start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=10
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=34960
end-page=34969
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=2022
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Implications for Risk Taking Behavior Leading to Crashes or Disasters-Effects of Perceived Risk on Risk Taking Decision
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the outcome in a risk averse sure option and the perceived risk of the worst outcome on risk taking behaviors and to get insights into prevention of disasters or crashes caused by risk taking. Because of cognitive biases to optimistically underestimate a risk, it is generally difficult to recognize rationally a risk and its consequence leading to a disaster or crash. Therefore, the recognition of the gap between the perceive risk and the real risk is a very important issue, because such a gap might cause risk taking behaviors or decisions, leading to a disaster or crash. Using three decision-making situations with different scenarios, we measured the perceived risk at which the decision changed from a risk averse alternative to a risk taking one as a function of the outcome in a sure risk averse alternative and the frame (positive or negative frame in a scenario of decision making). The perceived risk at which the decision shifted from a risk averse alternative to a risk taking one decreased with the increase of the outcome in a risk averse alternative. The perceived risk was lower when the decision-making scenario was positively framed. Irrespective of the difference of decision-making scenarios, there existed a self-reported risk (probability) that changed a decision from a risk averse alternative to a risk taking one. Applying the framework of decision making of this study to a few cases of crashes or disasters, some implications for preventing disasters or crashes were given.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=

en-aut-name=MurataAtsuo
en-aut-sei=Murata
en-aut-mei=Atsuo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=

affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Crash or disaster
kn-keyword=Crash or disaster
en-keyword=irrational behavior
kn-keyword=irrational behavior
en-keyword=perceived risk
kn-keyword=perceived risk
en-keyword=risk averse
kn-keyword=risk averse
en-keyword=risk taking
kn-keyword=risk taking
en-keyword=outcome of sure alternative
kn-keyword=outcome of sure alternative
END