start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=42
cd-vols=
no-issue=11
article-no=
start-page=2693
end-page=2717
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1930
dt-pub=19301130
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Heredity of Blood Type in Man Chapter I. Results of the Present Inquiry aud Criticism of Former Hypotheses
kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學的研究 第1編 私ノ調査成績及ビ從來ノ假説ニ對スル批判
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke
en-aut-sei=Oku
en-aut-mei=Gennosuke
kn-aut-name=奧源之助
kn-aut-sei=奧
kn-aut-mei=源之助
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=1441
end-page=1450
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1931
dt-pub=19310630
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Supplement to Biological View on Twins I. The Type of Blood group in Twins
kn-title=雙胎ノ生物學的知見増補 其1 雙胎ノ血液型
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=A minute study of twins was made at the time of parturition, with special attention to the sex, the placenta, the membrane of the ovum, and the difference between the mono-oval and the bi-oval; in addition the type of the blood groups in the twins was examined from the standpoint of inheritance. The following is the general result: The type of blood group in twins is inherited from the parents as regularly as in the ordinary case.
Mono oval twins have the same type of blood group in all cases and are of the same sex, while bi-oval twins are in most cases of the same type but a minority are of different types. Bi-oval twins are in most cases of the same in sex and in blood group type. It has been proved that when the type of the blood groups in twins is different the circulation of the blood in the twins has been independently carried on in the fetal stage. It cannot, however, be concluded that twins have had a common blood-circulation in the fetal stage merely from examination of the blood-group type, even when the blood-group type in the twins is identical. 12 pairs of mono-oval twins, and 23 pairs of dual-oval twins, 35 in all, were examined. Of these 35 pairs of twins, 31 had the same blood type while 4 had different blood-group types. Of the twins of the same sex, 27 pairs had the same blood-group type, while only 2 pairs differed in this respect. Among the instances of twins of different sex, two pairs differed in the blood type while 4 pairs had the same type.
When the type of the blood group in twins was different, it could be recognized that two kinds of ova or spermatozooids had been concerned in the impregnation. When the blood group type in twins was different, both the parents, or one of the parents, was heterozygotic. The blood group type in twins is an interesting subject for investigation from the standpoints of biology, obstetrics and forensic medicine.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke
en-aut-sei=Oku
en-aut-mei=Gennosuke
kn-aut-name=奧源之助
kn-aut-sei=奧
kn-aut-mei=源之助
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=1426
end-page=1440
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1931
dt-pub=19310630
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=The Value of the Human Blood Groups Applied to Ethnology and the Distribution of Blood Groups in the Eastern Part of Harima Province
kn-title=血液型ノ人種學的應用價値及ビ東播地方ニ於ケル血液型ノ分?状態ニ就テ
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=1. With regard to the grounds for the applicability of the human blood groups to ethnology, former investigators were of opinion that the rate of distribution of the blood groups possessed by one tribe is proper to the tribe and invariable from the beginning of the existence of the tribe down to the present time; and that therefore if the rate of distribution of the blood groups of the existing tribe is investigated, the result thus obtained can be directly applied to the inference of the rate of distribution of the human blood groups in the ancestors of the tribe. It is very difficult, however, to say that in man the number of gametes generated by each individual is definite, and that they maintain their existence and fulfils their function without exception. The human race may be said to have extraneous fertilization, in the borader sense of the term, but customarily people are amrried among their own kind, and therefore something very near to “inter-fertilization, ” in the narrower sense, ought to take place in an extremely slow degree. Moreover, there is the phenomenon of ‘linkage’ as recognizable from the hypothesis on heredity established by the present writer. From these facts it is perhaps difficult to say that the frequency of the gametes of the blood groups can constantly have an invariable equilibrium. Besides, every human race in general shows the rate of distribution of blood groups proper to itself. When the same race is observed in the same district, an approximate rate of distribution is recognized, but when it is locally discriminated, the fact that considerable difference is present in the distribution is always experienced in actual experiment. This experimental fact, indeed, properly corresponds to the theoretical expectation above-mentioned. Thus the frequency of the gametes of blood groups is variable at the present time and a constantly invariable equilibrium is not yet reached; it is still in the transition stage towards that equilibrium. But as the blood type is inherited according to a definite rule, the comparative frequency of the gametes possessed by one tribe is also proper to the tribe, and the comparative frequency of the zygotes formed by the former is also proper to the tribe, and in consequence the rate of distribution of blood groups is naturally proper to the trible. Therefore all the tribes with the same ancestors in their origin show the same rate of distribution of blood groups. Therefore the opinion held by former investigators that the rate of distribution in a tribe is constantly invariable from the origin of the tribe down to the present time must be said to be improper. 2. With regard to the rate of distribution of blood groups in the masses, the frequency of the unit of inheritance in four types can be calculated, upon the basis of the author's linkage hypothesis. On this ground, it is possible to observe the rate in which the unit of inheritance is distributed in a tribe, and accordingly comparative investigation of several kinds of tribes is possible. The unit of inheritance in four types is as follows: Ref.:
Factors of two pair allelomorphism: a……The blood corpuscles not possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum possessing α aggultinin. A……The corpuscles possessing A agglutinogen, but the serum not possessing α agglutinin. b……The corpuscles not possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. B……The corpuscles possessing B agglutinogen, but the serum possessing β agglutinin. The units of inheritance, and accordingly the kinds of gametes, are ab, Ab, aB and AB; and the respective frequency is represented by R, P, Q and Z. n (=11) indicates the number of non-cross-overs. R=√O
P=1/2{√A+O-√O+1-(√B+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Q=1/2{√B+O-√O+1-(√A+O+1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3)} Z=1-√O+A+B+AB×2n+2/2n+3 3. The rate of distribution of the blood groups in the masses in the eastern part of Harima Province is O type 31.30% A type 39.23% B type 21.11%  AB type 8.36% Rassen index 1.61, which agrees with the Japanese blood type as Furuhata calls it. When the frequency of the unit of inheritance is calculated according to the author's linkage hypothesis, we find R=55.9464% P=27.7229% Q=16.1355% Z=0.1952% When the rate of distribution of the blood groups in the two sexes is observed, no particular difference can be recognized between them.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke
en-aut-sei=Oku
en-aut-mei=Gennosuke
kn-aut-name=奧源之助
kn-aut-sei=奧
kn-aut-mei=源之助
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=4
article-no=
start-page=845
end-page=849
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1931
dt-pub=19310430
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Investigation of the Human Blood Group Types from the Standpoint of Heredity (Addendum) The Author's New Theory on the Heredity of the Human Blood Group Types Supplemented
kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學術的研究 續編 人血液型遺傳ニ關スル私ノ新説增訂
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The author published in his present investigation of the heredity of the human blood group types, Part II, his own theory. The hypothesis he then propounded required as a matter of course a supplementary hypothesis, which, however, was left unstated; hence it may be here supplemented.
The supplementary hypothesis in question is the theory of the “Lethal Factor” put forward by Dyke & Budge. The gamete AB is weak in vitality, and, moreover, some phenomenon yet unexplained today takes place in the perion in which a blood type is formed. From these facts it is assumed that the gamete AB perishes in one generation. This assumption also corresponds to the instances reported by Fujitaka and Ito.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke
en-aut-sei=Oku
en-aut-mei=Gennosuke
kn-aut-name=奧源之助
kn-aut-sei=奧
kn-aut-mei=源之助
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山醫科大學泉外科教室
END

start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=756
end-page=764
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=1931
dt-pub=19310331
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=Heredity of Blood Type in Man Chapter IV. Summary Observation on Inheritance of Blood Types
kn-title=人血液型ノ遺傳學的研究 第4編 人血液型遺傳ニ關スル總括的考察
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the inheritance of blood types, but none of them could account theoretically for the actual facts. My own hypothesis of linkage alone can perfectly explain the actual facts of inheritance both quantitatively and qualitatively. I observed from my own experience and statistical material that ab and AB gametes can be formed by crossing over from the AB type and I have been able to prove the validity of my own hypothesis theoretically and actually. There has been much controversy as to the kind of children that should be born of parents of the AB type, but I have been able to show that children of 0, A, B and AB types can be born of parents of the AB type. The rate of the appearance of the so-called “questionable children” born of parents of the AB type has been considered as irregular, and sometimes even their appearance has been doubted. Such a phenomenon, however, is not to be wondered at. When my hypotheses are accepted, it can be easily explained by the existence of the phenomenon of linkage, the numerical ratio of spermatozoa and ova, the conditions under which they are ejected, and the fecundity. When one refers to the literature concerned, it seems that the crossing over takes place comparatively frequently in the genital cells of the maternal body. But minute observation leads to the opinion that this phenomenon also depends upon the conditions under which spermatozoa and ova are ejected. The settlement of the question of the inheritance of blood types is of service in anthropological observation, and establishes a standard for the medico-legal judgment of parentship. Moreover the existence of the phenomenon of linkage, to which no great attention has hitherto been paid in the problem of human heredity, has been demonstrated. It is to be supposed that the study of human heredity will develop in this direction on the basis of the present demonstration.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=OkuGennosuke
en-aut-sei=Oku
en-aut-mei=Gennosuke
kn-aut-name=奧源之助
kn-aut-sei=奧
kn-aut-mei=源之助
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=岡山醫科大學藥物學教室
END