start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=42
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=1
end-page=19
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=20100910
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=The Japanese American Citizens’ Movement in Seattle, 1921-1928
kn-title=シアトル最初期の日系市民運動
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=In September 1921, the Seattle Progressive Citizens’ League was formed with the help of the North American Japanese Association. Led by Haru Osawa, the Secretary, the League started various activities to increase the political awareness of the second-generation Japanese Americans. Haru’s eagerness and leadership ability aroused the hope of people for the future of the League. George Yamaoka, the Secretary of the University Student Club, was also eager for the empowerment of the status of the Japanese Americans in those years. In November 1923, however, Haru Osawa departed this life too young. George Yamaoka also left Seattle to go on to the graduate school in Washington D.C. After the death of Haru Osawa, the League continued to try to improve the conditions of the Japanese Americans in Seattle. It made efforts to increase the membership. It tried to increase the voter turnout of the Japanese Americans. And it sent delegates to the conference of the American Loyalty League, its counter part in California. The vigor of the years when Haru Osawa had been leading the League, however, was gradually lost. In 1928, James Sakamoto began to publish the Japanese American Courier and the League was reorganized under the leadership of Clarence Takeya Arai.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=KurokawaKatsutoshi
en-aut-sei=Kurokawa
en-aut-mei=Katsutoshi
kn-aut-name=黒川勝利
kn-aut-sei=黒川
kn-aut-mei=勝利
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=42
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=77
end-page=87
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=20100910
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Consumption-tax-financed fertility policy and persistent intergenerational inequality: A preliminary exploration
kn-title=消費税を財源とする少子化対策と持続的世代間格差に関する予備的考察
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The paper incorporates into a standard two-period-lived overlapping generations model with Cobb-Douglas utility and Cobb-Douglas production technology a government that levies a tax on consumption and households that have an opportunity to choose the fertility rate. The government spends all the tax revenue to finance
the policy aiming to increase the national birth rate. Each young household faces a binary choice between 'high fertility' and 'low fertility', depending on the level of the government’s expenditure on that policy. The government’s policy together with the fertility choice by the households can give rise to strong nonlinearity
in the transition equation of the economy. Numerical simulations show that the economic system exhibits endogenous cyclical or chaotic fluctuations in fertility for a large set of values of consumption tax rates. It is also numerically shown that some (inappropriate) choice of the tax rate by the government can cause persistent intergenerational inequality.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=YokooMasanori
en-aut-sei=Yokoo
en-aut-mei=Masanori
kn-aut-name=横尾昌紀
kn-aut-sei=横尾
kn-aut-mei=昌紀
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=42
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=47
end-page=75
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=20100910
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Welfare Analysis of Progressive Expenditure Taxation in Japan
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=This paper aims to establish guidelines for public pension reform in an aging Japan, using a numerical simulation approach. The paper examines the effects of demographic change and public pension policies on economic growth and welfare, using a dynamic life-cycle general equilibrium model. It deals with the benchmark case with
the current Japanese pension schedule based on the 2004 reform, and the reform cases in which the whole basic pension benefit is financed by a consumption tax and in which the earnings-related pension is abolished. Moreover, it handles the case in which a progressive expenditure (or consumption) tax is introduced. The simulation results show that the level of economic welfare is higher under these reforms than under the current pension schedule.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkamotoAkira
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Akira
kn-aut-name=岡本章
kn-aut-sei=岡本
kn-aut-mei=章
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=ShimaToshihiko
en-aut-sei=Shima
en-aut-mei=Toshihiko
kn-aut-name=島俊彦
kn-aut-sei=島
kn-aut-mei=俊彦
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University

affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=University of Tokyo
en-keyword=Aging population
kn-keyword=Aging population
en-keyword=Public pension reform
kn-keyword=Public pension reform
en-keyword=Basic pension
kn-keyword=Basic pension
en-keyword=Progressive expenditure tax
kn-keyword=Progressive expenditure tax
en-keyword=Life-cycle general equilibrium simulation model
kn-keyword=Life-cycle general equilibrium simulation model
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=42
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=21
end-page=45
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=20100910
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Mechanizm upadku socjalistycznego systemu gospodarczego
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=In this article, I will try to present the mechanism of the collapse of the socialist economic system based on empirical analysis of reforms of the Polish socialist economy. In Poland, there were several attempts to carry out
economic reforms, but in most cases, the experiments failed. I therefore examined why the reforms failed, and why reform ultimately stalled in deadlock. I focused on the stiffness of basic architecture of the “traditional” system, the structural cyclicity of the reforms, the political limits of deepening of socialist reforms, compatibility and interactivity between the platform of the system and functioning mechanisms. Reasons for inability to build an effective system through reform of the socialist economy can be traced back to the rigidity of the platform. The logic wove into the basic architecture withdraw the functioning mechanism, which was partially improved in order to fit the environment, to the original logic. This rigidity of the platform formed cyclicity of the economic reform. Therefore, the system does not function efficiently if the platform is not essentially replaced. However, the basic architecture of the platform is an ideological base of the socialist system, and changing this lead to the denial of socialism. These are the limitations of economic reforms in the socialist system. This inflexibility also caused the collapse of the system and it inevitably led to the systemic transformation.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=TaguchiMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Taguchi
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=田口雅弘
kn-aut-sei=田口
kn-aut-mei=雅弘
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山大学
END