岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 46 2 2014 気まぐれな投稿行動:懲罰と金銭的報酬の効果 213 221 EN Masanori Yokoo 10.18926/OER/53104 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 45 3 2013 進化的観点からみたFD活動に関する覚書き 85 99 EN Masanori Yokoo 10.18926/OER/52083 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 44 3 2012 非対称縮小ジャンケンの進化ゲーム論的分析 93 99 EN Masanori Yokoo 10.18926/OER/49032 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 33 3 2001 Labor Mobility and Dynamic Core−Periphery Patterns : A Two−Region Case 19 32 EN Masanori Yokoo Paul Krugman (1991) proposed a geographic model in which a country consisting of two regions can endogenously become differentiated into an industrialized "core" and an agricultural "periphery". His model can give rise to multiple equilibria at which manufacturing production is concentrated in one region or divided between the both regions. We introduce to his basically static model a discrete−time adjustment process which leads the workers who earn lower real wage than the average to migrate to the other region which offers them higher real wage. Numerical simulations suggest not only that persistent endogenous fluctuations in manufacturing share are possible but also that discontinuous changes in manufacturing share over time can occur without any changes in the underlying system. Furthermore, the basin of attraction for a concentration steady state turns out to have a complicated structure for high transportaion costs. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 36 2 2004 Contribution Cycles and Preferable Incentive Schemes 35 48 EN Masanori Yokoo This note considers a situation in which the publisher of an academic journal seeks to maintain the number of contributions to the journal by subsidizing the contributors with some incentive payments. We show that under the incentive payment scheme that distributes some pre−determined total amount of payments equally to each contributor (the constant total payment scheme), the number of contributions can fluctuate cyclically as well as chaotically over time when the potential contributors form adaptive expectations. Numerical simulations suggest, among other things, that the performance of the constant total payment scheme may be more efficient than the constant per−capita payment scheme when the total amount of payments is supposed to be small. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 37 2 2005 Exchange Rate Cycles in the Mundell-Fleming Model when the Marshall-Lerner Condition is Violated 57 63 EN Masanori Yokoo In many standard undergraduate textbooks of macroeconomics, open economies are discussed by means of the Mundell−Fleming model, an open macroeconomic version of the IS−LM model. This short paper develops a simple differential−equation version of the dynamic Mundell−Fleming model, taking account of two key assumptions : (i) the Marshall−Lerner condition is globally violated and (ii) the investment function depends nonlinearly on the current output level. Under our settings, we demonstrate that the exchange rate and the other relevant variables can display persistent fluctuations due to the occurrence of a stable limit cycle. We also discuss a paradox that the resulting dynamics may well be consistent with the J−curve effect. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 37 1 2005 On Dynamic Effects of the Number of Players in a Commons Game : A Tragedy of Nutria in Okayama 53 61 EN Masanori Yokoo This paper considers a dynamic commons game in relation with mitigation of invasive alien species such as nutria in Okayama. In our commons game, players (trappers) non−cooperatively seek to maximize their own payoff by extracting the renewable resource stock (nutria). One key assumption is that the cost of extraction of the resource is negatively related to the current stock level. For a low level of resource stock, the extraction cost is high, which makes the extraction less lucrative for the players and which in turn stimulates the renewable resource stock to regenerate more rapidly. As the resource stock reaches a high level, the reverse process will start, and this can cause oscillating behaviors. Our simple model proposed here exemplifies that an increase in the number of players can drastically change the qualitative as well as quantitative features of the dynamics for the renewable resource stock. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 42 2 2010 消費税を財源とする少子化対策と持続的世代間格差に関する予備的考察 77 87 EN Masanori Yokoo The paper incorporates into a standard two-period-lived overlapping generations model with Cobb-Douglas utility and Cobb-Douglas production technology a government that levies a tax on consumption and households that have an opportunity to choose the fertility rate. The government spends all the tax revenue to finance the policy aiming to increase the national birth rate. Each young household faces a binary choice between 'high fertility' and 'low fertility', depending on the level of the government’s expenditure on that policy. The government’s policy together with the fertility choice by the households can give rise to strong nonlinearity in the transition equation of the economy. Numerical simulations show that the economic system exhibits endogenous cyclical or chaotic fluctuations in fertility for a large set of values of consumption tax rates. It is also numerically shown that some (inappropriate) choice of the tax rate by the government can cause persistent intergenerational inequality. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 42 1 2010 国有化と産児制限によるカオス的経済成長の安定化について 1 16 EN Masanori Yokoo 生産を含む世代重複モデルにおいて,2つのマクロ政策の混合を検討する。ひとつは,政府が資本や土地などの資産を国有化し,民間部門に永続的に貸与することである。もうひとつは,産児制限などにより人口成長率を制御することである。政府が存在しない単純な経済では,一般に定常状態は,ひとつの最適性の条件である黄金律を満たさないが,第1の政策により発生する定常状態のひとつは黄金律を満たす。しかし,その黄金律定常状態は,必ずしも動学的安定性を持たず,場合によっては,カオス的な不変集合に含まれる。特にそのような場合に,第2の政策として,カオスの特性を利用するOGY 法を援用することで,人口成長率を任意に小さな振れ幅で制御しながら,不規則に変動する成長循環経路を黄金律均斉成長経路に同期させる方法を議論する。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学経済学会 Acta Medica Okayama 0386-3069 41 3 2009 世界的景気循環の影響下における小国の為替レート変動に関する覚書き 47 62 EN Masanori Yokoo 本稿では,開放マクロ経済学でよく利用される Mundell-Fleming モデルの動学版を2つの方向に拡張し,そこから得られる為替レートの変動を調べる。第1の拡張は,定常状態での局所的な Marshall-Lerner 条件を維持しつつ,大域的にはそれが満たされない状況を定式化することである。より詳しく言うと,通常の定常状態の近傍では小国である自国の通貨の減価は純輸出を増加させるが,為替レートがその範囲を超えると,逆に自国通貨の減価が純輸出を減少させるという状況である。第2の拡張は,大国である外国,あるいは世界経済,が持続的かつ周期的な景気循環に曝されている状況をモデルに組み入れることである。このような設定のもとで,為替レートが自国通貨高均衡と自国通貨安均衡のそれぞれの周囲を経巡るような複雑な変動を生じることを計算機による数値計算により観察する。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
岡山大学大学院文化科学研究科 Acta Medica Okayama 1880-8476 1 1 2004 地域間労働移動と内生的経済変動の発生 1 16 EN 本稿は、資本蓄積と適応的予見を含む、2つの地域からなる世代重複モデルを提示する。シュミレーションにより、地域格差に基づく労働移動の可能性が周期変動、準周期変動、カオス的変動などの持続的な内生的経済変動を生み出す要因となりえることを見出す。 No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 地域 労働移動 経済変動