The basal plasma human growth hormone (HGH) levels and the plasma HGH response to insulin in 126 patients with various endocrine and metabolic disorders have been compared with the results found in 40 control subjects. In patients with acromegaly and anorexia nervosa, basal plasma HGH concentrations are high and fluctuated widely when measured frequently in their clinical courses. In all patients with panhypopituitarism, pituitary dwarfism, Cushing's syndrome and hypothyroidism, an absent HGH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was obtained. The HGH response to insulin proved of value in differentiating patients with hypothalamic or pituitary hypofunction and those with anorexia nervosa.