Two-directional arthrographic findings made during conservative treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip were compared with the femoral-head configurations and radiological results obtained from long-term follow-up examinations in this retrospective study. Sixty hips were followed until at least age 14. Arthrography was carried out according to Terazawa's method. The shape of the superior, anterior, and posterior limbus was evaluated based on a modified Fujii's classification. The femoral-head configuration was classified into 4 groups, and the radiological results were evaluated using Severin's classification at the final observation. There was a statistically significant relationship between the shape of the anterior limbus, the number of portions of deformed limbus (superior, anterior, posterior), and the femoral-head configuration. Also, a statistically significant relationship between the shape of the limbus and Severin's classification was observed. These results suggest that the deformed limbus seems to play an important role in triggering femoral-head deformities, possibly via mechanical compression, and negatively affects development of the hip joint.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HaraShinosuke en-aut-sei=Hara en-aut-mei=Shinosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkazawaHirofumi en-aut-sei=Akazawa en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitaniShigeru en-aut-sei=Mitani en-aut-mei=Shigeru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OdaKo en-aut-sei=Oda en-aut-mei=Ko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueHajime en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Hajime kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=femoral-head deformity kn-keyword=femoral-head deformity en-keyword=developmental dislocation of the hip kn-keyword=developmental dislocation of the hip en-keyword=arthrographic findings kn-keyword=arthrographic findings END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=111 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A study on intraalveolar exudates in acute mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Pathologic features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (M. pneumonia) are generally non-specific, and the literature regarding the pathologic features of M. pneumonia with intraalveolar exudates is limited. Clinical and histopathological studies were performed in 3 patients with M. pneumonia which did not respond to erythromycin and minocycline, but all rapidly recovered after corticosteroid therapy. In pathologic findings, we observed intraalveolar exudates and focal organization in M. pneumonia, and its intraalveolar lesions were compared between M. pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia containing fibrin (BOOP). Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex method with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody and anti-pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody. In pathologic findings, more fibrin deposits in intaalveolar lesions were observed in M. pneumonia than in BOOP. In intaalveolar lesions of M. pneumonia, a larger amount of nuclear debris, more neutrophils, and more erythrocytes were noted. Myofibroblasts were observed in the organization of BOOP, while in the intaalveolar lesions of M. pneumonia, myofibroblasts were not observed. These results suggest that M. pneumonia with intraalveolar exudates responds well to corticosteroid and its intraalveolar lesions apparently differed from those in BOOP.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshinouchiTakeo en-aut-sei=Yoshinouchi en-aut-mei=Takeo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiYuji en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaJiro en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Jiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugiuraYoshiki en-aut-sei=Sugiura en-aut-mei=Yoshiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BannoShogo en-aut-sei=Banno en-aut-mei=Shogo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoShigeki en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Shigeki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaRyuzo en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Ryuzo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Medical School affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kagawa Medical University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University en-keyword=exudate kn-keyword=exudate en-keyword=fibrin kn-keyword=fibrin en-keyword=Mycoplasma pneumonia kn-keyword=Mycoplasma pneumonia en-keyword=organizing pneumonia kn-keyword=organizing pneumonia en-keyword=steroid therapy kn-keyword=steroid therapy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=57 end-page=68 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Molecular biology and genetics of epilepsy. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Genetic and molecular biological methodologies are being applied to the study of patients with epilepsy at an ever-increasing pace. Accurate classification of epilepsy within large families has allowed identification of genes through linkage analysis and then isolation of gene products. Mutations causing ion channel abnormalities coupled with clinical patterns of focal epilepsy syndromes are beginning to change our thinking about the etiology of recurrent seizures in all patients. Molecular methodology is beginning to have impact on understanding of the mechanisms of actions of drugs used to treat epilepsy and will have an impact on how future treatments are designed.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WillmoreL. James en-aut-sei=Willmore en-aut-mei=L. James kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaYuto en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Yuto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Saint Louis University of Medicine kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Miyazaki Medical College kn-affil= en-keyword=molecular kn-keyword=molecular en-keyword=genetic kn-keyword=genetic en-keyword=epilepsy kn-keyword=epilepsy en-keyword=glutamate kn-keyword=glutamate en-keyword=transporter kn-keyword=transporter END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=83 end-page=89 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The distribution and number of Leu-7 (CD57) positive cells in lung tissue from patients with pulmonary fibrosis. