start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=21
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=316
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2021
dt-pub=20210604
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=The effect of Humanitude care methodology on improving empathy: a six-year longitudinal study of medical students in Japan
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background
Empathy, which involves understanding another person's experiences and concerns, is an important component for developing physicians' overall competence. This longitudinal study was designed to test the hypothesis that medical students' empathy can be enhanced and sustained by Humanitude Care Methodology, which focuses on perception, emotion and speech.
Methods
This six-year longitudinal observational study examined 115 students who entered Okayama University Medical School in 2013. The study participants were exposed to two empathy-enhancing programs: (1) a communication skills training program (involving medical interviews) and (2) a Humanitude training program aimed at enhancing their empathy. They completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) seven times: when they entered medical school, before participation in the first program (medical interview), immediately after the first program, before the second program (Humanitude exercise), immediately after the second program, and in the 5th and 6th year (last year) of medical school. A total of 79 students (69% of the cohort) completed all seven test administrations of the JSE.
Results
The mean JSE scores improved significantly after participation in the medical interview program (p<0.01) and the Humanitude training program (p=0.001). However, neither program showed a sustained effect.
Conclusions
The Humanitude training program as well as medical interview training program, had significant short-term positive effects for improving empathy among medical students. Additional reinforcements may be necessary for a long-term sustained effect.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=FukuyasuYusuke
en-aut-sei=Fukuyasu
en-aut-mei=Yusuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KataokaHitomi U.
en-aut-sei=Kataoka
en-aut-mei=Hitomi U.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HondaMiwako
en-aut-sei=Honda
en-aut-mei=Miwako
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=IwaseToshihide
en-aut-sei=Iwase
en-aut-mei=Toshihide
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OgawaHiroko
en-aut-sei=Ogawa
en-aut-mei=Hiroko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SatoMasaru
en-aut-sei=Sato
en-aut-mei=Masaru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=WatanabeMayu
en-aut-sei=Watanabe
en-aut-mei=Mayu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=FujiiChikako
en-aut-sei=Fujii
en-aut-mei=Chikako
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=WadaJun
en-aut-sei=Wada
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DeSantisJennifer
en-aut-sei=DeSantis
en-aut-mei=Jennifer
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HojatMohammadreza
en-aut-sei=Hojat
en-aut-mei=Mohammadreza
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
en-aut-name=GonnellaJoseph S.
en-aut-sei=Gonnella
en-aut-mei=Joseph S.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Okayama University Hospital Center for Diversity and Inclusion
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Geriatric Research Division, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Okayama University Hospital Center for Diversity and Inclusion
kn-affil=
affil-num=9
en-affil=Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Asano-Gonnella Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
kn-affil=
affil-num=11
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Asano-Gonnella Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
kn-affil=
affil-num=12
en-affil=Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Asano-Gonnella Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Empathy
kn-keyword=Empathy
en-keyword=Humanitude
kn-keyword=Humanitude
en-keyword=Medical education
kn-keyword=Medical education
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=127
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=13
end-page=17
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2015
dt-pub=20150401
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Okayama University Survey of the current situation of community-based medical facilities supported by part-time work by physicians
kn-title=岡山大学勤務医師による非常勤勤務を通した地域医療支援の現状調査
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract= We investigated the situation of how physicians at Okayama University support local medical institutions by serving as a part-time worker, and analyzed the difference between the five medical districts of Okayama prefecture and other prefectures. Many physicians (actual number of physicians, full-time equivalent number of physicians) served in the southeastern region of the Okayama prefecture (339, 82.2). On the other hand, fewer physicians (42, 11.4) served in Takahashi・Niimi in the northwestern region of Okayama. Many physicians also served in Hiroshima prefecture (193, 48.8), Hyogo prefecture (109, 26.7), and the four prefectures of Shikoku Island (81, 23.6).
