurei fruits was generally low and not affected by fruit size. The content of γ-decalactone, the major peachy aromatic substance, was higher in L fruits in Hashiba-hakuto, in M fruits in Hakuho and Shimizu-hakuto, and in S fruits in Hakurei, than in those of other sizes. Sensory tests revealed that the L fruits of Hakuho and S fruits of Hakurei were poor in flavor. These results suggest that the larger fruits of Hakuho, Shimizu-kakuto, and Hakurei, the representative white peach fruits in Okayama, have rather falatter tastes than medium size fruits because of their lower sweetness and sourness and weaker aroma, as well as poorer texture. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=JiaHuijuan en-aut-sei=Jia en-aut-mei=Huijuan kn-aut-name=賈惠娟 kn-aut-sei=賈 kn-aut-mei=惠娟 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizuguchiKyoko en-aut-sei=Mizuguchi en-aut-mei=Kyoko kn-aut-name=水口京子 kn-aut-sei=水口 kn-aut-mei=京子 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=peach kn-keyword=peach en-keyword=skin color kn-keyword=skin color en-keyword=juice constituents kn-keyword=juice constituents en-keyword=flavor kn-keyword=flavor en-keyword=Okayama Prefecture kn-keyword=Okayama Prefecture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=93 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=39 end-page=43 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2004 dt-pub=200402 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=耐乾・耐湿性に関するヤマブドウ(Vitis colignetiae Pilliat)と生食用ブドウ品種の比較 kn-title=A Comparative Study of Drought and Excess-Water Tolerance in Vitis coignetiae and Several Table Grapes Grown in Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Excess-water and drought tolerance of Vitis coignetiae grapevines were compared against 2 V. vinifera cultivars, Muscat of Alexandria and Rizamat; and 2 hydrids (V. vinifera × V. labrusca), Delaware and Kyoho. Three-year-old cutting vines of each, planted in root zone restricted beds in a plastic house, were tested under water logged and irrigation-withheld conditions starting from early and mid July, respectively. Control vines were irrigated at pF 2.2 of soil water tension. Effects of water logging were firstly observed in V. coignetiae vines where the basal leaves turned dark red after 12 days, and then abscised after 3 weeks. Under 2 weeks of water logged conditions, net assimilation rate (NAR) of the primary leaves decreased signficantly in V. coignetiae and the hybrid cultivars, Kyoho leaves turned yellow 3 weeks after the onset of the treatment and then dried out 4 weeks later. Leaves of Rizamat, Delaware, and Muscut of Alexandria vines exhibited a slight color fading or leaf curling after 4 weeks of irrigation withholding, but these symptoms did not extend thereafter. Leaf NAR and transpiration rate decreased significantly in all tested vines after 10 days of irrigation withholding, though the decrease was rapid in Kyoho vines. These results indicate that V. coignetiae vines have a lower tolerance for water logging than other ciltivars, whereas they have moderate drought tolerance. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UekiKeiji en-aut-sei=Ueki en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name=植木啓司 kn-aut-sei=植木 kn-aut-mei=啓司 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaiTakashi en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=今井孝 kn-aut-sei=今井 kn-aut-mei=孝 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=Vitis coignetiae kn-keyword=Vitis coignetiae en-keyword=drought tolerance kn-keyword=drought tolerance en-keyword=excess-water tolerance kn-keyword=excess-water tolerance en-keyword=NAR kn-keyword=NAR en-keyword=leaf drying kn-keyword=leaf drying END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=20030325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ブドウ果実に含まれるアミノ酸とその食味に対する貢献 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=83 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=1994 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Aromatic Components of Several Table Grapes Produced in Japan kn-title=生食用ブドウの香気成分について en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=生食用の雑種4品種('キャンベル・アーリー','巨峰','竜宝','マスカット・ベーリーA')とV.viniferaの'ネオマスカット'の香気成分を調査した.