start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=52
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=61
end-page=68
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2017
dt-pub=201702
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Bacillus thuringiensis Cry11Ba works synergistically with Cry4Aa but not with Cry11Aa for toxicity against mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract= A 2,175-bp modified gene (cry11Ba-S1) encoding Cry11Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan was designed and the recombinant protein was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Cry11Ba was highly toxic against Culex pipiens mosquito larvae, being nine and 17 times more toxic than mosquitocidal Cry4Aa and Cry11Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, respectively. Interestingly, a further increase in the toxicity of the recombinant Cry11Ba was achieved by mixing with Cry4Aa, but not with Cry11Aa. These findings suggested that Cry11Ba worked synergistically with Cry4Aa, but not with Cry11Aa, in exhibiting toxicity against C. pipiens larvae. On the other hand, the amount of Cry toxin bound to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) did not significantly change between individual toxins and the toxin mixtures, suggesting that the increase in toxins binding to BBMVs was not a reason for the observed synergistic effect. It is generally accepted that synergism of toxins is a potentially powerful tool for enhancing insecticidal activity and managing Cry toxin resistance in mosquitoes. The mixture of Cry4Aa and Cry11Ba in order to increase toxicity would be very valuable in terms of mosquito control.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=HayakawaTohru
en-aut-sei=Hayakawa
en-aut-mei=Tohru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

en-aut-name=YonedaNaoya
en-aut-sei=Yoneda
en-aut-mei=Naoya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=

en-aut-name=OkadaKouji
en-aut-sei=Okada
en-aut-mei=Kouji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=

en-aut-name=HigakiAyuko
en-aut-sei=Higaki
en-aut-mei=Ayuko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=

en-aut-name=Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain Howlader
en-aut-sei=Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain Howlader
en-aut-mei=
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=

en-aut-name=IdeToru
en-aut-sei=Ide
en-aut-mei=Toru
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=

affil-num=6
en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Cry toxin
kn-keyword=Cry toxin
en-keyword=Synergistic toxicity
kn-keyword=Synergistic toxicity
en-keyword=Insect pest control
kn-keyword=Insect pest control
en-keyword=Biological control
kn-keyword=Biological control
en-keyword=Disease vector
kn-keyword=Disease vector
END