JaLCDOI 10.18926/15499
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_2_49.pdf
Author Mori, Chuji| Machida Ken-ichi|
Abstract Distance measurements have been more and more easy and accurate to carry out, and it is expected that distance mesurements may provide rather accurate results than angle measurements. Under these circumstances, caracteritics of errors in typical trilateration nets are investigated. The nets investigated are as follows: From single row of chains to pranimetrically extended nets in figure, open and closed networks with respect to external constraint, and with and without as to internal constraint. Computations are performed by use of the method of condition equations, and behaviours of error propagation and errors of coordinates of stations in the nets are shown in case of typical nets. For example, effects for decrease in error by composing a double row of chains and by enforcing external constraints are explained.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1990-03-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue2
Start Page 49
End Page 65
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307544
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15491
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_2_11.pdf
Author Sakakibara, Akira| Kanadani, Teruto|
Abstract Aging behavior of Al-0.23mass % Si alloy was studied by measurements of elecrical resistivity. Resistvity maximum was observed in the aging curves at 273K after quenching from various temperatures. Appearance of maximum and its dependence on the quenching temperature were attributed to the formation of GP zones. Even in a more dilute alloy as 0.01mass % Si, the maximum of resistivity was also recognized.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1990-03-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue2
Start Page 11
End Page 16
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307615
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15501
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_2_67.pdf
Author Nago, Hiroshi| Maeno, Shiro|
Abstract Many hydraulic structures are damaged by under flood flow and storm waves year after year. Many cases of dike and breakwater failure are caused by the suck out of sand from behind the revetment. This type of failure will be in close relation to the dynamic behavior of sand bed around the revetment. In this paper, from this point of view, we investigated the basic characteristics of such sand movement by small model tests and tried to explain the hydro- and soil-mechanical mechanism of this phenomenon theoretically.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1990-03-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue2
Start Page 67
End Page 78
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307928
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15502
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_2_79.pdf
Author Sato, Yoichiro|
Abstract In asynchronous arbiters, failures may happen, caused by metastable operations. The purpose of this study is to derive a formula to estimate such failures in a ring arbiter as mean time between failures (MTBF), under the condition that incidences of requests issued in all devices are different from each other. The operation of the arbiter is formularized by a markov chain. This chain is used to decide the probability at which each of possible failures contributes to MTBF. The sum of such probabilities gives the MTBF which can be represented as a sum of a finite number of terms. As an example, MTBF of a ring arbiter composed of 3 cells is shown.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1990-03-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue2
Start Page 79
End Page 87
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307486
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15507
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_2_99.pdf
Author Taniguchi, Takeo| Fujiwara Kohji|
Abstract This paper presents an effective solver for a large sparse set of linear algebraic equations, which appears at the application of the finite element and the finite difference methods in engineering field. Proposed method is a family of SKYLINE METHOD, and for faster computation on the vector processors the original skyline is modified with respect to following three items; the use of inner products of matrix operations, the removal of unnecessary numerical operations and the introduction of two-dimensional array for storing the data of coefficient matrix.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1990-03-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue2
Start Page 99
End Page 112
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307515
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15470
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_13.pdf
Author Uno, Yoshiyuki| Nakajima, Toshikatsu| Endo, Osamu|
Abstract The generation mechanism of crater in electrical discharge machining is analyzed with a single pulse discharge device for alloy tool steel, black alumina ceramics, cermet and cemented carbide, investigating the gap voltage, the discharge current, the shape of crater, the wear of electrode and so on. The experimental analysis makes it clear that the shape of crater has a characteristic feature for the kind of workpiece. The shape of electrode, which changes with the wear by an electric spark, has a significant effect on the shape of crater. The diameter and the depth of crater have a close relation to the discharge energy for alloy tool steel, black alumina ceramics and cermet, while those for cemented carbide are related to the discharge current. The shape factor which is the ratio of the depth to the diameter of crater is different for the work material.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 13
