start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=705 end-page=721 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241220 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=SHORT AND CROOKED AWN, encoding the epigenetic regulator EMF1, promotes barley awn development en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The awn is a bristle-like extension from the tip of the lemma in grasses. In barley, the predominant cultivars possess long awns that contribute to grain yield and quality through photosynthesis. In addition, various awn morphological mutants are available in barley, rendering it a useful cereal crop to investigate the mechanims of awn development. Here, we identified the gene causative of the short and crooked awn (sca) mutant, which exhibits a short and curved awn phenotype. Intercrossing experiments revealed that the sca mutant induced in the Japanese cultivar (cv.) “Akashinriki” is allelic to the independently isolated moderately short-awn mutant breviaristatum-a (ari-a). Map-based cloning and sequencing revealed that SCA encodes the Polycomb group–associated protein EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1. We found that SCA affects awn development through the promotion of cell proliferation, elongation, and cell wall synthesis. RNA sequencing of cv. Bowman backcross-derived near-isogenic lines of sca and ari-a6 alleles showed that SCA is directly or indirectly involved in promoting the expression of genes related to awn development. Additionally, SCA represses various transcription factors essential for floral organ development and plant architecture, such as MADS-box and Knotted1-like homeobox genes. Notably, the repression of the C-class MADS-box gene HvMADS58 by SCA in awns is associated with the accumulation of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3. These findings highlight the potential role of SCA-mediated gene regulation, including histone modification, as a novel pathway in barley awn development. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakamuraKoki en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Koki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KikuchiYuichi en-aut-sei=Kikuchi en-aut-mei=Yuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShiragaMizuho en-aut-sei=Shiraga en-aut-mei=Mizuho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KotakeToshihisa en-aut-sei=Kotake en-aut-mei=Toshihisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HyodoKiwamu en-aut-sei=Hyodo en-aut-mei=Kiwamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaketaShin en-aut-sei=Taketa en-aut-mei=Shin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaYoko en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=barley kn-keyword=barley en-keyword=awn development kn-keyword=awn development en-keyword=EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 (EMF1) kn-keyword=EMBRYONIC FLOWER 1 (EMF1) en-keyword=homeotic genes kn-keyword=homeotic genes en-keyword=H3K27 trimethylation kn-keyword=H3K27 trimethylation en-keyword=epigenetic regulation kn-keyword=epigenetic regulation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=1438 end-page=1448 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200415 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Life-Course Monitoring of Endogenous Phytohormone Levels under Field Conditions Reveals Diversity of Physiological States among Barley Accessions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Agronomically important traits often develop during the later stages of crop growth as consequences of various plant–environment interactions. Therefore, the temporal physiological states that change and accumulate during the crop’s life course can significantly affect the eventual phenotypic differences in agronomic traits among crop varieties. Thus, to improve productivity, it is important to elucidate the associations between temporal physiological responses during the growth of different crop varieties and their agronomic traits. However, data representing the dynamics and diversity of physiological states in plants grown under field conditions are sparse. In this study, we quantified the endogenous levels of five phytohormones — auxin, cytokinins (CKs), ABA, jasmonate and salicylic acid — in the leaves of eight diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions grown under field conditions sampled weekly over their life course to assess the ongoing fluctuations in hormone levels in the different accessions under field growth conditions. Notably, we observed enormous changes over time in the development-related plant hormones, such as auxin and CKs. Using 3′ RNA-seq-based transcriptome data from the same samples, we investigated the expression of barley genes orthologous to known hormone-related genes of Arabidopsis throughout the life course. These data illustrated the dynamics and diversity of the physiological states of these field-grown barley accessions. Together, our findings provide new insights into plant–environment interactions, highlighting that there is cultivar diversity in physiological responses during growth under field conditions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HirayamaTakashi en-aut-sei=Hirayama en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaishoDaisuke en-aut-sei=Saisho en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuuraTakakazu en-aut-sei=Matsuura en-aut-mei=Takakazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahagiKotaro en-aut-sei=Takahagi en-aut-mei=Kotaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanataniAsaka en-aut-sei=Kanatani en-aut-mei=Asaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoJun en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaYoko en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=MochidaKeiichi en-aut-sei=Mochida en-aut-mei=Keiichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=transcriptome kn-keyword=transcriptome en-keyword=barley kn-keyword=barley en-keyword=filed conditions kn-keyword=filed conditions en-keyword=hormone profiling kn-keyword=hormone profiling en-keyword=life-course monitoring kn-keyword=life-course monitoring END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=470 end-page=480 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191113 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Regulation of the Poly(A) Status of Mitochondrial mRNA by Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease Is Conserved among Land Plants en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Regulation of the stability and the quality of mitochondrial RNA is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial and cellular functions in eukaryotes. We have previously reported that the eukaryotic poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the prokaryotic poly(A) polymerase encoded by AHG2 and AGS1, respectively, coordinately regulate the poly(A) status and the stability of mitochondrial mRNA in Arabidopsis. Mitochondrial function of PARN has not been reported in any other eukaryotes. To know how much this PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulation is conserved among plants, we studied the AHG2 and AGS1 counterparts of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, a member of basal land plant lineage. We found that M. polymorpha has one ortholog each for AHG2 and AGS1, named MpAHG2 and MpAGS1, respectively. Their Citrine-fused proteins were detected in mitochondria of the liverwort. Molecular genetic analysis showed that MpAHG2 is essential and functionally interacts with MpAGS1 as observed in Arabidopsis. A recombinant MpAHG2 protein had a deadenylase activity in vitro. Overexpression of MpAGS1 and the reduced expression of MpAHG2 caused an accumulation of polyadenylated Mpcox1 mRNA. Furthermore, MpAHG2 suppressed Arabidopsis ahg2-1 mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the PARN-based mitochondrial mRNA regulatory system is conserved in land plants. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KanazawaMai en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Mai kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaYoko en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Yoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishihamaRyuichi en-aut-sei=Nishihama en-aut-mei=Ryuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaokaShohei en-aut-sei=Yamaoka en-aut-mei=Shohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=LeeNam-Hee en-aut-sei=Lee en-aut-mei=Nam-Hee kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamatoKatsuyuki T en-aut-sei=Yamato en-aut-mei=Katsuyuki T kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KohchiTakayuk en-aut-sei=Kohchi en-aut-mei=Takayuk kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HirayamaTakashi en-aut-sei=Hirayama en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Science for Bioresources, Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Arabidopsis kn-keyword=Arabidopsis en-keyword=Marchantia polymorpha kn-keyword=Marchantia polymorpha en-keyword=Mitochondria kn-keyword=Mitochondria en-keyword= Poly(A) polymerase kn-keyword= Poly(A) polymerase en-keyword=Poly(A) regulation kn-keyword=Poly(A) regulation en-keyword= Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease kn-keyword= Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease END