A survey of a respiratory disease was performed among 1433 inhabitants in the air-polluted area, Mizushima Industrial Area, and 568 inhabitants in the non-air-polluted area. And the following results were obtained. The incidence rate of chronic bronchitis was higher in the air-polluted area. But the results on pulmonary function test by flow volume curve showed abnormality much more in cases of chronic bronchitis in the non-air-polluted area.