It has been clarified that many physicians at Okayama University are working on a part-time basis to support local and community medical institutions in the wide area of Okayama prefecture, Hiroshima prefecture, Hyogo prefecture and the four prefectures of Shikoku Island.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=TeshigawaraSanae
en-aut-sei=Teshigawara
en-aut-mei=Sanae
kn-aut-name=勅使川早苗
kn-aut-sei=勅使川
kn-aut-mei=早苗
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=IwaseToshihide
en-aut-sei=Iwase
en-aut-mei=Toshihide
kn-aut-name=岩瀬敏秀
kn-aut-sei=岩瀬
kn-aut-mei=敏秀
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KanamoriTatsuya
en-aut-sei=Kanamori
en-aut-mei=Tatsuya
kn-aut-name=金森達也
kn-aut-sei=金森
kn-aut-mei=達也
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KawabataTomoko
en-aut-sei=Kawabata
en-aut-mei=Tomoko
kn-aut-name=川畑智子
kn-aut-sei=川畑
kn-aut-mei=智子
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SatoMasaru
en-aut-sei=Sato
en-aut-mei=Masaru
kn-aut-name=佐藤勝
kn-aut-sei=佐藤
kn-aut-mei=勝
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=Usui KataokaHitomi
en-aut-sei=Usui Kataoka
en-aut-mei=Hitomi
kn-aut-name=片岡仁美
kn-aut-sei=片岡
kn-aut-mei=仁美
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 地域医療人材育成
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山県地域医療支援センター 岡山大学支部
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 地域医療人材育成
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 地域医療人材育成
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 地域医療人材育成
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 地域医療人材育成
en-keyword=岡山大学勤務医師（physicians at Okayama University）
kn-keyword=岡山大学勤務医師（physicians at Okayama University）
en-keyword=非常勤勤務（part-time worker）
kn-keyword=非常勤勤務（part-time worker）
en-keyword=地域医療機関支援（community-based medical facilities）
kn-keyword=地域医療機関支援（community-based medical facilities）
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=13
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2013
dt-pub=20131217
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Group involvement and self-rated health among the Japanese elderly: an examination of bonding and bridging social capital
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background: To date, only a small amount of research on bonding/bridging social capital has separately examined their effects on health though they have been thought to have differential effects on health outcomes. By using a large population-based sample of elderly Japanese people, we sought to investigate the association between bonding and bridging social capital and self-rated health for men and women separately.
Methods: In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged >= 65 years in three municipalities in Okayama prefecture (n = 21232), and 13929 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). Social capital was measured from survey responses to questions on participation in six different types of groups: a) the elderly club or sports/hobby/culture circle; b) alumni association; c) political campaign club; d) citizen's group or environmental preservation activity; e) community association; and f) religious organization. Participant perception of group homogeneity (gender, age, and previous occupation) was used to divide social capital into bonding or bridging. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor self-rated health were calculated.
Results: A total of 11146 subjects (4441 men and 6705 women) were available for the analysis. Among men, bonding and bridging social capital were inversely associated with poor self-rated health (high bonding social capital; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.99; high bridging social capital; OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81) after adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, overweight, living arrangements, and type-D personality. The beneficial effect among women was more likely limited to bonding social capital (high bonding social capital; OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-1.00), and the association between bridging social capital and self-rated health was less clear (high bridging social capital; OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.07).