End Page 24
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307269
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15474
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_53.pdf
Author Osaka, Akiyoshi| Takao Seiji| Oda, Kiichi| Takada, Jun| Miura, Yoshinari|
Abstract Electrical resistance and X-ray photoelectron depth profile analysis are studied for antimony doped tin oxide films developed on silica, alkali-free and sodalime slide glass substrates. The sodium ions diffused from the substrates to the films prevented the crystal growth of rutile type tin oxide in the film, resulting in the high electrical resistance. A diffusion layer has been detected for each film with diffuse profiles of multi valent cations (Sn, Si or Ca) at the interface of the tin oxide film and substrate. A greater amount of sodium atoms have been detected in the film developed on the soda-lime glass while almost no sodium atoms have been found in those on the other substrates. This can be explained by the diffusion of the sodium ions in the substrate due to a drastic hydronium-sodium exchange mechanism under highly acidic conditions during the dipping and drying processes.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 53
End Page 61
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307279
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15476
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_63.pdf
Author Yamamoto, Yoshitake| Isshiki Hiromi| Oka, Hisao| Yamamoto, Tatsuma|
Abstract There is no doubt that many people feel the peace of mind or the pleasures of senses in appreciating music. But the estimation of the effect is very difficult and the objective estimation can be hardly done. This study proposed the objective estimating method of human emotion utilizing galvanic skin reflex (GSR) which reflects a human psychological activity. In this method, not by individual response, but by the series of response and pattern of appearance of GSR, the emotional response under appreciating music was investigated. In the case of appreciation of the same classic music to several subjects, the individual GSR responses are random and remarkable characteristic could not be find on the results. However, on the patterns of appearance of GSR, the patterns obtaining from the same generation are much similar each other and the patterns obtaining from different generation are less similar. It was cleared that the same music gave different effect on different generations.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 63
End Page 72
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307670
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15479
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_73.pdf
Author Oka, Hisao| Isayama Yoshiharu| Yamamoto, Yoshitake| Yamamoto, Tatsuma|
Abstract There is a small vibration which goes undetected by the naked eyes. It is called a microvibration (MV) or a minor tremor (MT). The MV on the body surface is expected to apply to a clinical examination of the autonomic nervous system. It is not cleared why and how the MV occurs, but there are many papers about its occurrence and clinical application. In this study, MV measuring system, its estimation and basic characteristics are examined. The difference between head MV and thenar MV, individual MV and diurnal and seasonal change are discussed. The power spectrum of MV is obtained using an autoregressive model.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 73
End Page 80
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307633
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15481
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_81.pdf
Author Wada, Osami|
Abstract Are calculated the radiation characteristics of two types of primary-feed waveguides of millimeter wave quasi-optical antennas, which transform circular TE(On) mode into a linearly polarized beam. These antennas are utilized for heating and diagnostics of fusion plasma. Analysis is based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle, which takes the diffraction effect into account. For Convenience in analysis, a feed waveguide is divided into two sections, an uniform waveguide section and a visor section. Assuming that the diameter of the waveguide is several times as large as the wavelength and that the structure of the visor is open, the radiation field is approximated by superposition of direct radiation, and first and second reflection on the visor. Numerical results are presented and compared with experimental results. In these types of waveguides, the shadow section on the visor has a great influence on the radiation field. The results of calculation show that the length of the visor should be longer than that obtained by the geometrical optics, and the longer visor reduces the side-lobe level in the direction of the waveguide axis. The results agree well with those in experiments.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 81
End Page 92
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307974
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15482
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_93.pdf
Author Totsuji, Hiroo| Hatatani, Teruki|
Abstract Propagation of charged carriers in semiconductor superlattices is analyzed on the basis of the effective mass approximation with appropriate boundary conditions at heterojunctions taken into account. Applying the finite element method, clarified are the effects of details of the potential profile, such as linear and smooth gradings and random fluctuations, on characteristics of superlattices which are expected to work as collector barriers and energy filters in electronic devices.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 93
End Page 105
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307513
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15483
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_107.pdf
Author Kohno, Iichiro| Nishigaki, Makoto| Takeshita, Yuji|
Abstract The numerical feasibility of determining soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions simultaneously from one-dimensional transient flow experiments in the laboratory by parameter estimation method is evaluated. Soil hydraulic properties are assumed to be represented by van Genuchten's closed-form expressions involving two unknown parameters: coefficients α and n . These parameters are evaluated by nonlinear least-squares fitting of predicted and observed pressure head with time. Gravity drainage experiments are performed for Toyoura standard sand to evaluate the adequacy of this proposed method.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 107
End Page 114
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307749
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15485
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_115.pdf
Author Abe, Hirofumi| Nogata Mikio|
Abstract The rapid economic growth of Japan in the postwar period has brought about the over-concentration of activities in a few large cities, and local regions have been losing their economic vitality due to the regional differentials and the population loss. Regional development planning in Japan has sought to achieve a balanced growth of the nation through the development of industries in local regions. This paper aims to examine the regional structure of manufacturing industries in the postwar period and to identify its current problems. Three methods, namely the analysis of coefficient of variation, the rateshare analysis and the shift-share analysis are applied using employment data of manufacturing industries for the years 1955 to 1985. Findings show that while the employment of manufacturing industries has been markedly decentralized from metropolitan to local regions, the disparities in growth rates still exist among regions.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 115
End Page 133
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307659
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15487
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_135.pdf
Author Taniguhi, Takeo| Suetsugu, Tsuyoshi| Iwasaki Masaki|
Abstract This paper describes the numerical simulation method of the multi-crack propagation behaviour which appear in a part of civil engineering structures with complex geometrical configuration like steel bridges. Proposed method can treat the interaction of several cracks which locate in a short distance each other, and the process of their growth can be grasped. The method is based on the finite element method, and the linear fracture mechanics is assumed. Proposed method includes following tools for the simulation of the crack propagation behaviour: Automatic Mesh Generators for 3-D, 2-D structural analysis, and 2-D crack propagation analysis, Multi-level Structural Analysis Technique, Estimation Method of the crack growth and the angle of cracks and the modelling method of traffic loadings. The validity of the method is investigated by comparing the result to the experimental one.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 135
End Page 152
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307854
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15466
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_1.pdf
Author Yoshida, Akira| Ohue, Yuji| Fujii, Masahiro|
Abstract To clarify the effects of a drive system lubricant additive upon rolling fatigue of rollers manufactured from carburized and hardened steel, three types of oil were used as lubricants: one mineral base oil and the other two mineral base oils to which an S-P additive package and ATF additive package were added, respectively. These specimens were tested for sliding/rolling fatigue and examined for failure on the surface, rolling fatigue strength, and other properties. Roller surface temperatures and inter-roller frictional coefficients were found scarcely affected by the type of oil used. Irrespective of the difference in oil type, failure on the surface was found to be entirely spalling attributable to cracks generated in the subsurface. The depth at which spalling cracks had taken place was found nearly coincident with the depth at which a ratio of reversing orthogonal shear stress to hardness had amplitude A(Tyz/Hv) maximized. These depths were larger as Hertz stress became more prominent. Nevertheless, they were found hardly affected by the type of oil. Although rolling fatigue strength did not show a significant difference dependent upon the type of oil, it may be said that fatigue life would be somewhat negatively affected by an extreme pressure coated film with a content of sulfur and phosphorus.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 1
End Page 12
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307588
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15471
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_24_1_25.pdf
Author Kajihara, Yasuhiro| Osaki, Hirokazu|
Abstract An expert system, in which preconditions and rules are expressed in logical formulas, is developed to support the scheduling of an automated job shop type multi-item assembly line. This system has the foIIowing characteristics to apply any case of schedulings: (1)Forward scheduling orbackward scheduling can be made. (2)The criterion on the input order of products, the dispatching process at each assembly station, and the selection of products from a buffer can be selected from several priority criteria. (3)Layout, number and velocity of vehicles, and the capacity of each buffer can be changed.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-11-29
Volume volume24
Issue issue1
Start Page 25
End Page 39
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307454
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15475
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_23_2_21.pdf
Author Myojin Sho| Yamada Masahito| Fujii Naoto|
Abstract Diversion model and disaggregate behavioral model of logit type are adopted as aggregate and disaggregate estimates, respectively. Diversion model is assumed as a binary choice process including diversion ratio function at each step in the process. Diversion ratio is assumed as a function of generalized-travel-time ratio. The function is identified with each of the two steps of diversion; diverson from rail and bus to car at first and from the rest undiverted to bus at second. The data used are those on inter-regional occupational person trips. Each function are found enough and/or critically significant in the statistical sense. At the begginning, sixteen characteristics variables are enrolled in disaggregate model, which are identified by use of the above data. Six variables are reached finally and are all reasonable. A brief comparison of goodness of fit to the data are made between two models.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-03-30
Volume volume23
Issue issue2
Start Page 21
End Page 32
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307168
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15469
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_23_2_1.pdf
Author Kamiyabu, Hideto| Sakakibara, Akira| Maeda, Hironobu| Hida, Moritaka|
Abstract Surface tension (γ(L)) and contact angle (θ) of gallium related to wettability on Teflon and other substrates (Al(2)O(3), SiO(2), glass, graphite, BN, AI, Ni, As etc.) were investigated. The values of Teflon were 0.70(6)N/m and 158° in pure argon atmosphere, and the ones of other substrates were listed in a table in this text. We were interested especially in the relative values, γ(L)'s, on the substrates as compared with γ(L) on Teflon substrate. Liquid Ga showed spreading wetting on pure Ni metal and adhesional wetting on Al (supposed to be covered by A1(2)O(3)) and on metallic polycrystal As. Surface tension of Ga was remarkably decreased by a kind of oxide contamination due to oxygen in air. The surface layer coated by the contamination was of amorphous state nearly same as liquid Ga. The amorphous coat caused liquid Ga rather high supercooling of △T~35K. It seems that the contamination layer (oxide fi1m) smeared the crystal nucleation sites on the free surface of liquid Ga
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-03-30
Volume volume23
Issue issue2
Start Page 1
End Page 8
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307294
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15472
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_23_2_9.pdf
Author Kuroda Tsutomu| Osaki, Hirokazu| Matsuda, Masaaki| Fujisawa Keita|
Abstract Multi-item flexible manufacturing systems have been spread to correspond the short life-cycle and the diversification of products. Part handling plays an important role to operate multi-functional robot efficiently in these systems, and many jigs are widely used to hold a part. They should be exchanged at once according to changing products. In this paper, we propose a pin jig which holds a part with two pins, and design method of the position, length and diameter of those pins for a cylindrical part. This jig has the following characteristics. As a surface of the jig is inclined to use gravity, the part can be fixed without any external forces. Therefore the structure of jig becomes simple, and loading and unloading of a part becomes easy for a robot hand.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-03-30
Volume volume23
Issue issue2
Start Page 9
End Page 19
ISSN 0475-0071
language English
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307693
JaLCDOI 10.18926/15478
FullText URL Mem_Fac_Eng_OU_23_2_45.pdf
Author Taniguchi, Takeo| Fujiwara, Kohji|
Abstract This paper includes a solver for a large sparse set of linear algebraic equations which are obtained by the application of the finite element method to static structural problems. Proposed method is a modification of Robust Incomplete Choleski-Conjugate Gradient Method, which belongs to Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method suitable for supercomputers. Through a number of numerical experiments the authors show that Robust Incomplete Choleski-Conjugate Gradient Method sometimes fails in to obtain the solutions, secondly they clarify the reason of the failures from the theoretical viewpoint, and finally they propose a modification of the robust method by the introduction of the theoretical result. Proposed method is as effective as the original, and it can overcome the demerit of Robust Method which is clarified through numerical experiments.
Publication Title Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University
Published Date 1989-03-30
Volume volume23
Issue issue2
Start Page 45
End Page 55
ISSN 0475-0071
language Japanese
File Version publisher
NAID 120002307820