シソ科ハーブ類のカルス培養および植物体再分化

Effective methods of callus culture of herbs were studied to establish basic techniques for cell fusion and gene engineering. Eight basil cultivars, five species of Perilla family and a sweet basil were used, and following results were obtained. 1: Effects of phytohormones on callus formation. Callus formed effectively from hypocotyls and cotyledons of sterile seedlings cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/12,4-D and BA. Plantlets succeeded in regenerating from callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/I NAA and BA, but callus formation on a similar medium was inferior to that on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA. Callus formed best on MS medium supplemented with 2ip, among other cytokinins, but only BA actually induced regeneration of plantlets from callus. 2: Effects of age and different organs of explants on callus formation. Callus with similar weight formed from hypocotyls of young seedlings about 1-3 weeks after germination. The heaviest callus formed from cotyledons, followed by hypocotyls and roots. 3: Callus formation and regeneration of adventitious buds in eight basil cultivars. Calli formed cotyledons of lettuce basil, Anise basil, lemon basil, bush basil, sweet basil, purple raffles basil, dasil opal basil and cinnamon basil, in descending orderof weight, on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and 2ip. Callus from lettuce basil was three times as heavy as that from cinnamon basil. Callus formed on MS medium supplemented NAA and BA from cotyledone of all cultivars, but adventitious buds regenerated only from sweet basil, dark opal basil and bush basil. 4: Callus formation from six Perilla herbs. Callus fromed from hypocotyls and cotyledons of sweet basil, red perilla, green perilla, lemon balm, peppermint and sweet majoram in descending order of weight.