start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=6
cd-vols=
no-issue=12
article-no=
start-page=e05743
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2020
dt-pub=202012
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Antioxidative attributes of rice bran extracts in ameliorative effects of atherosclerosis-associated risk factors
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and shear stress (physical effect) are risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling process, is known to house polyphenols and vitamins which exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Through recent emerging knowledge of rice bran in health and wellness, the present study was aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of rice bran extracts (RBE) derived from Japanese colored rice varieties in modulating risk factors of atherosclerosis via in vitro and in vivo study models. Pre-treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine J774A.1 macrophage-like cells with RBE alleviated nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and downregulated gene expressions of pro-inflammatory modulators: tumor necrosis factor-ƒ¿ (TNF-ƒ¿), interleukin (IL)-ƒ¿ (IL-1ƒ¿), IL-1ƒÀ, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, RBE also significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated protein expressions of iNOS, TNF-ƒ¿, IL-1ƒ¿, and IL-6 in J774A.1 macrophage-like cells as compared to non-treated LPS control group. In in vivo, 12 weeks of RBE dietary supplementations significantly reduced (p < 0.05) total cholesterol, triglycerides, and pro-atherogenic oxidized LDL/ƒÀ2-glycoprotein I (oxLDL/ƒÀ2GPI) complexes at plasma levels, in high fat diet (HFD) induced low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr?/-) mice. En face pathological assessments of murine aortas also revealed significant reductions by 38% (p < 0.05) in plaque sizes of RBE-supplemented HFD mice groups as compared to non RBE-supplemented HFD control mice group. Moreover, gene expressions of aortic (iNOS, TNF-ƒ¿, IL-1ƒÀ) and hepatic (TNF-ƒ¿, IL-1ƒ¿, IL-1ƒÀ) pro-inflammatory modulators were also downregulated in RBE-supplemented mice groups. Present study has revealed the potent health attributes and application of RBE as a dietary supplement to attenuate risks of inadvertent oxidative damage and chronic inflammation underlying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Intrinsically, present preliminary findings may provide global health prospects for future dietary implementation of RBE in management of atherosclerosis.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=XianWen Tan
en-aut-sei=Xian
en-aut-mei=Wen Tan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=KobayashiKazuko
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Kazuko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=LianhuaShen
en-aut-sei=Lianhua
en-aut-mei=Shen
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=InagakiJunko
en-aut-sei=Inagaki
en-aut-mei=Junko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IdeMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Ide
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HwangSiaw San
en-aut-sei=Hwang
en-aut-mei=Siaw San
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

en-aut-name=MatsuuraEiji
en-aut-sei=Matsuura
en-aut-mei=Eiji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Pathophysiology, Zunyi Medical University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=School of Chemical Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus
kn-affil=

affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Food science
kn-keyword=Food science
en-keyword=Food analysis
kn-keyword=Food analysis
en-keyword=Rice bran extract (RBE)
kn-keyword=Rice bran extract (RBE)
en-keyword=Functional food
kn-keyword=Functional food
en-keyword=Phytochemicals
kn-keyword=Phytochemicals
en-keyword=Atherosclerosis
kn-keyword=Atherosclerosis
en-keyword=Oxidative stress
kn-keyword=Oxidative stress
en-keyword=Inflammation
kn-keyword=Inflammation
en-keyword=Antioxidant
kn-keyword=Antioxidant
en-keyword=Anti-inflammation
kn-keyword=Anti-inflammation
en-keyword=Oxidized lipoprotein (oxLDL)
kn-keyword=Oxidized lipoprotein (oxLDL)
END