start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=14 end-page=21 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=2024 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Efficient agricultural monitoring: a methodology for assessing individual farmer adherence to rice-planting schedule for tertiary irrigation system under the Muda Irrigation Scheme using Earth observation datasets en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The tertiary irrigation system (TIS) was designed for the Muda Irrigation Scheme (MIS) to distribute irrigation water to farmers' fields to ensure the reliability of water supply for cultivating rice paddies twice a year. Variability in farming practices, influenced by farmer autonomy along the tertiary canal adds complexity and uncertainty to adherence monitoring. Traditional on -site data collection methods are limited in scope and efficiency, whereas Earth observation (EO) enables continuous monitoring. In this study, we introduced a methodology that uses EO datasets to monitor individual field adherence to rice -planting schedules under TIS. These tools improve the monitoring of rice -planting schedule adherence by identifying non -adherent fields for further countermeasures. This study highlights the potential use of EO datasets and advanced data processing techniques for efficient agricultural monitoring. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ZahirAliya Mhd en-aut-sei=Zahir en-aut-mei=Aliya Mhd kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SomuraHiroaki en-aut-sei=Somura en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoroizumiToshitsugu en-aut-sei=Moroizumi en-aut-mei=Toshitsugu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Google Earth Engine kn-keyword=Google Earth Engine en-keyword=agricultural practices kn-keyword=agricultural practices en-keyword=irrigation kn-keyword=irrigation en-keyword=remote sensing kn-keyword=remote sensing en-keyword=Sentinel-1 kn-keyword=Sentinel-1 END