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Leu-7 positive lymphocytes, including natural killer cells, play an important role in the immune system's surveillance function to prevent the development of cancer. The incidence of lung cancer is significantly high in patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. We hypothesized that the number of Leu-7 positive cells may be decreased in areas of severe pulmonary fibrosis. To demonstrate this, Leu-7 positive cells were immunohistochemically stained in 41 lung specimens obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen vascular disorders. The number of Leu-7 positive cells was evaluated according to the pathological findings. In pathologically normal lung, Leu-7 positive cells were mostly found within the capillaries of the septa and rarely in the alveolar space or the stroma. The number of Leu-7 positive cells was 0.69 +/- 0.15 in areas of advanced fibrosis (n = 41), 2.39 +/- 0.60 in areas that had newly developeing fibrosis (n = 41), 1.14 +/- 0.57 in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (n = 9), and 1.35 +/- 0.87 in diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (n = 11). The number of Leu-7 positive cells in areas of newly developing fibrosis (2.39 +/- 0.60) was significantly higher than that in areas of established fibrosis (0.69 +/- 0.15, P < 0.05). Our present study demonstrates a significant decrease in the number of Leu-7 positive cells in areas of advanced fibrosis. This evidence may partly explain the high incidence of lung cancer associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamanouchiHideo en-aut-sei=Yamanouchi en-aut-mei=Hideo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiYuji en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Yuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujitaJiro en-aut-sei=Fujita en-aut-mei=Jiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=BandohShuji en-aut-sei=Bandoh en-aut-mei=Shuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshinouchiTakeo en-aut-sei=Yoshinouchi en-aut-mei=Takeo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshidaToshihiko en-aut-sei=Ishida en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Medical School affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kochi Medical School affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Kagawa Medical University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Kagawa Medical University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Nagoya City University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Kagawa Medical University en-keyword=Leu-7 positive cells kn-keyword=Leu-7 positive cells en-keyword=natural killer cells kn-keyword=natural killer cells en-keyword=idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis kn-keyword=idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis en-keyword=lung cancer kn-keyword=lung cancer END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=75 end-page=82 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Kinesiological study of the push-up motion in spinal cord injury patients: involving measurement of hand pressure applied to a force plate. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We studied the pressure exerted by hands during push-ups in 21 paraplegic and 2 tetraplegic patients employing 4 different hand positions. In the fingers-spread position, the initial force exerted was a vertical force (Fz), followed by a medio-lateral force (Fy) and then an antero-posterior force (Fx). In the other 3 positions, the order of force type exertion was Fz, Fx, and then Fy. All subjects with neurological injury levels above T4 and subjects between T5 and T10 without spinal instrumentation could not push themselves up in the fingers-spread position. The fact that Fy is initiated before Fx in the fingers-spread position indicates that lateral balancing of the trunk is critical in this position, thus explaining why subjects without spinal instrumentation with neurological injury at a level higher than T10 could not control their spinal columns while performing push-ups. In contrast, antero-posterior balancing takes priority in the other hand positions. We believe that spinal instrumentation helps balance the trunk in the lateral direction, converting the thoracic spine into a rigid body in subjects with neurological injury at levels above T10.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KotaniYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kotani en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokuhiroAkihiro en-aut-sei=Tokuhiro en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kibikogen Rehabilitation Center for Employment Injuries en-keyword=spinal-cord-injury kn-keyword=spinal-cord-injury en-keyword=rehabilitation kn-keyword=rehabilitation en-keyword=kinesiology kn-keyword=kinesiology en-keyword=push-up kn-keyword=push-up en-keyword=floor reaction force kn-keyword=floor reaction force END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=117 end-page=119 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intraluminal implantation of rectal carcinoma successfully resected by endoscopy. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 55-year-old Japanese woman presented at our hospital complaining of hematochezia 4 months after surgery for a rectal carcinoma. A proctoscopy revealed 2 protuberant lesions in the rectum, 5 mm anally from the anastomotic suture line. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy. It was considered that these lesions were caused by intraluminal implantation from the primary rectal carcinoma. The patient underwent an endoscopic resection for these recurrent lesions and has remained stable, with neither recurrence nor metastasis, in the 7 years since the resection. For rectal carcinoma, we propose early follow-up by proctoscopy, namely within 4 months after surgery.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakayaKohji en-aut-sei=Tanakaya en-aut-mei=Kohji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeramotoNorihiro en-aut-sei=Teramoto en-aut-mei=Norihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KonagaEiji en-aut-sei=Konaga en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakeuchiHitoshi en-aut-sei=Takeuchi en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuiYoshimasa en-aut-sei=Yasui en-aut-mei=Yoshimasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaAkira en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YunokiYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Yunoki en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiIchiro en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Iwakuni National Hospital en-keyword=intraluminal implantation kn-keyword=intraluminal implantation en-keyword=rectal carcinoma kn-keyword=rectal carcinoma en-keyword=endoscopic resection kn-keyword=endoscopic resection END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=69 end-page=74 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Experimental models of small intestinal transplantation in rats: orthotopic versus heterotopic model. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Two kinds of surgical models of small intestinal transplantation (SITx) in rats, namely heterotopic (HIT) and orthotopic transplantion (OIT), have been reviewed. In OIT, the small intestine of the recipient is removed and the transplanted intestine replaces it in continuity. On the other hand, in the HIT model, the small intestinal grafts are rendered dysfunctional without alimentary tract continuity. Histological evidence showed that acute rejection appeared earlier in HIT as compared to OIT. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the muscularis externa produced in the chronic rejection process were more pronounced in HIT allografts. The HIT grafts showed severe mucosal atrophy due to the lack of intraluminal trophic factors, because oral feedings can stimulate tropic hormones for mucosal growth, and provide nutrients for enterocytes. Intestinal permeability was consistently higher after HIT than after OIT. The HIT grafts demonstrated less contractility and less response to chemical stimulation than did OIT grafts. The OIT models are advantageous in studies of intraluminal nutrients, and intestinal secretions in these models might modulate the intestinal immune status and possibly delay rejection. The superior intestinal barrier function and the delayed onset of rejection in OIT rats suggest that nutrients and other factors in the succus entericus are important for the maintenance of intestinal graft function.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NakaoAtsunori en-aut-sei=Nakao en-aut-mei=Atsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaharaKazunori en-aut-sei=Tahara en-aut-mei=Kazunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=InoueSeichiro en-aut-sei=Inoue en-aut-mei=Seichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaNoriaki en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Noriaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiEiji en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Jichi Medical School affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Jichi Medical School affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Jichi Medical School affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Jichi Medical School en-keyword=small intestinal transplantation kn-keyword=small intestinal transplantation en-keyword=rat kn-keyword=rat en-keyword=experimental model kn-keyword=experimental model en-keyword=orthotopic kn-keyword=orthotopic en-keyword=heterotopic kn-keyword=heterotopic END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=107 end-page=110 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Quantitative method of intracellular hepatitis C virus RNA using LightCycler PCR. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Based on recent LightCycler techniques developed for the quantitation of serum HCV RNA, we have developed a quantitative method for the intracellular hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA using LightCycler PCR. A simple real-time PCR assay, based on the SYBR Green I dye and LightCycler fluorimeter and with no probe requirement, is described. In the presence of 0.5 microg of cellular RNA, it was demonstrated that as few as 25 copies of HCV RNA could be specifically detected with a set of primers that amplify a 144-base pair sequence unique to the 5'-noncoding region of HCV RNA. We demonstrated that this method was useful for the evaluation of antiviral reagents using HCV-infected human cultured cells.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NozakiAkito en-aut-sei=Nozaki en-aut-mei=Akito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatoNobuyuki en-aut-sei=Kato en-aut-mei=Nobuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=hepatitis C virus kn-keyword=hepatitis C virus en-keyword=real-time PCR kn-keyword=real-time PCR en-keyword=LightCycler kn-keyword=LightCycler END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=56 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=99 end-page=105 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2002 dt-pub=200204 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor autoantibodies, detected by a capture-immunoassay, are associated with autoimmune liver diseases. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), various autoantibodies including anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) antibodies have been found in patients' sera. We have previously developed a mouse monoclonal antibody against rat and human ASGPR. In this study, we developed a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-ASGPR antibodies using this monoclonal antibody and investigated the occurrence of anti-ASGPR antibodies in the sera of patients with various liver diseases. Serum samples were obtained from 123 patients with various liver diseases, including 21 patients with AIH and 40 patients with PBC. In this capture ELISA, the target antigen in the crude rat liver membrane extracts was captured on the ELISA wells by the ASGPR-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. Thus, the cumbersome process of antigen purification was rendered unnecessary. Using this capture ELISA, we detected the anti-ASGPR antibody in 67% of the patients with AIH, in 100% of the patients with PBC, and in 57% of the patients with acute hepatitis type A. However, the anti-ASGPR antibody was rarely detected in patients with other liver diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. Our findings suggest that this capture ELISA would be useful for the detection of anti-ASGPR antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshiokaMasao en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizunoMotowo en-aut-sei=Mizuno en-aut-mei=Motowo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorisueYoshiko en-aut-sei=Morisue en-aut-mei=Yoshiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimadaMorizou en-aut-sei=Shimada en-aut-mei=Morizou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiraiMichio en-aut-sei=Hirai en-aut-mei=Michio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NasuJunichirou en-aut-sei=Nasu en-aut-mei=Junichirou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakaguchiKousaku en-aut-sei=Sakaguchi en-aut-mei=Kousaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoKazuhide en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Kazuhide kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiTakao en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Takao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=autoimmue hepatitis kn-keyword=autoimmue hepatitis en-keyword=primary biliary cirrhosis kn-keyword=primary biliary cirrhosis en-keyword=asialoglycoprotein receptor kn-keyword=asialoglycoprotein receptor en-keyword=autoantibodies kn-keyword=autoantibodies END