Conclusions: Bonding/bridging social capital could have differential associations with self-rated health among the Japanese elderly depending on the individual's sex. Considering the lack of consensus on how to measure bonding and bridging social capital, however, we need to carefully assess the generalizability of our findings. Further research is warranted to identify health-relevant dimensions of social capital in different cultural or economic settings.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=KishimotoYoko
en-aut-sei=Kishimoto
en-aut-mei=Yoko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SuzukiEtsuji
en-aut-sei=Suzuki
en-aut-mei=Etsuji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=IwaseToshihide
en-aut-sei=Iwase
en-aut-mei=Toshihide
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DoiHiroyuki
en-aut-sei=Doi
en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakaoSoshi
en-aut-sei=Takao
en-aut-mei=Soshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Epidemiol
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Epidemiol
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Support Ctr Med Cooperat Human Resource Placement
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Epidemiol
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Epidemiol
en-keyword=Social capital
kn-keyword=Social capital
en-keyword=Bonding
kn-keyword=Bonding
en-keyword=Bridging
kn-keyword=Bridging
en-keyword=Self-rated health
kn-keyword=Self-rated health
en-keyword=Elderly
kn-keyword=Elderly
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=8
cd-vols=
no-issue=10
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2013
dt-pub=20131017
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Type D Personality Is Associated with Psychological Distress and Poor Self-Rated Health among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in Japan
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=We investigated the association between Type D personality, psychological distress, and self-ratings of poor health in elderly Japanese people. In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged >= 65 in three municipalities (n = 21232) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, and. 13929 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). To assess mental and physical health outcomes, we used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and a single item question regarding perceived general health. We analyzed 9759 questionnaires to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for several health outcomes, adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, overweight status, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and number of cohabiters. The multiple imputation method was employed for missing data regarding Type D personality. The prevalence of Type D personality in our sample was 46.2%. After adjusting for covariates, we found that participants with Type D personality were at 4-5 times the risk of psychological distress, and twice the risk of poor self-rated health. This association was stronger in participants aged 65-74 years (psychological distress; OR: 5.80, 95% CI: 4.96-6.78, poor self-rated health; OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 2.38-3.38) than in those aged over 75 years (psychological distress; OR: 4.54, 95% CI: 3.96-5.19, poor self-rated health; OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.79-2.34). Type D personality is associated with adverse health status among Japanese elderly people in terms of mental and physical risk; therefore, further research into the implications of this personality type is warranted.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=KasaiYosuke
en-aut-sei=Kasai
en-aut-mei=Yosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SuzukiEtsuji
en-aut-sei=Suzuki
en-aut-mei=Etsuji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=IwaseToshihide
en-aut-sei=Iwase
en-aut-mei=Toshihide
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DoiHiroyuki
en-aut-sei=Doi
en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakaoSoshi
en-aut-sei=Takao
en-aut-mei=Soshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Support Ctr Med Cooperat Human Resource Placement
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=66
cd-vols=
no-issue=4
article-no=
start-page=343
end-page=350
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2012
dt-pub=201208
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Does Caregiver’s Social Bonding Enhance the Health of their Children?:The Association between Social Capital and Child Behaviors
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Little is known about the association between social capital and child behaviors. This study aims to investigate that association. A complete population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted for all the caregivers with preschool children in a rural town in Okayama prefecture in Japan. Two dimensions
of individual-level social capital and unhealthy child behaviors were reported by parent-administered
questionnaire. We analyzed 354 preschool children (57.6% of all children for whom questionnaires
were completed). Children whose main caregiver had high cognitive social capital were 89% less likely to miss breakfast (odds ratio [OR]＝0.11;95% confidence interval [CI]:0.01-1.03). Children whose caregiver had high structural social capital were 71% less likely to wake up late (OR＝0.29;95% CI:0.12-0.71) and 78% less likely to skip tooth brushing more than once per day (OR＝0.22;95% CI:0.05-0.93). Both cognitive and structural social capital were negatively associated with unhealthy child behaviors. A further intervention study is needed to confirm the impact of social capital
on child behavior.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=FujiwaraTakeo
en-aut-sei=Fujiwara
en-aut-mei=Takeo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakaoSoshi
en-aut-sei=Takao
en-aut-mei=Soshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=IwaseToshihide
en-aut-sei=Iwase
en-aut-mei=Toshihide
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HamadaJun
en-aut-sei=Hamada
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KawachiIchiro
en-aut-sei=Kawachi
en-aut-mei=Ichiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Health Policy & Health Economics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health
en-keyword=tooth brushing
kn-keyword=tooth brushing
en-keyword=child health
kn-keyword=child health
en-keyword=social capital
kn-keyword=social capital
en-keyword=skipping breakfast
kn-keyword=skipping breakfast
en-keyword=watching TV
kn-keyword=watching TV
END