また,果汁中の揮発性成分をLiquid-liquid extraction法,Solvent extraction法,Head-space analysis法の3種類の方法で抽出し,その結果を比較検討した. 'ネオマスカット'からはV.viniferaの代表的な香気成分であるリナール,α-テルピネオール,シトロネロール,ネロール,ゲラニオールが検出された.とくにゲラニオールが量的に多かった.雑種4品種からは多量の2-フェニルエチルアルコールが検出された.しかしV.labruscaに特徴的に含まれるとされるアントラニル酸メチルは検出されなかった. Liquid-liquid extraction法, Solvent extraction法の2つの抽出方法では,検出成分の種類は変わらなかったが,Solvent extraction法の方が揮発性成分が量的に多く検出された. Head-space analysis 法では得られた揮発性成分が少なく固定もできなかった。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaMasayuki en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Masayuki kn-aut-name=安原正幸 kn-aut-sei=安原 kn-aut-mei=正幸 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=香気成分 kn-keyword=香気成分 en-keyword=生食用ブドウ kn-keyword=生食用ブドウ en-keyword=揮発性成分 kn-keyword=揮発性成分 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=82 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=25 end-page=29 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1993 dt-pub=1993 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=胚珠培養、胚培養による3倍体マスカット個体の育成 kn-title=Obtaining Triploid Muscat Grapes by in vitro Culture of Ovules and Embryos After Crossing Between Diploid and Tetraploid Cultivars en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To breed new seedless grape cultivars we crossed 'Muscat of Alexandria' (2x) and its 4x mutant reciprocally and cultured the immature ovules and embryos in vitro. Ovules sampled 50 days after crossing could develop embryos on a liquid medium of half strength of MS supplemented with 2 ppm of IAA, 0.4 ppm of GA3 and 0.1 % of activated charcoal. After 55 days culture, normally developed embryos were obtained from 20 to 30 % of the ovules from 4x×2x and 50 to 70 % of those from 2x×4x. Embryos taken out from the cultured ovules were planted on an agar medium of MS or N&N for 55 to 65 days. Ten to twenty % of embryos from 2x×4x crossing grew to rooted plantlets successfully. They were proved to be triploid after the measurement of chromosome number. Embryos from 4x×x2x, however, could not grow to plantlets because of the failure of rooting. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakamaruNaomi en-aut-sei=Tanakamaru en-aut-mei=Naomi kn-aut-name=田中丸直美 kn-aut-sei=田中丸 kn-aut-mei=直美 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoriNaoki en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=大森直樹 kn-aut-sei=大森 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=胚珠培養 kn-keyword=胚珠培養 en-keyword=胚培養 kn-keyword=胚培養 en-keyword=マスカット個体 kn-keyword=マスカット個体 en-keyword=育成 kn-keyword=育成 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=80 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=85 end-page=91 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Seed Development and Seedling Growth After Reciprocal Crossing Between Diploid and Tetraploid Muscat Grapes kn-title=2倍体と4倍体のマスカットブドウの正逆交雑種子の発育と実生の獲得 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=1.マスカット系の無核品種を育成するために,2倍体品種と4倍体品種の正逆交雑を行い,結実及び種子形成率,胚の発育,種子の発芽と実生の生育を2倍体品種の自家受粉の場合と比較した. 2.4倍体×2倍体の組み合わせでは,結実率は高い傾向であったが,無核果が多く,有核果の含種子数も少なく,2倍体×4倍体の組み合わせに比べて種子の獲得数ははるかに少なかった.これに比べ,2倍体の自家受粉では有核果率及び含種子数がもっとも高かった. 3.2倍体の自家受粉では結実した子房内の胚珠の約67%が正常に発育していたが,2倍体×4倍体及び4倍体×2倍体では珠心の萎縮による胚珠の退化が多く,正常なものはそれぞれ約47%,約10%にすぎなかった.それらの胚は,2倍体×4倍体では2倍体の自家受粉と大差なくその後も発達したが,4倍体×2倍体では球状胚以上に発達するものはなかった. 4.成熟果粒から取り出した種子に休眠打破処理を行い,播種した2倍体×4倍体の種子の発芽率と実生の獲得率は,2倍体の自家受粉種子の約3分の1であった.4倍体×2倍体では実生は得られなかった。 en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OkamotoGoro en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Goro kn-aut-name=岡本五郎 kn-aut-sei=岡本 kn-aut-mei=五郎 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiranoKen en-aut-sei=Hirano en-aut-mei=Ken kn-aut-name=平野健 kn-aut-sei=平野 kn-aut-mei=健 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakamaruNaomi en-aut-sei=Tanakamaru en-aut-mei=Naomi kn-aut-name=田中丸直美 kn-aut-sei=田中丸 kn-aut-mei=直美 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoriNaoki en-aut-sei=Omori en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name=大森直樹 kn-aut-sei=大森 kn-aut-mei=直樹 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 en-keyword=マスカットブドウ kn-keyword=マスカットブドウ en-keyword=正逆交雑種子 kn-keyword=正逆交雑種子 en-keyword=発育 kn-keyword=発育 en-keyword=実生 kn-keyword=実生 END