start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=21 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=913 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Multifaceted Analyses of Epidermal Serine Protease Activity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The serine proteases kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 5 and KLK7 cleave cell adhesion molecules in the epidermis. Aberrant epidermal serine protease activity is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We collected the stratum corneum (SC) from healthy individuals (n = 46) and AD patients (n = 63) by tape stripping and then measuring the trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine protease activity. We also analyzed the p.D386N and p.E420K of SPINK5 variants and loss-of-function mutations of FLG in the AD patients. The serine protease activity in the SC was increased not only in AD lesions but also in non-lesions of AD patients. We found, generally, that there was a positive correlation between the serine protease activity in the SC and the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels, and peripheral blood eosinophil counts. Moreover, the p.D386N or p.E420K in SPINK5 and FLG mutations were not significantly associated with the SC's serine protease activity. Epidermal serine protease activity was increased even in non-lesions of AD patients. Such activity was found to correlate with a number of biomarkers of AD. Further investigations of serine proteases might provide new treatments and prophylaxis for AD. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NomuraHayato en-aut-sei=Nomura en-aut-mei=Hayato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SuganumaMutsumi en-aut-sei=Suganuma en-aut-mei=Mutsumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeichiTakuya en-aut-sei=Takeichi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonoMichihiro en-aut-sei=Kono en-aut-mei=Michihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsokaneYuki en-aut-sei=Isokane en-aut-mei=Yuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunagawaKo en-aut-sei=Sunagawa en-aut-mei=Ko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobashiMina en-aut-sei=Kobashi en-aut-mei=Mina kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiharaSatoru en-aut-sei=Sugihara en-aut-mei=Satoru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KajitaAi en-aut-sei=Kajita en-aut-mei=Ai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeTomoko en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraiYoji en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiOsamu en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkiyamaMasashi en-aut-sei=Akiyama en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneShin en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science kn-affil= en-keyword=atopic dermatitis kn-keyword=atopic dermatitis en-keyword=serine proteases kn-keyword=serine proteases en-keyword=kallikrein-related peptidases kn-keyword=kallikrein-related peptidases en-keyword=epidermal barrier dysfunction kn-keyword=epidermal barrier dysfunction en-keyword=lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) kn-keyword=lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) en-keyword=SPINK5 kn-keyword=SPINK5 en-keyword=filaggrin kn-keyword=filaggrin END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=92 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=3689 end-page=3696 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200407 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The aim of the measurement of Epstein‐Barr virus DNA in hydroa vacciniforme and hypersensitivity to mosquito bites en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in the blood increases in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and chronic active EBV infection. In this report, we analyzed the EBV DNA load in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of patients with hydroa vacciniforme (HV) and/or hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) to understand the clinical significance of EBV DNA load. All 30 patients showed high DNA loads in the PBMCs over the cut‐off level. Of 16 plasma samples, extremely high in two samples obtained from patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The amount of cell‐free DNA in plasma was correlated to the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and inversely correlated to platelet counts. These results indicate that the EBV DNA load in PBMCs can provide one of the diagnostic indicators for HV and HMB and marked elevation of cell‐free EBV DNA in plasma might be related to cytolysis such as that observed in HLH. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MiyakeTomoko en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwatsukiKeiji en-aut-sei=Iwatsuki en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraiYoji en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Yoji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoTakenobu en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Takenobu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamadaToshihisa en-aut-sei=Hamada en-aut-mei=Toshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Fujii Kazuyasu en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei= Kazuyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=mamuraHideaki en-aut-sei=mamura en-aut-mei=Hideaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorizaneShin en-aut-sei=Morizane en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Epstein-Barr Virus DNA load kn-keyword=Epstein-Barr Virus DNA load en-keyword=hydroa vaccniforme kn-keyword=hydroa vaccniforme en-keyword=hypersensitivity to mosquito bite kn-keyword=hypersensitivity to mosquito bite en-keyword=hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis kn-keyword=hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis END