Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002cover / title pageENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001cover / title pageENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003cover / title pageENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004cover / title pageENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713712002cover / title pageENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003contents / back coverENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004contents / back coverENNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002contents / back coverENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001contents / back coverENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713712002contents / back coverENFaculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713021996Yukawa System in One-Dimensional External Field2737ENHirooTotsujiTokunariKishimotoChiekoTotsuji10.18926/15402The behavior of the Yukawa system in external one-dimensional force fields is analyzed by the molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of layered structures at low temperatures is observed and the relation between the number of layers and characteristic parameters of the system is obtained. Since the Yukawa system serves as a model of clouds of dust particles in plasmas (dusty plasma) which play an important role in plasma processes of semiconductor engineering, the results may be useful to control the quality of semiconductor wafers in such processes. In simulations, periodic boundary conditions are
imposed in two dimensions and deformations of periodic boundaries are allowed in order to reduce the effect of boundaries without giving too much constraint on the symmetry.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991X-ray Topographs of Strain Field Induced by Locally Ion-Plated Films on Si Substrates915ENMasatoMikuniMoritakaHidaNorihideNishidaAkiraSakakibaraMasuoYamada10.18926/15503Strains induced in the Si substrates by TiN film were observed with X-ray topography. The image of the sample with TiN film 0.45m thick was like that of a dislocation loop observed with transmission electron microscope. The images of the samples with TiN films 1.65, and 1.9m thick were different; blackening spreaded in the <112> and <110> direction from the ring contrast in shape of four-lobed rosette pattern. Spreading extended 1.6 times longer than the radius of the ring contrast along the <112> direction. The strain field extended 0.1m in depth from the top surface where TiN was plated. From the topographs of bent Si beam, it was found that the blackness was almost proportional to the strain. The strains induced by TiN film locally ion-plated were smaller than those observed
previously when TiN was ion-plated on the whole top surface of the substrate. Fine structures were observed in the topographs which could not be explained by the kinematical theory.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712821994X-Ray Topographic Observation of Strain Generated by Thin Film (TiN) on Silicon Surface1320ENHisaoKusumotoMoritakaHidaAkiraSakakibaraNorihideNishidaYoshitoTakemotoMasuoYamada10.18926/15453The strain in Si substrate induced by locally ion-plated thin film of TiN was observed by X-ray topograph (Lang technique). Circular TiN film was deposited on one side of the Si surface. In all topographs the highest blackness attributed to kinematical diffraction effect occurred at the film edge. Rosette pattern with four-lobes was observed around the film. Blackness as a whole increased with the film thickness. Strain was observed in the depth direction of substrate by limited projection method. When the slit width was narrowed, the kinematical images disappeared, and white images appeared at the film edge. All the contrast disappeared when the TiN film was completely removed in boiling HNO(3). The strain induced by the film deposition was proved to be elastic.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712321989Wettability and Supercooling Phenomena of Ga18ENHidetoKamiyabuAkiraSakakibaraHironobuMaedaMoritakaHida10.18926/15469Surface tension ((L)) and contact angle () of gallium related to wettability on Teflon and other substrates (Al(2)O(3), SiO(2), glass, graphite, BN, AI, Ni, As etc.) were investigated. The values of Teflon were 0.70(6)N/m and 158 in pure argon atmosphere, and the ones of other substrates were listed in a table in this text. We were interested especially in the relative values, (L)'s, on the substrates as compared with (L) on Teflon substrate. Liquid Ga showed spreading wetting on pure Ni metal and adhesional wetting on Al (supposed to be covered by A1(2)O(3)) and on metallic polycrystal As. Surface tension of Ga was remarkably decreased by a kind of oxide contamination
due to oxygen in air. The surface layer coated by the contamination was of amorphous state nearly same as liquid Ga. The amorphous coat caused liquid Ga rather high supercooling of T~35K. It seems that the contamination layer (oxide fi1m) smeared the crystal nucleation sites on the free surface of liquid GaNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Vibrational Properties of Si Crystal with Vacancy : A Tight-Binding Study4447ENKenjiTsurutaChiekoTotsujiHirooTotsuji10.18926/14058To analyze vibrational properties of Si crystal with a single charge-neutral vacancy, we perform large-scale simulations based on tight-binding molecular-dynamics method.
Vibrational modes and frequencies are obtained by diagonalizing dynamical matrix within a harmonic approximation. Results indicate that there exist vibrational modes spatially localized around the vacancy and large frequency shifts associated with the localized
modes contribute significantly to reduction of the vibrational free energy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991Urban Expressway Pricing under Constraint7594EN10.18926/15421Four radials-single ring urban expressway network is priced and, simultaneously, optimized in its spatial formation under the constraint that a balance must be kept of revenue and expenditure. The model consists of three sub-models: road system, car trip generation-attraction and traffic diversion. Network performance is assessed on two criteria; trip number criterion on which the aggregate number of car trips diverted onto expressway is maximized and travel hour criterion on which the travel hours of car trips integrated over the road system; surface and expressway, is minimized. Optimization is tried by numerical calculation for some sets of parameters in the model. The results are summarized as follows; (1) simultaneous optimization of price and spatial formation of the expressway network is possible on each of criteria, (2) trip number criterion produces lower pricing and smaller network while travel hour criterion does higher pricing and larger network, (3) optimum solution lies in a delicate relation of price and spatial network formation that comes from the balance constraint.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Unified Computation of Strict Maximum Likelihood for Geometric Fitting1323ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/19955A new numerical scheme is presented for computing strict maximum likelihood (ML) of geometric
fitting problems having an implicit constraint. Our approach is orthogonal projection of observations
onto a parameterized surface defined by the constraint. Assuming a linearly separable nonlinear constraint, we show that a theoretically global solution can be obtained by iterative Sampson error minimization. Our approach is illustrated by ellipse fitting and fundamental matrix computation. Our method also encompasses optimal correction, computing, e.g., perpendiculars to an ellipse and triangulating stereo images. A detailed discussion is given to technical and practical issues about our approach.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004Uncertainty Modeling and Geometric Inference3959ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/46952We investigate the meaning of "statistical methods" for geometric inference based on image feature points. Tracing back the origin of feature uncertainty to image processing operations, we discuss the implications of asymptotic analysis in reference to "geometric fitting" and "geometric model selection", We point out that a correspondence exists between the standard statistical analysis and the geometric inference problem. We also compare the capability of the "geometric AIC" and the "geometric MDL' in detecting degeneracy. Next, we review recent progress in geometric fitting techniques for linear constraints, describing the "FNS method", the "HEIV method", the "renormalization method", and other related techniques. Finally, we discuss the "Neyman-Scott problem" and "semiparametric models" in relation to geometric inference. We conclude that applications of statistical methods requires careful considerations about the nature of the problem in question.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Uncalibrated Factorization Using a Variable Symmetric Affine Camera5363ENKenichiKanataniYasuyukiSugaya10.18926/14123In order to reconstruct 3-D Euclidean shape by the Tomasi-Kanade factorization, one needs to specify an affine camera model such as orthographic, weak perspective, and paraperspective. We present a new method that does not require any such specific models. We show that a minimal requirement for an affine camera to mimic perspective projection leads to a unique camera model, which we call a symmetric affine camera, which has two free functions. We determine their values from input images by linear computation and demonstrate by experiments that an
appropriate camera model is automatically selected.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712921995Ultrasonic Implantation of Bioactive Glass Particles into Poly(methyl methacrylate) Substrates7781ENKanjiTsuruChikaraOhtsukiAkiyoshiOsaka10.18926/15426Poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates were immersed in suspensions containing bioactive 50CaO50SiO(2) (mol%) glass particles (45 m in diameter) and a 6:4 (volume fraction) mixture of ethanol and THF, and an ultrasonic energy was applied to the system. A layer of glass particles was implanted and covered more than 50% of the substrate surface. Thin film X-ray diffraction patterns and FT-IR reflection spectra indicated deposition of apatite on the glass-implanted substrates after they were soaked for 12 h in a simulated body fluid similar in apatite-deposition ability to the human blood plasma. Flake-like apatite crystallites formed on the substrate soaked in SBF for 3 days.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Ultra-Micro Hardness Testing and Microscopic Deformationof Polycrystalline Aluminum919ENTakejiAbeTomoakiTsuboi10.18926/15346The evaluation of microscopic inhomogeneity of polycrystalline aluminum is performed by measuring the hardness in respective grains. The recently developed ultra-micro hardness tester is used and the effects of the test pattern, the indentation load and the indenting velocity are examined. Then, the relationship between the increase in the hardness caused by the work hardening and the deformation of respective grains are statistically investigated. The hardness testing mode in which the initial load is applied before the onset of measurement gives more stable results than the testing mode without the initial load. The test condition with the indentation load of 9.8mN and the indentation velocity of 0.2 m/sec seems to be optimum and gives the least dispersion of the measured values in grains. It is shown that the hardness values of respective grains in polycrystalline aluminum as well as their dispersion increase with the applied plastic strain. Discussion is made on the microscopic deformation behavior of polycrystalline aluminum.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Trends in the Regional Structure of Manufacturing Industries in Japan115133ENHirofumiAbe10.18926/15485The rapid economic growth of Japan in the postwar period has brought about the over-concentration of activities in a few large cities, and local regions have been losing their economic vitality due to the regional differentials and the population loss. Regional development planning in Japan has sought to achieve a balanced growth of the nation through the development of industries in local regions. This paper aims to examine the regional structure of manufacturing industries in the postwar period and to
identify its current problems. Three methods, namely the analysis of coefficient of variation, the rateshare analysis and the shift-share analysis are applied using employment data of manufacturing industries for the years 1955 to 1985. Findings show that while the employment of manufacturing industries has been markedly decentralized from metropolitan to local regions, the disparities in growth rates still exist among regions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Transport Simulasion in a Burning Tokamak Plasma93109ENAtsushiFukuyamaYoichiroFurutani10.18926/15441A one-dimensional tokamak transport code (TASK/TR) has been developed to analyze the evolution of a burning plasma accompanied with fusion reaction. This code deals with the electrons, deuterons, tritons, thermalized particles, fast particles and beam ions, separately, in order to describe the dependence of the reaction rate on the ion mixture ratio. As an energy transport model, the drift wave turbulence mode is employed. The heating and current drive by the neutral beam injection as well as the pellet injection for fuelling are also included. This code is applied to a reactor-grade plasma aimed at in the ITER project. The cases of an ignited plasma and a current-driven plasma are examined. The required power for full current drive is estimated. The effect of pellet injection, both fuel and impurity ions, is also studied.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712311988Transient Displacement Response to Pulse Excitations on Periodontal Tissues4960ENHisaoOkaTatsumaYamamoto10.18926/15465In the field of dental study it is most fundamental and necessary to estimate the condition of periodontium. In order to examine a mechanical characteristics of periodontium, the theoretical displacement response to periodontal mechanical model (three elements model) are strictly solved in case of some pulse excitations. Impact excitations (rectangular, triangular and half-cycle sine pulse) are given in physical and mathematical definitions and complete solutions to the impact excitations are provided. The triangular pulse excitation which is obtained by means of a fracture of pencil-lead is most suitable. The mechanical parameters of periodontium are given using this input excitation. This is experimentally confirmed by artificial tooth model. The obtained mechanical characteristic of the periodontal tissues can be applied to clinical diagnosis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Transfer of Quantum Information by Spin Chains : Effect of Noise5355ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/14060In order to transfer quantum information, the use of spin chains has been proposed and their transfer characteristics have been analyzed. As one of the latter, the maximum of the transfer probability over sufficiently long time period is often considered important and some examples with high maximum values have been given. In these examples, the coupling between neighboring spins are tuned so as to attain high efficiency. In this article, we discuss the effect of noise on the values of coupling constant. As a result, we propose a system where the efficiency is high and also the effect of noise is small.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Transfer Routing of Ore Yard by Decentralized Agent Method2330ENJunjiKikuchiMasamiKonishiTatsushiNishiJunImai10.18926/14099In steel works, iron ores are stored in ore yard and sent to various plants of down stream accoding to transfer requests. To attain stable operation, it is neccesary to keep a certain allowable stock level in ore tanks of all plants. To this purpose, ore transfer routing method has been developed based on decentralized agent method. In case of disaster such as a big earthquake or a big fire, damages in the facilities of industrial complex may be unavoidable. In this paper, decentralized optimization method is tested to cope with such emergencies. Decentralized agents corresponding to kind of ore make their own transfer
route plan exchanging information with others. As the application of the proposed method, transfer scheduling in ore yard in steel works are made in case of destruction of transfer facilities.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Transfer Planning of Molten Metals in Steel Worksby Decentralized Agent6070ENJunjiKikuchiMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/14062In steel works, molten metals discharged from blast furnace are put into a pan for transportation called torpedo and transported to steel making factory by a locomotive. In molten metals transportation, it becomes issues to prevent temperature drop of molten metals for stable production of down stream plants to shorten transportation time. Therefore it is necessary to make an appropriate plan for molten metals transfer considering the production
and the transportation simultaneously. In this paper, molten metals transfer planning method is proposed including production scheduling. That is, torpedo schedule, transfer request assignment and route plan of locomotives are optimized according to each objective.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Tracking Control of Combination Vehicles with PreviewFeedforward Compensation3238ENShujiMabuchiMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/17835A tractor-trailer vehicle in the factory might move on the route determined beforehand. However, automation of a tractor-trailer vehicle is difficult so that it is necessary to consider the nonlinearity of a vehicle and a trailer. In this research, the effective tracking control
method of a tractor-trailer vehicle is proposed. The control method using time-state control form for a preview control is presented, and be applied a tractor-trailer vehicle with nonholonomic characteristics. Results of numerical experiments are presented to check effectiveness
of the proposed control method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712721993Tooth Mobility Measurement of Dental Implants1117ENHisaoOkaTatsumaYamamoto10.18926/15400The use of dental implants has increased together with increases in the human life span and it has become an imperative subject for dentists to familiarize themselves with this treatment modality. Unfortunately, there has been no practical and quantitative method for in vivo evaluation of the stability of dental implants. In the tooth mobility examination, the tactile sense of natural teeth is different from that of dental implants. The authors have developed an automatic diagnosis system of tooth mobility for clinical use. The biomechanical mobility of peri-implantium is measured with a pseudo-random vibration, from which the viscoelasticity c1, c2, k of peri-implantium is obtained. The diagnosis system has been applied to the quantitative evaluation of the stability of implants : endodontics endosseous implants (titanium pin), endosseous implants (Bioceram). It has also been applied to the evaluation of the long-term prognoses of dental implantation (Bioceram) and the examination of Intramobile implant (IMZ), and the satisfactory results have been obtained.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071221988Thermodynamic Sum Rules for Mixtures of Charged Particles3544ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/15450Several methods to derive thermodynamic sum rules for a system including charged particle are proposed and applied to charged mixtures as well as one-component systems. The validity of the statements is examined carefully with respect to the ordering in the powers of the wave number. As for the mixture of electrons and ions, it is shown how the aspect of the one-component plasma or the ionic mixture appears when electrons become strongly degenerate.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992The study on the Evaluation of Eye Movement Using Computer Program2541ENMasaakiMatsudaHirokazuOsaki10.18926/15429The eye movement has been studied widely, because it gives various information about the characteristics of visual work. Almost all of those studies have concentrated on the distribution of the visual points, the direction and width of the saccadic movement and the fixation time of the measures. However there are few measures to evaluate the relationship between the visual objects and eye movement. Recently, the personal computer become portable and this makes it possible to analyze the many data and to show the results graphically on the experimental field. In this study, we propose a series of methods to evaluate how a subject looks at a visual field using the queue theory, and how often man looks at the central part of the visual field using the statistical two-dimensional ellipse. We developed the Pascal program on an personal computer(NEC PC9800). This program has 3 functions. One is the measurement of eye movement, the second is the calculation of the proposed measures and the third is the display of the results of these calculations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001The role of interhelical cleavage for insecticidal activityof Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4A toxin147154ENMasashiYamagiwaHiroshiSakai10.18926/15366The Cry4A toxin is a dipteran-specific insecticidal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis as a protoxin of 130 kDa. Its active form is a heterodimer of 20- and 45-kDa fragments which is generated by an interhelical cleavage of a 60-kDa intermediate at the position of Gln236 between 5 and 6 helices in domain I. On the other hand, Cry1Aa, which is also produced as a 130-kDa protoxin but toxic to lepidopteran larvae, was processed into the active 60-kDa fragment with no additional cleavage. To investigate the role of the intramolecular cleavage of Cry4A for its insecticidal activity, the loop between 5 and 6 of Cry4A which includes the cleavage site was substituted for the corresponding region of Cry1Aa. The resulting mutant designated GST-60Loop was expressed as a GST-fusion protein. A difference of the processing profile was observed between GST-60 and GST-60Loop in the in vitro digestion assay by trypsin, and the insecticidal activity of GST-60Loop was two-fold lower than that of GST-60. These results suggested that the interhelical cleavage of Cry4A promoted the toxicity against C. pipiens larvae.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003The role of helices of domain I for the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4A toxin6772ENMasashiYamagiwaHiroshiSakai10.18926/46981An active form of Cry4A is a heterodimer of the 20- and 45-kDa fragments that are derived from the 130-kDa Cry4A protoxin. To investigate the function of these two fragments, several deletion mutants were constructed and expressed in E.coli as the GST (glutathione-S-transferase) fusion proteins. The results of the bioassay against Culex pipiens larvae showed that the interaction of two fragments of Cry4A was necessary for the toxicity, and that the C-terminal 67 amino acids of the 20-kDa fragment corresponding to the helices 4 and 5 were involved in determining the insecticidal activity. Surprisingly the lack of helix 5 did not affect the toxicity to C. pipiens, suggesting that the role of helix 5 of Cry4A was different from that postulated in the case of Cry4A toxins.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004The cytotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. coreanensis A2316 strain against the human leukemic T cell97100ENMasashiYamagiwaTaichiHiraoMasaakiKiyomiTetsuyukiAkaoEiichiMizukiMichioOhbaHiroshiSakai10.18926/46956Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. coreanensis A2316 is a newly isolated strain from Yonakunijima Island in Japan. It produces the proteinaceous inclusion body (crystal) which has no insecticidal and hemolytic activities. When the crystal proteins were digested by proteinase K, they exhibited the strong cytotoxicity against human leukemic T cell, MOLT-4. The proteinase K-digested A2316 crystal proteins have little damage upon the cell membrane of MOLT-4, suggesting that the cell death of MOLT-4 was induced through a mechanism other than the colloid-osmotic swelling and cell lysis as caused by hitherto known B. thuringiensis crystal proteins. The 29-kDa polypeptide proved to be an active component of the proteinase K-digested A2316 crystal proteins. EC(50) of the purified 29-kDa polypeptide was 0.0579 g/ml. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 29-kDa polypeptide was identical with that of p29 produced by B. thuringiensis A1519 strain and shared no significant homology with all the known proteins, suggesting that this polypeptide belong to a new family of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991The Systematic Method for Constructing the IDEA BANK Based on the EBL95108ENHiroshiKawakamiTadatakaKonishi10.18926/15423This paper describes a method to construct IDEA BANK automatically. IDEA BANK is the data base of the "function-structure module" which is utilized in systematic conceptual design from Value Engineering perspectives. The method based on the Machine Learning EBL technique was evaluated and implemented for the IDEA BANK using SUN workstation. The practical implementation of the IDEA BANK acquisition was discussed after elucidating the problem and solution of the EBL technique in engineering design. In the IDEA BANK system, the structural features of an existing article are analyzed by hierarchically organized domain specific knowledge to yield a systematic explanation of how they function and attain their design goals. The explanation resulted in a generalized version of the Functional Diagram used in Value Engineering from which "function-structure module" can be extracted systematically.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712311988The Study on the Evaluation of the Visual Work Using the Logistic Curve112ENMasaakiMatsudaHirokazuOsaki10.18926/15455Display equipment has been used as communication media in
the factory, office, and home. In order to communicate
effectively, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics
of eye movement in the case of looking at the display. The development of Eye Camera enables us to measure eye movement during work, so that we can collect the many data of eye movement during work. In this study, we proposed a method to evaluate the visual work using the distribution of visual points in X and Y axis. The cumulative distribution is approximated by the logistic curve which shows the symmetry and kurtosis by the parameter. The proposed method was applied to the three typical display models, that is, the digital meter model, reading model, and game model. In the digital meter model, the visual points were distributed symmetrically along the meters, and the symmetry and kurtosis of the distribution varied by the arranged direction of the meter. In the reading model, the visual points were distributed nearly symmetrically and uniformly in each axis and they were moved around the character and line from the period of spectrum analysis. In the game model, the visual points moved according to the target and were distributed symmetrically in the Y axis. And whether the target moved vertically or horizontally, the kurtosis of the distribution became equal in each axis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990The Structure of Interregional Migration in Japanese Regions : An Application of Multidimensional Scaling8998ENHirofumiAbe10.18926/15496Multidimensional scaling (MDS) has been used in a wide variety of research fields; psychology, political science, anthropology, marketing research, urban and regional planning, and so on. In practical terms, MDS is a statistical method to make a picture of the information in the data. It enables us to examine the "hidden structure" of a set of data. When the set of data is large, MDS is extremely useful, since it is easier and more informative to look at a picture than the data themselves. In this paper, MDS is applied to the interregional migration data of Japanese regions for the years 1960-85. Findings show that the two-dimensional configuration of regions estimated by MDS generally corresponds with the geographical locations of regions, and the structure of interregional migration was very stable over the study years 1960-85. It is also suggested that MDS is a useful tool to identify the relationships between regions using the spatial interaction data.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713311998The Recognition Methods Combined Image Processing With 2D or 3D CAD Information (CAD/IP)4752ENMitsuruJindaiHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajiharaYosiomiMunesawa10.18926/19615In this paper, we propose the recognition methods by image processing using 2D or 3D CAD. In the case of 2D CAD, an object is recognized by comparing five characters calculated from the center of gravity and contour. In the case of 3D CAD, there are two recognition methods. Firstly 3D CAD figure is transformed into 2D CAD figures. And an object is recognized by comparing 2D CAD figures with inputted images. Secondly the three dimensional coordinates of vertexes on an object are calculated from the images taken from some cameras and compared 3D coordinates with those of 3D CAD figures and recognized the sort of an object.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006The Orders of Elliptic Curves y(2) = x(3) + b, b F(* q)8394ENYasuyukiNogamiYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/14126This paper particularly deals with elliptic curves in the form of E(x, y) = y(2) | x(3) |b = 0, b F(* q) , where 3 divides q|1. In this paper, we refer to the well-known twist technique as x-twist and propose y-twist. By combining x-twist and y-twist, we can consider six elliptic curves and this paper proposes a method to obtain the orders of these six curves by counting only one order among the six curves.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007The Number of the Irreducible Cubic Polynomials in the Form of x(3) + ax + b with a Certain Fixed Element a110ENYasuyukiNogamiYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/14079In this paper, we first show the number of x's such that x(2) +u, u F(*)(p) , becomes a quadratic residue in F(p), and then this number is proven to be equal to (p+1)/2 if |u is a quadratic residue in Fp, which is a necessary fact for the following. With respect to the irreducible cubic polynomials over Fp in the form of x(3)+ax+b, we give a classification based on the trace of an element in F(p3) and based on whether or not the coefficient of x, i.e. the parameter a, is a quadratic residue in Fp. According
to this classification, we can know the minimal set of the irreducible cubic polynomials, from which all the irreducible cubic polynomials can be generated by using the following two variable transformations: x=x + i, x=j|1x, i, j Fp, j 0. Based on the classification and that necessary fact, we show the number of the irreducible cubic polynomials in the form of x(3)+ax+b, b F(p), where a is a certain fixed element in F(p).No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991The Model of Water Quality Management for the Hino River6173ENOsamiKawara10.18926/15420Lake Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and one of the most important fresh water resources. The Hino River is the fourth largest river among the rivers which flow into Lake Biwa. The eutrophication of the lake has been warned since the 1960s. In order to improve the water quality of the lake, to decrease the loads through rivers is inevitable. Therefore, it is needed to predict the effects of measures to control pollutant loads and the influence of development in the basin on the loads from rivers before developing the basin and taking measures. This paper deals mainly with the model of water quality management for the Hino River and the effects of the development in the basin on the water quality. The model was formulated considering loads from forests, rice paddy fields, households, housing land, industrial factories. Using this model, a calculation system by a microcomputer was developed and the influence of urbanization of the basin was discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992The Impact of JR Seto Ohashi Line on Residential Land Value8192ENHirofumiAbe10.18926/15396This paper aims to examine the impact of JR (Japan Railways) Seto Ohashi Line on residential land value. First, the study examines the trends in land value in the area along JR Seto Ohashi Line by applying the area comparison method. The method estimates the effect of JR Seto Ohashi Line on residential land value by comparing land values between the study area and the Okayama Metropolitan Area. Second, the property value method is applied to measure the effect of railroad construction. The effect is estimated with a residential land-value regression, which is calibrated using land value data along the Seto Ohashi Line. Finally, the results are compared with the empirical studies in the Greater Tokyo Region, and various features of the impact of railroad construction on land value are identified.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712921995The Electronic Structure of C(60) Molecule -Structure of -electron Band-6776ENChiekoTotsuji10.18926/15424The -electron band of C(60) molecule has been obtained by the tight binding approximation. Application of molecular orbital wave functions derived on the basis of the optimized bond orbital model gives, with simpler calculations, the results in satisfactory agreement with those of previous theoretical analyses.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991The Effect of Electrode Polarity on Electrical Discharge Machining Performance in Water920ENYoshiyukiUnoToshikatsuNakajima10.18926/15410Practical utilization of ram type electrical discharge machining in uninflammable fluid has been expected in place of inflammable kerosine type fluid for unmanned operation in a workshop. The electrical discharge machining performance in deionized water is experimentally investigated on the basis of the analysis of the crater generated by a single pulse discharge. The experimental analysis makes it clear that the electrical discharge machining performance in deionized water is greatly affected by the electrode polarity. The metal removal rate in the normal polarity machining is higher than that in reverse polarity machining, while the electrode wear rate in the normal polarity machining is greater than that in reverse polarity machining. Therefore the electrode polarity should be properly selected according to the purpose of machining.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989The Diffusion of Sodium Ions into Tin Oxide Thin Films from Glass Substrates5361ENAkiyoshiOsakaKiichiOdaJunTakadaYoshinariMiura10.18926/15474Electrical resistance and X-ray photoelectron depth profile analysis are studied for antimony doped tin oxide films developed on silica, alkali-free and sodalime slide glass substrates. The sodium ions diffused from the substrates to the films prevented the crystal growth of rutile type tin oxide in the film, resulting in the high electrical resistance. A diffusion layer has been detected for each film with diffuse profiles of multi valent cations (Sn, Si or Ca) at the interface of the tin oxide film and substrate. A greater amount of sodium atoms have been detected in the film developed on the soda-lime glass while almost no sodium atoms have been found in those on the other substrates. This can be explained by the diffusion of the sodium ions in the substrate due to a drastic hydronium-sodium exchange mechanism under highly acidic conditions during the dipping and drying processes.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Temperature Distribution Control of Reactor Furnace by StateSpace Method using FEM Modeling7990ENMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/14064The operations of a reactor furnace such as a blast furnace still depend on the experiences and intuitions of skilled operators due to the complexity of internal furnace phenomena and high temperature. There is a great demand for stable operations under the circumstances of a decrease in the number of skilled operators and difficulty in technology inheritance.
This paper aims to construct mathematical description for control of a reactor furnace.
Further, the linear-quadratic-gaussian control system for a reactor furnace is proposed, which estimates inner furnace temperature distribution using measured data near furnace wall.
Temperature distribution of a furnace is controlled based on the estimated inner temperature distribution changing of boundary conditions of a furnace. The practicability of the proposed control method was checked through numerical experiments.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Synthesis of Poly(ethylene-block-vinylalcohol)for Use as Amphiphilic Film Surface at High Temperature2934ENKaoruShimamuraTetsuyaUchida10.18926/15350Poly (ethylene-block-vinyl alcohol), which consisted of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks, was prepared by using polyethylene single crystals as starting material. Polyethylene single crystals reacted with fuming nitric acid resulting in long methylene chains with functional groups such as COOH and NO(2) at the ends (the chain length were almost same as the lamellar thickness of polyethylene single crystal). The functionalized methylene chains were allowed to react with 4-aminostyrene to give corresponding amides, i.e., methylene chains with vinyl groups at the ends (macromer). The macromers were extended by block-copolymerization with vinyl acetate, then saponified resulting in PE/PVA block co-polymer. The block copolymer was molded into sheets which were subsequently heat-treated in contact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic media. Depending on the media, the sheet surface changed at high temperature reversibly from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and vice versa. The surface property was fixed by quenching because both blocks were able to crystallize. Thus the surface of this material can be tailored for various purposes at high temperature, and then used in stable at room temperature.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713111996Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[(benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']bisthiazole-2,6-diyl)-1,4-phenylene]1117ENTetsuyaUchidaKaoruShimamura10.18926/19624Poly[(benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']bissthiazole-2,6-diyl)-1,4-phenylene](cis-PBZT)with a relatively high molecular weight was prepared by a new synthesis route. Properties of the synthesized polymer, such as thermostability, liquid crystallinity etc. were investigated and compared with those of trans-PBZT. cis-PBZT was crystallized from dilute solution and the electron microscopy showed that the precipitate was a rod-like crystal similar to that of trans form. In spite of rigid nature of the back bone, cis-PBZT showed poor crystallinity.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Surface Defect Inspection of a Cutting Tool by Image Processing with Neural Networks5560ENShinichiroInoueMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/17841In this research, an image processing method and a system for inspection support of a rod figured cutting tool are developed. As is well known, the visual inspection of a cutting tool by image processing is not easy, because cutting blade have a helical blade structure. To cope with the problem, an experimental facility with rotation and longitudinal tool shift functions to enable acquisition of blade surface pictures along a cutting rod is developed. The type of the defect treated in this paper is the spot of coating on blade surface. To judge the quality of the processed image of blade surface, neural network with autonomous learning is used. The processed image of cutting tool is divided into 64 ~ 64 blocks used for the
input to the neural networks. Before input, each block data is preprocessed applying a edge detection filter and a transformation by the discrete fourier transform (DFT). Using these technologies, the experimental inspection system is built and tested to check the capabilities of the inspection algorithms. The diagnostic performance of the surface defect of a cutting tool was confirmed. There remained a problem to mis judge the normal tools as the defect.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990Superconductivity Proximity Effect in Inhomogeneous Media5157ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/15490The superconductivity proximity effect in the dirty limit is revisited and equations and boundary conditions are obtained for the case of inhomogeneous media with continuously varying characteristic parameters.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712911994Study on Water Quality of Surface Runoff and Groundwater Runoff on the Basis of Separation by a Numerical Filter2334ENOsamiKawara10.18926/19585In this study we investigated the water quality of surface runoff and groundwater runoff from the basins of the Yodo River and the Asahi River based on that separated by a numerical filter. The water quality of the surface runoff is greatly different from the groundwater runoff. The tendency of concentration change in accordance with river discharges is different from each other. The water qtiality of groundwater runoff changes with river discharges clockwise in many cases. The differences of COD and SS originating from those of population and industrial activities in each basin are found in the lower SS concentrations of the surface runoff and the COD cencentrations of the groundwater runoff. The nutrients and chlorine ion were investigated, too.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071321-21998Study on Electrical Discharge Machining Characteristics of Coated Electrodes16ENChangningGuoYoshiyukiUnoAkiraOkadaTakashiTakagi10.18926/19628Low electrode wear EDM is attained by the adhesion of heat resolved carbon made from kerosine type machining fluid to the electrode end surface. This phenomenon, however, occurs only under long pulse duration. Therefore, the low electrode wear EDM under finishing condition is impossible so far. In the previous paper, the authors developed a turbostratic carbon electrode whose structure is very similar to the heat resolved carbon generated in EDM process and made it clear that the low electrode wear EDM was possible by using the electrode even under finishing condition. In this study, a carbon coated electrode and a SiC coated one which can be made rapidly at low cost were developed and their EDM characteristics were investigated. Experimental analysis pointed it out that both electrodes were effective in reducing electrode wear under finishing condition.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007Structure, Morphology and Color Tone Properties of theNeodymium Substituted Hematite9398ENMakotoNakanishiTatsuoFujiiJunTakada10.18926/14088Co-precipitation method has been employed to fabricate neodymium substituted hematite with different compositions from the aqueous solution of their corresponding
metal salts. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the coexistence of Fe(2)O(3) and Nd(2)O(3) phases up to 1050 and formation of solid solution phase among
them at 1100 and above temperatures, which was evidenced by shifting of the XRD peaks. Unit cell parameters and the cell volumes of the samples were found to increase by adding Nd(3+) ions in the reaction process. FESEM studies showed the suppression of particle growth due to the presence of Nd(3+) ions. Spectroscopic measurement evidenced that neodymium substituted hematite exhibited brighter yellowish red color tone than that of pure -Fe(2)O(3).No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071321-21998Structure of Yukawa (Dusty Plasma) Mixtures2341ENHirooTotsujiTokunariKishimotoChiekoTotsuji10.18926/19636Parameters characterizing the structure ot confined Yukawa system are estimated for 'dusty plasmas', clouds of charged macroscopic particles formed near the boundary between plasma and the sheath and leviated by negatively biased electrode. When we have dust particles with different ratios of charge to mass, they form a two-dimensional Yukawa mixture or separate two-dimensional one-companent Yukawa systems, depending on the charge density in the sheath and number density of dust particles. In order to provide a basis for numerical simulations on Yukawa mixtures including Coulombic case, we summarize mathematical expressions necessary for molecular dynamics.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004Structure of Dusty Plasma under Microgravity2932ENHirooTotsujiChiekoTotsujiTakafumiOgawaKenjiTsuruta10.18926/46949The structure of dust particles in dusty plasmas under microgravity has been analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation. The charge neutrality condition satisfied by the system composed of dust particles and ambient plasma is properly taken into account. It is shown that dust particles form shell structures at low temperatures and the number of shells are obtained as a phase diagram in the plane of two parameters characterizing the system: the number of particles and the strength of screening. It is also shown that these structures are almost independent of the strength of screening.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713111996Structure of Dusty Plasma as Yukawa System Confined in One-Dimensional External Fields1933ENHirooTotsujiTokunariKishimotoChiekoTotsuji10.18926/15166As a model of dusty plasmas in external fields, Yuka.wa system in a one-dimensional external field is analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical approaches. It is shown that particles form clear thin layers (sheets) at low temperatures and the number of layers changes discretely with characteristic parameters of the system, accompanying the rearrangements of whole system from nearly equipartitioned layers to also nearly equipartitioned layers. The number, positions and populations of layers are obtained as functions of characteristic parameters. The shell (sheet) model which has been successful for confined one-component plasmas is extended to this system and results of numerical experiments are reproduced to a good accuracy. The effect of cohesive energy in each layer is of essential importance to reproduce discrete changes in the number of sheets.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Structure and Cohesive Energy of Large Spherical Coulomb Clusters4149ENHirooTotsujiTokunariKishimotoChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsuruta10.18926/46999The ground state of spherical clusters of charged particles of one species confined by the three-dimensional parabolic potential is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations with the system size from N = 5000 to N = 1.2 ~ 10(5) . The cohesive energy per particle is compared between the shell-structured clusters and spherical finite bcc lattices with relaxed surfaces, the former and the latter being the ground states for small systems and for the large enough systems, respectively. It is shown that, when N > N(c)(N(c) > N), finite bcc lattices with relaxed surfaces (the shell structures) have stronger cohesion than the shell structures (finite bcc lattices with relaxed surfaces) and the critical value of the transition N(c) is estimated to be 10(4) < N(c) < 1.4 ~ 10(4) . The nucleation of the bcc lattice in the shell-structured cluster of 2 ~ 10(4) ions is observed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Structure and Cohesive Energy of Large Spherical Coulomb Clusters5157ENChicoVaillancourt10.18926/47000This is a brief essay on using kinesthetic approaches to learning English as a second language. In the essay, I briefly discuss teaching philosophy and 2 small-scale Technical Engineering projects that I have introduced and completed with my 4(th) year engineering students in the spring of 2001.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Structural Analysis of Minimum Weight Codewords of the (32, 21, 6) and (64, 45, 8) Extended BCH Codes Using Invariance Property19ENTakuyaKoumoto10.18926/14053Two typical examples, the (32, 21, 6) and (64, 45, 8) extended code of primitive permuted BCH codes, are considered. The sets of minimum weight codewords are analyzed in terms of Boolean polynomial representation. They are classied by using their split weight structure with respect to the left and right half trellis sections, and for each class, the standard form is presented. Based on the results, we can generate a proper list of the minimum weight codewords of the codes.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Stochastic-Dierence-Equation Method for Long Time-scaleMolecular Dynamics Simulations3639ENAtsushiUchidaChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/14120We present a Stochastic-Difference-Equation (SDE) approach to long time-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which are required for nanosecond-scale phenomena. In this method, the MD trajectory in a fixed time period is obtained as a stationary solution of an action functional
based on an error accumulation of the equation of motion along the path, thus reducing the problem to a boundary-value problem, instead of an initial-value problem in the ordinary MD method. We apply the method to formation processes of Cu thin film via nanocluster deposition onto a substrate.
The applicability of the SDE algorithm to the problem and the effects of the choice of SDE parameters on the optimization processes of configuration pathway are examined.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007Statistical Optimization for Geometric Fitting: TheoreticalAccuracy Bound and High Order Error Analysis7392ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/14087A rigorous accuracy analysis is given to various techniques for estimating parameters of geometric models from noisy data for computer vision applications. First, it is pointed out that parameter estimation for vision applications is very different in nature from traditional statistical analysis and hence a different mathematical framework is necessary in such a domain. After general theories on estimation and accuracy are given, typical existing techniques are selected, and their accuracy is evaluated up to higher order terms. This leads to a ghyperaccurateh method that outperforms existing methods.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Statistical Estimation Model for Product Quality of Petroleum915ENTakashiNukinaMasamiKonishiTatsushiNishiJunImai10.18926/14097Controls of the temperature, pressure and flowing quantity are important for the stable operation of the product quality in the distillation tower. The usual measuring way of product quality estimation is made by the off-line analysis. In this paper, online estimation method of product quality is studied for improving the product quality. The estimation method based on stochastic analysis was developed for online estimation. In this paper, the
data of temperature, pressure and flow volum in the distillation tower are treated.
As the estimation models, RNN (Recurrent Neural Net Work) and PLS (Partial Least Square Regression Method) were adopted. The actual plant data were used in the analysis.
Both PLS and RNN models could compensate each other to improve the accuracy in estimation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Stability and Sensitivity Analysis in Convex Vector Optimization121131ENTetsuzoTaninoMasahiroTanaka10.18926/15389In this paper we provide some theoretical results on stability and sensitivity analysis in convex vector optimization. Given a family of parametrized vector optimization problems, the perturbation maps are defined as the set-valued map which associates to each parameter value the set of minimal points (properly minimal points, weakly minimal points) of the perturbed feasible set with respect to an ordering convex cone. Sufficient conditions for the upper and lower semicontinuity of the perturbations map are obtained. We also provide quantitative properties of the perturbation maps under some convexity assumptions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115452011Squaring Algorithm Efficient for Cubic Extension Field Derived with Pseudo Gauss Period Normal Basis5459ENKentaNekadoYusukeTakaiYasuyukiNogamiYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/44500Recently, pairing–based cryptographies have attracted much attention. For fast pairing calculation, not only pairing algorithms but also arithmetic operations in extension field should be efficient. Especially for final exponentiation included in pairing calculation, squaring is more important than multiplication. This paper considers squaring algorithms efficient for cubic extension field which is often used for pairing implementaions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Spin Polarization of Two-Dimensional Electron System in a Finite Domain5659ENChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/14061We analyze the ground state of the two-dimensional quantum system of electrons confined in a parabolic potential with the system size around 100. We map the system onto a classical system on the basis of the classical-map hypernetted-chain (CHNC) method which has been proven to work in the integral-equation-based analyses of uniform unbounded systems and then apply classical numerical simulations. We find that the confined system undergoes the transition to the spin polarized state with the decrease of the average density and the corresponding critical value is as low as rs ∼ 0.3 in terms of the usual rs parameter estimated for the average density. As the ground state
for given value of the rs parameter, our data give the critical value for the transition around 20 which
is consistent with the known possibility. The advantage of our method is a direct applicability to geometrically complex systems which are difficult to analyze by integral equations. The application to the structure like quantum dots reported here is the first example of such applications.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Spectrum of Schottky Noise in Ion Storage Rings129138ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/15444The spectrum of Schottky noise in ion storage rings is analyzed as density fluctuations in effectively one-dimensional plasmas. Strong coupling effects in these plasmas are discussed in relation to experimental observations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713111996Solution-Grown Crystals of Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole)510ENKaoruShimamuraTetsuyaUchida10.18926/19622Rigid polymer poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) was crystallized from dilute solution. Electron microscopy showed that upon quenching, flat fibrils with several nm thick were produced. Subsequent heat treatment in solvent changed the fibril into "shish-kebab". On the other hand, by isothermal crystallization, an aggregate of parallel rod-like crystals was obtained. The molecular chains were accommodated normal to the rod. Based on the observation of crystal morphology, the isothermal crystallization mechanism was proposed. Because of regidity of polymer chains and wide distribution of the molecular length, the chain ends were inevitably included within the crystals resulting in crystal defects such as axial shift, lattice curvature and edge dislocation which were directly observed by lattice imaging.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Small Type Hydrocyclone with a Perforated Inner Cylinder1924ENKyojiYamamoto10.18926/19657A new type of hydrocyclone with a perforated inner cylinder is tested experimentally to study its performance for liquid-solid separation. The size of the cyclone is small so that it may be effective for small particle separation. Two types of the inner cylinder were made : the one has 39.5% void fraction of the perforated surface and the other has 73.5% . The mean particle diameter is 4.5 m. It is found that the pressure loss of the cyclone with the inner cylinder is reduced by about 25% compared with that of the ordinary type. The new type cyclone has better separation efficiency.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007Simultaneous Optimization of Production and TransportationPlanning by using Logic Cut Algorithm3143ENRyoheiHamanaMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/14082Various kind of productions are made in semiconductor factories, where it employs the production system with
multiprocess and multiple Automated Guided Vehicles(AGVs) for transportation. It is difficult to optimize
planning of production and transportation simultaneously because of the complicated flow of semifinished products.
This paper describes the formulations of production scheduling and transportation routing, and algorithm
for simultaneous optimization of plannings by using logic cuts. The entire problem is decomposed to the master
problem and the sub problem. If it derives the infeasible solutions, new constraints are added to the master
problem to eliminate the solution area including infeasible solutions. The results of about optimality and computation
time by using CPLEX solver are shown compared with conventional decomposition method to check
up effectivity of proposed method in small size problem, and about optimality and computaion time for large
scale problem.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712721993Simulation of Hump Performance in Railroad Classification Yard5971EN10.18926/15406The paper presents methods for simulation and examination of the performance of a classification yard, including both manual and computer-aided methods. Presented methods are applicable to the simulation and examination of full range of yards of different types and sizes including manually operated as well as highly automated classification yards.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Simulation of Deformation of Ni Twinned Nanocrystal Model by Molecular Dynamics18ENYasuhiroOmuraMoritakaHidaAkiraSakakibaraYoshitoTakemoto10.18926/19648Molecular dynamics simulation of nickel crystal under uniaxial tensile and compressive deformation was performed for single nenocrystal model and twinned nanocrystal model composed of 1550 atoms using EAM (embedded atom method) potential with the object of investigating deformation induced phase tranformation (especially twin deformation). In the case of single nanocrystal model, the evolution and development of twin deformation, (111)[11(2)], is observed under compressive loading in [001] direction, whereas either slip or twin deformation is not recognized under tensile loading. In the case of twinned nanocrystal model, twin, (111)[11(2)], decreases and disappears under tensile loading, and develops under compressive loading, It is suggested from the difference of results between single nanocrystal model and twinned nanocrystal model that it is easy for twin to induce local deformation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003Serration in A l-Zn Alloys Containing a Small Amount of Fe14ENAkiraSakakibaraTerutoKanadani10.18926/46975Effect of addition of Fe on the occurrence of serration in Al-12mass%Zn alloys was investigated. Specimens aged at 293K for various periods after quenching from various temperatures (T(Q)), 398K to 823K, were tensile-tested at room temperature. Serration occurred more easily and more remarkably with decreasing T(Q) for as-quenched specimens: in the case that T(Q)=448K serration was observed both for the binary and Fe added alloys, while in the case that T(Q)=573K none of the three alloys showed serration. For the binary alloy serration was observed only when the aging period was short enough, but addition of Fe to the binary alloy prolonged the aging period where serration could be recognized. Aging rate measured by hardness was remarkably retarded with the increase of Fe addition. These results confirm the interpretation that the serration in Al-Zn alloy occurs in the early stage of aging where small GP zones or solute clusters are formed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004Serration and Reversion Treatment in Al-10mass%Zn Alloy14ENAkiraSakakibaraTerutoKanadani10.18926/46946The relationship between occurrence of serration and reversion heat treatment was studied by tensile test on Al-10mass%Zn alloy. Serration was observed for the furnace cooled specimen, but not for the as-quenched one and the shortly aged one, which result is difficult to be interpreted by the Cottrell theory. The stress amplitude in the serration increased with increasing the time of annealing for reversion up to 10ks and then stayed at a constant value which might be interpreted by the Cottrell theory. The stress amplitude in the serration decreased with increasing the annealing
temperature, which is contrary to the prediction by the Cottrell theory. The specimen directly annealed without aging and the one annealed after aging agreed well with each other in the tensile strength and the stress amplitude in the serration, which suggests solute clusters as the cause of serration.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003Sensitivity Analysis and its Application to the Control of Inner Furnace Temperature Distribution1327ENTaizoShibutaMasamiKonishiJunImaiTatsushiNishi10.18926/46977Nowadays, various kind of reactor furnaces are widely used for the production in industry. The raw materials charged into the furnace generate reaction heat produced by blowing gas. Generally speaking, the reaction heat generated in the furnace is remarkably high. Therefore the occurrence of an inappropriate temperature distribution in the furnace may make damege or serious accident of the furnace. This is the motivation of furnace control. The author is considering the application of studied results to the furnace control of Blast Furnace in steel industry. To the propose, the approximated and simplified Macro Model of the Blast Furnace is constructed which has the function of representation of qualitative characteristics of the furnace in dynamical sense. The furnace temperature, distribution greatly effects both on the producting and the product quality of the furnace. Needless to say, stable furnace operation is indispensable for the economical prosperity of the industry. In this paper, macro simulation of the furnace is developed to support the analysis and design of the furnace control. Using the simulator, the stability and the control characteristics for inner furnace temperature distribtion are analised quantitatively.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990Second Harmonic Detection of Atmospheric Trace Gases with a Train-Pulse Driven Lead-Salt Tunable Diode Laser for an Operation at Peltier Cooling Temperature3750ENMoncefBouzidiRyujiKogaOsamiWadaNaokiKagawaXuHaiMegumiKosakaHiroyaSano10.18926/15488Is proposed a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer system which employs a pulsed current to drive the diode laser still implementing a second-harmonic detection methods enhancing a signal to noise up to 104 times that the case without it. This system affords the lead-salt diode laser a higher operating temperature which allows a more compact deep cooling system. A principle is based on employing a gated integrator between the preamplifier and the lock-in amplifier. Investigations are made on the optimum selection of the gating aperture time interval as determined by response time of the infrared detector and the pulse width of the laser driving current.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712911994Scribing of Ceramie Circuit Board with Q-Switched NdFYAG Laser16ENYoshiyukiUnoShin-ichiroKubotaSeiichiYokomizoKojiroOgataNobuhikoTada10.18926/19584Scribing of copper coated alumina ceramic board with Q-switched YAG laser used for the maskless direct patterning of circuit@board is experimentally investigated, which leads to efficient production of trial circuit board. Better dividing of alumina circuit board 655m in thickness can be attained by the scribing of about 100m depth. Higher repetition frequency of laser irradiation leads to smaller notch angle and lower breaking load.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Scattering by a Penny-Shaped Crack Subject to Oblique Incident Waves139150ENSohichiHirose10.18926/15445Scattering problems by a penny-shaped crack are solved using a time-domain boundary integral equation method, The crack is located in an infinite homogeneous, isotropic, linearly elastic solid, and is subjected to an oblique incident wave of either P-, SV-, or SH-wave, The hypersingular integral equation is solved to obtain near-field solutions as well as scattered far-fields. The accuracy of the present method is confirmed by comparing the near-field solutions for different arrangement of elements, Scattered far-fields are calculated for various incident waves, and their usefulness in quantitative non-destructive evaluation is discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Scanning Probe Microscopy of Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) Lamellar Crystal3540ENKaoruShimamuraTetsuyaUchidaTomohiroInoue10.18926/15352Rigid polymer, poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole), formed lamellar crystals where the molecular chains were oriented perpendicular to the lamellae. It was supposed that, because of wide distribution in the chain length, the lamellar surface bristled with the chain cilia among which many voids were included. Crystallographically, this region
afforded us a transitional structure from full to deficient packings of chains. The structure was analyzed using the scanning probe microscope. In the course the method for imaging one molecular chain end was developed. From the images it was concluded that an isolated long cilius did not move so violently at room temperature.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713712002Robust Image Matching under a Large Disparity2532ENYasushiKanazawaKenichiKanatani10.18926/46970We present a new method for detecting point matches between two images without using any combinatorial search. Our strategy is to impose various local and non-local constraints as "soft" constraints by introducing their "confidence" measures via "mean-field approximations". The computation is a cascade of evaluating the confidence values and sorting according to them. In the end, we impose the "hard" epipolar constraint by RANSAC. We also introduce a model selection procedure to test if the image mapping can be regarded as a homography. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by real image examples.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713311998Rigid-Plastic Deformation of Inhomogeneous Material with Elliptic Inclusions Sliding along Boundary517ENTakejiAbe10.18926/19606The influence of the slip between the inclusion and the matrix during the plastic deformation of inhomogeneous material with elliptic inclusions is investigated. The material is assumed to be rigid-plastic. The boundary slip region is modeled by assuming lower yield stress for the thin boundary region than those of the inclusion and the matrix. The rigid-plastic finite element method is used for the numerical calculation under the plane strain condition. The effects of the aspect ratio of the inclusion, the yield stress of the boundary region, and the volume fraction of the inclusion on the deformation mode are studied. The patterns of the strain concentration and the averaged flow stress of the inhomogeneous material are also discussed. The results may be helpful for understanding creep or superplastic deformation of metals with inclusions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115472013Representation of Torsion Points on Pairing Curves of Embedding Degree 11924ENYasuyukiNogamiTaichiSumo10.18926/49321Recent efficient pairings such as Ate pairing use two efficient rational point subgroups such that
(P) = P and (Q) = [p]Q, where , p, P, and Q are the Frobenius map for rational point, the
characteristic of definition field, and torsion points for pairing, respectively. This relation accelerates not
only pairing but also pairing–related operations such as scalar multiplications. It holds in the case that
the embedding degree k divides r | 1, where r is the order of torsion rational points. Thus, such a case
has been well studied. Alternatively, this paper focuses on the case that the degree divides r + 1 but
does not divide r | 1. Then, this paper shows a multiplicative representation for r–torsion points based
on the fact that the characteristic polynomial f() becomes irreducible over Fr for which also plays a
role of variable.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002Regulatory Role for Complement Receptors (CD21/CD35) in the Recombination Activating Gene Expression in Mouse Peripheral B Cells5160ENMasakiHikidaMasakiMagariYasunoriNakayamaNaokiKanayamaHitoshiOhmori10.18926/47025A population of peripheral B cells have been shown to express recombination activating gene products, RAG-1 and RAG-2, which are considered to be involved in revising the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in the periphery. BCR engagement has been reported to turn off RAG expression in peripheral B cells, whereas the same treatment has an opposite effect in immature B cells in the bone marrow. In contrast to receptor editing that is involved in the removal of autoreactivity in immature B cells, it has been shown that secondary V(D)J rearrangement in peripheral B cells, termed receptor revision, contributes to affinity maturation of antibodies. Here, we show that RAG-2 expression in murine splenic B cells was abrogated by the coligation of BCR with complement receptors (CD21/CD35) much more efficiently than by the engagement of BCR alone. On the other hand, the same coligation augmented proliferation of anti-CD40-stimulated B cells. Consistent with these observations, RAG-2 expression was lower in the draining lymph nodes of the quasi-monoclonal mice when they were immunized with a high-affinity antigen than with a low-affinity one. These findings suggest a crucial role for CD21/CD35 in directing the conservation or the revision of
BCRs in peripheral B cells.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Regular Boundary Integral Formulation for the Analysis ofOpen Dielectric / Optical Waveguides4762ENYukioKagawa10.18926/15377Regular boundary element method is employed for the variational formulation of Helmholtz equation that governs the waveguiding problems. Like in the Charge simulation method, in this method, the source points associated with the fundamental solutions are allocated outside the domain so that the singular integrals which occur in the standard boundary element procedure can be avoided. First, the formulation is developed for the two-dimensional scalar Helmholtz problem solving for the axial components of either electric or magnetic fields. The application of the formulation is shown for simple hollow rectangular waveguide and dielectric-slab-loaded rectangular waveguide. Then the formulation is extended for the analysis of dielectric waveguides of open type incorporating axial components of both electric and magnetic fields, for the solution of the propagating modes which are generally of hybrid types. To show the validity and quality of the formulation, it is applied to a circular step-index optical waveguide and a dielectric rectangular waveguide. Very close agreements have been found when the solutions are compared with the ones obtained by different methods. One distinct merit of the extended formulation is that it has been fixed to suppress the spurious solutions which are encountered while solved by the conventional boundary element method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713311998Recognition Index of Part and Unit by Discrimination Characteristics3945ENYoshiomiMunesawaHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajihara10.18926/19612In this paper, we propose a recognition index to evaluate the complexity of discrimination among parts and units. The parts and units are classified into some groups (the number of groups is shown as n) by one characteristic, such as color, shape, size and so on. The recognition index of each is denoted as log(2) (n+1) by the information quantity formula. The recognition diagram shows the classfication of parts and units into only one part and unit by the structure of a characteristic. Further we propose the line balancing method for assembly line based on the working time and recognition index.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Rarefied Gas Flow Over a Solid Surface with Adsorbates917ENKyojiYamamoto10.18926/19654The molecular dynamics study is applied for interaction of the gas molecule with the solid wall to analyse the flow of a rarefied gas between two wall. The wall consisting of Pt molecules is considered to be in a state of physical adsorbates. Two problems are considered : one is the flow problem and the other is the temperature problem. It is found that the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient is about 0.8 when the relative speed ratio of the two walls is unity, while it decreases with increasing Knudsen number when the relative wall speed ratio is 5.0. It shown that the temperature accommodation coefficient is about 0.85 at 300K wall, 0.75 at 450K wall, and 0.69 at 600K wall.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Radiative Characteristics of Frost Layer in Frosting and Defrosting Processes116ENHideoInabaHideoOtakeShigeruNozu10.18926/15425Radiative characteristics of the frost layer melted by radiative heat are experimentally examined. A frost layer is heated from above by the radiative heat from a halogen lamp set. Thermal radiation of the lamp has the wavelength spectrum characteristics similar to those of the solar radiation. The effect of the environmental temperature upon the frost melting process is clarified in experiments. The optical characteristics of reflectivity, absorptivity and transmissivity of the frost layer during the melting of the frost layer are measured using special measuring instruments.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006RNN Based Auto-tuning of PID Control Gains in Hot StripLooper Controller1622ENYoshihiroAbeMasamiKonishiTatsushiNishiJunImai10.18926/14098In this study, auto tuning of PID control gains in hot strip looper controller is made based on RNN model. Neuro emulator is employed to model the characteristics of looper
dynamics. Combining neuro emulator and RNN model, auto tuning system of PID control gains is constructed. As the inputs to RNN, plural evaluation functions which reflect individual preference of human experts. Further, Self learning mechamism is embeded to RNN model which enables adaptation to the change in rolling chracteristics. Through numerical experiments, the effect of the proposed method is ascertained.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990Pumping Test for Multilayered Aquifers5969ENIichiroKohnoMakotoNishigaki10.18926/15492In this paper, we propose a method to determine the coefficients of permeability of the unconfined aquifer consisted of two different permeability layers. With mixing the conventional pumping test and falling head permeability test, the coefficients of permeabilitiy k(1) and k(2) were obtained. The validity of the proposed method is investigated by using the numerical simulation. As the results, it becomes apparent that the proposed method is applicable to real hydarulic problems.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713712002Pulse Timing Control of Multiple Signal Interconnections for Reduction of EMI5160ENAkihiroNambaYoshitakaToyotaOsamiWadaRyujiKoga10.18926/46972This paper presents pulse timing control method to reduce electromagnetic emission from multiple signal interconnections. Pulse timing control gives intentional skew between signals. Higher order harmonics are canceled because of the difference of the phase between the signals. Using this property, pulse timing control can reduce the EMI in wide frequency range. In this paper, we show that radiated electromagnetic field from multiple signal lines reduces its intensity to the same level of the field from one line by using pulse timing control. The result of measurement
shows that EMI from four differential transmission lines can be reduced more than 9 dB in the 200 MHz to 800 MHz frequency range.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Propagation Characteristics of Superlattice Potentials and their Optimization93105ENHirooTotsujiTerukiHatatani10.18926/15482Propagation of charged carriers in semiconductor
superlattices is analyzed on the basis of the effective mass approximation with appropriate boundary conditions at heterojunctions taken into account. Applying the finite element method, clarified are the effects of details of the potential profile, such as linear and smooth gradings and random fluctuations, on characteristics of superlattices which are expected to work as collector barriers and energy filters in electronic devices.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Process Fault Diagnosis using Neural Networks and Fault Tree Analysis Information3344ENYukiyasuShimadaKazuhikoSuzukiHayatoshiSayama10.18926/15391Neural nets have recently become the focus of much attention, largely because of their wide range of complex and nonlinear problems. This paper presents a new integrated approach using neural networks for diagnosing process failures. The fault propagation in process is modeled by causal relationships from the fault tree and its minimal cut sets. The measurement patterns required for training and testing the neural network were obtained from fault propagation model. The network is able to diagnose even in the presence of malfunction of certain sensors. We demonstrate via a nitric acid cooler process how the neural network can learn and successfully diagnose the faults.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Principle of Biodynamic Analysis Using Human Limb Electrical Impedance1924ENTakaoNakamuraYoshitakeYamamoto10.18926/15369This paper describes a new measurement method and principle of detection of biodynamics using bioelectrical impedance method based on four-electrode technique with sinusoidal constant current. This method uses a human body itself as a part of the sensor. First, we show a bioelectrical impedance measuring device and the change of bioelectrical resistance is measured in human movement. Second, we proposes a principle of detection of biodynamics based on correspondence of magnitude, form and stability of movement to impedance waveform. Hence we can use this method for the judgement of sports skill using the impedance characteristics.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713121997Price Determination Method Based on Price Elasticity6772ENHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajihara10.18926/19603In this paper, we propose the price determination method using the parameter of the price elasticity that shows the relation between price and demand. Firstly, the state of the price elasticity is examined under the condition that the relation between price and demand are assumed by the inverse proportional function, the linear function and the quadratic function. Secondly, the profit is estimated for each product by break even point analysis. And the price is determined under the condition that the relation between the demand and price is shown by one of three@demand-pridce functions above mentioned.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002Preparation of alginic acid layers on solid substrates for biomedical applications6772ENTomohikoYoshiokaKanjiTsuruSatoshiHayakawaAkiyoshiOsaka10.18926/47027Alginic acid was immobilized on -aminopropyltriethoxysilane-coated glass as a model substrate since an alginic acid layer was known to prevent cell adhesion. The surface was characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. The coated substrates adsorbed practically no calcium phosphates on their surfaces when soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) of Kolrubo recipe. Since calcium ions are one of the factors for blood clotting, the present alginic acid coating is one of the candidates to improve blood compatibility of clinical materials.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990Preparation of ZnO Films by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method2335ENYoshinariMiuraJunTakadaAkiyoshiOsakaToshioKawamura10.18926/15486Zinc oxide films were prepared on silica glass substrates by the use of an r.f. activated reactive evaporation (ARE) method, and were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). XRD measurements indicate that the films were c-axis oriented and that an r.f. plasma of Zn and O was necessary for the ZnO film deposition. Substrate temperature, oxygen gas pressure, evaporation rate, r.f. power and inlet position of oxygen gas effect the c-axis orientation, the growth rate and the microstructure of the films. Optimum conditions for a dense film with a fine texture of the surface and having good crystallinity were as follows: the substrate temperature;400, the evaporation rate;5.0(A)/s, the oxygen pressure;2.0x10(-4) Torr, the r.f. power;150 to 200W, and the oxygen gas inlet near the substrate. For the film prepared under the optimum conditions, the standard deviation@Ё@of the rocking curve for the (002) diffraction was 1.9deg, smaller than that of the film prepared by using an r.f. sputtering method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Preparation of Mullite Dispersed Silica Ceramics through Sol-Gel Processing6167ENAkiyoshiOsakaTokuroNanbaJunTakadaYoshinariMiura10.18926/15473Mullite-dispersed silica ceramics were prepared through sol-gel processing by the use of tetraethoxy silane, aluminium nitrate and aluminium isopropoxide as the Si and Al sources where HCl and HN0(3) were the catalyst. Effect of the starting materials, solvents and catalysts was examined on the gelation time or temperature of mullite precipitation. Apparent activation energy of gelation ranged from 80 to 95kJ/mol. The presence of AI in the sols elongated the gelling time suggesting the formation of chelate bonds between AI and Si-OR or Si-OH bonds.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Preparation and Characterization of Ti(2)O(3) Films Deposited on Sapphire Substrate by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method6975ENTatsuoFujiiTokuroNanbaAkiyoshiOsakaYoshinariMiuraJunTakada10.18926/15436(001)-oriented Ti(2)O(3) films were epitaxially grown on a(001)-face of sapphire single-crystalline substrate by an activated reactive evaporation method. The formation ranges of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were determined as a function of the substrate temperature (Ts), the oxygen pressure (Po(2)) and the deposition rate. Stoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were grown at Ts673K under Po(2)1.0~10(-4)Torr, which showed the metal-insulator transition with a sharp change in electrical resistivity from 3.5~10(-2) to 2.6~10(-3)cm at 361K. Nonstoichiometric films prepared under less oxidized conditions did not exhibit the transition. The nonstoichiometry of the Ti(2)O(3)films was discussed in terms of excess Ti ions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Predictor Order and Error Distribution of MMAE Predictors for Lossless Image Coding9398ENHirokazuUenoYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/17847This paper investigates the relation between error distribution and predictive order of minimum mean abusolute error predictors (MMAE predictors) designed for lossless coding of grayscale images. Design of MMAE predictors reduces to the linear programming problem. Let k be the number of coefficients in a predictor (predictor order), we imagine that predictor order k may have a distribution shaping effect. Main purpose of this paper is to ensure that k has such an effect.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991Prediction of Transient and Steady Turbulent Free Subsonic Air Jets3954ENEijiTomitaYoshisukeHamamoto10.18926/15510Velocity distributions and related parameters of@transient and steady, turbulent air jets issuing under atmospheric conditions at Mach 0.14, 0.33 and 0.5 have been predicted using Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations for compressible flow and incompressible flow independently with the k- model. The closeness and consistence of the results predicted by the N-S equations for compressible and incompressible flows as well as with relevant measurement or similar prediction show that the incompressible flow assumption for at least some subsonic gas jets issuing at velocities higher than Mach 0.3, the general limit for incompressible fluid flow, can be reasonably accurate particularly in the main fully developed flow region. This suggests that the divergence term in source terms of the momentum, turbulence energy and its dissipation rate equations have negligible effects for some seemingly compressible high speed, subsonic free gas jets. The computation time is reduced by at least 18 % when incompressible flow assumption is used.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713111996Precipitation Hardening and Effect of Surface Layer on the Fatigue Strength of an Al-1.2mass% Si Alloy13ENAkiraSakakibaraKeiyuNakagawaNorioHosokawaTerutoKanadani10.18926/19619Dependence of precipitation hardening on the distance from specimen surface and effect of the surface layer on the fatigue strength of an Al-1.2mass% Si alloy were studied by microhardness test, transmission electron microscopy and repeated tension fatigue test. Rate of age-hardening was slower in the vicinity of surface than in the interior of the specimen aged at 423K after quenching from 853K. The result of the electron microscopy was that the size ot Si precipitates formed in the vicinity of surface was smaller than in the interior of specimen aged for 6ks at 423K. This difference was considered to be caused by the effect of the surface as vacancy sinks which slowed down the growh of Si precipitates in the vicinity of the specimen surface. A specimen surface layer whose hardness was different from that of the specimen interior was formed at the vicinity of the surface when the specimen was aged at relatively low temperature such as 423K. The fatigue strength in repeated tensile test ot the specimen did not depend on whether the specimen surface layer was present or not.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Positioning Control of One Link Arm with ParametricUncertainty using Quantitative Feedback Theory3948ENTakayukiKuwashimaJunImaiMasamiKonishi10.18926/17837This paper presents method of the controller design for one link arm with parametric uncertainty. Recently, many manufacturing robots are operated in manufacturing facilities, with the aim of labor and cost saving or improvement of the productivity. Such robots need to have positioning performance of high precision. In condition that there is an uncertainty in plant dynamics, desired control performance may not be attained because the
controller is designed according to the mathematical model of a plant. So it is important that the designed control system have a robust control performance. In this paper, the robust controller is designed using Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) for one link arm with parametric uncertainty. Simulation experiments are run for control system designed by using QFT and conventional method. The results are compared with each other and it is found that the control system designed by QFT shows a robust performance and can suppress the unevenness of output against parametric uncertainty.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Position Control of 2-Link SCARA Robot by using InternalModel Control4954ENShinyaAkamatsuMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/17839In this paper, the controlled target is the SCARA robot with two links, and the object is fine control of the arm head position of the robot. To attain the object, Internal Model Control (IMC) is introduced. A nonlinear equations are for robot dynamics formulated by solving Lagrange equation, and is linearized to design control system by IMC. The controller of IMC is designed or synthesisted as the inverse system of the linearized model, and IMC filter model is selected. Also, reference filter is introduced to make the improvement of performance. The result of control performance by IMC is compared with that of PID numerically, accuracy and incoherency are confirmed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712311988Plasma Oscillation in Semiconductor Superlattice Structure6982ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/15468The statistical properties of two-dimensional systems of charges in semiconductor superlattices are analyzed and the dispersion relation of the plasma oscillation is calculated. The possibility to excite these oscillations by applying the electric field parallel to the structure is discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713121997Plant Layout Method Considering Material Handling Cost and Maintainability5360ENHirokazuOsaki10.18926/19599This paper presents a method using simulated annealing(SA) and genetic algorithm(GA) to solve the plant layout problem in which the layout is evaluated by material handling cost and maintainability. In the former study about facility layout problem, it was either the minimization of the objeective function consisting of transport cost or the maximization of the objective function consisting of closeness rating. In this paper, both transport cost and maintainability were included in the objective function to be minimized. The plant layout problem, this paper proposes the heuristic procedures to obtain a suboptimal layout solution by combining SA with GA. From the simulation by computer, it concluded that the method which SA is combined with GA is more efficient than the method which utilizes SA and GA independently.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712421990Parallel Skyline Method using Two Dimensional Array99112ENTakeoTaniguchi10.18926/15507This paper presents an effective solver for a large sparse set of linear algebraic equations, which appears at the application of the finite element and the finite difference methods in engineering field. Proposed method is a family of SKYLINE METHOD, and for faster computation on the vector processors the original skyline is modified with respect to following three items; the use of inner products of matrix operations, the removal of unnecessary numerical operations and the introduction of two-dimensional array for storing the data of coefficient matrix.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115472013Overviews of Optimization Techniques for Geometric Estimation118ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/49320We summarize techniques for optimal geometric estimation from noisy observations for computer
vision applications. We first discuss the interpretation of optimality and point out that geometric
estimation is different from the standard statistical estimation. We also describe our noise
modeling and a theoretical accuracy limit called the KCR lower bound. Then, we formulate estimation
techniques based on minimization of a given cost function: least squares (LS), maximum
likelihood (ML), which includes reprojection error minimization as a special case, and Sampson
error minimization. We describe bundle adjustment and the FNS scheme for numerically solving
them and the hyperaccurate correction that improves the accuracy of ML. Next, we formulate
estimation techniques not based on minimization of any cost function: iterative reweight, renormalization,
and hyper-renormalization. Finally, we show numerical examples to demonstrate that
hyper-renormalization has higher accuracy than ML, which has widely been regarded as the most
accurate method of all. We conclude that hyper-renormalization is robust to noise and currently is
the best method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Overview of 3-D Reconstruction from Images6477ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/14124This article summarizes recent advancements of the theories and techniques for 3-D reconstruction
from multiple images. We start with the description of the camera imaging geometry as
perspective projection in terms of homogeneous coordinates and the definition of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera. Next, we described the epipolar geometry for two, three, and four cameras, introducing such concepts as the fundamental matrix, epipolars, epipoles, the trifocal tensor, and the quadrifocal tensor. Then, we present the self-calibration technique based on the stratified reconstruction approach, using the absolute dual quadric constraint. Finally, we give the definition of the affine camera model and a procedure for 3-D reconstruction based on it.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115452011Ordinary Pairing Friendly Curve of Embedding Degree 1 Whose Order Has Two Large Prime Factors4653ENYasuyukiNogamiErikaYanagiTetsuyaIzutaYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/44499Recently, composite order pairing–based cryptographies have received much attention. The composite order needs to be as large as the RSA modulus. Thus, they require a certain pairing–friendly elliptic curve that has such a large composite order. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for generating an ordinary pairing–friendly elliptic curve of the embedding degree 1 whose order has two large prime factors as the RSA modulus. In addition, the generated pairing–friendly curve has an efficient structure for the Gallant–Lambert–Vanstone (GLV) method.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Ordinary Pairing Friendly Curve of Embedding Degree 3 Whose Order Has Two Large Prime Factors6068ENYasuyukiNogamiYoshitakaMorikawa10.18926/19960This paper proposes a method for generating a certain composite order ordinary pairing–friendly elliptic curve of embedding degree 3. In detail, the order has two large prime factors such as the modulus of RSA cryptography. The method is based on the property that the order of the target pairing–friendly curve is given by a polynomial as r(X) of degree 2 with respect to the integer variable X. When the bit size of the prime factors is about 500 bits, the proposed method averagely takes about 15 minutes on Core 2 Quad (2.66Hz) for generating one.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Optimization without Search: Constraint Satisfaction by Orthogonal Projection with Applications to Multiview Triangulation3241ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/19957We present an alternative approach to what we call the gstandard optimizationh, which minimizes a cost function by searching a parameter space. Instead, the input is gorthogonally projectedh in the joint input space onto the manifold defined by the gconsistency constrainth, which demands that any minimal subset of observations produce the same result. This approach avoids many difficulties encountered in the standard optimization. As typical examples, we apply it to line
fitting and multiview triangulation. The latter produces a new algorithm far more efficient than existing methods. We also discuss optimality of our approach.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Optimization of Inventories for Multiple Companies by Fuzzy Control Method7178ENKoichiKawaseMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/14063In this research, Fuzzy control theory is applied to the inventory control of the supply chain between multiple companies. The proposed control method deals with the amount
of inventories expressing supply chain between multiple companies. Referring past demand and tardiness, inventory amounts of raw materials are determined by Fuzzy inference. The method that an appropriate inventory control becomes possible optimizing fuzzy control gain by using SA method for Fuzzy control. The variation of uncertain demand is given to the proposal method. Furthermore, the method of forecasting demand and the effectiveness of fuzzy control method are confirmed by numerical experiments. As the results, the proposal method suppressed increase in an unnecessary cost when demand varies.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713912005Optimality of Maximum Likelihood Estimation for GeometricFitting and the KCR Lower Bound6370ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/14155Geometric fitting is one of the most fundamental problems of computer vision. In [8], the author derived a theoretical accuracy bound (KCR lower bound) for geometric fitting in general and proved that maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is statistically optimal. Recently, Chernov and Lesort [3] proved a similar result, using a weaker assumption. In this paper, we compare their formulation with the authorfs and describe the background of the problem. We also review recent topics including semiparametric models and discuss remaining issues.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712511990Optimal Pricing and Planning of Urban Expressway System7187EN10.18926/15494A transportation planning way of approach is applied to optimal pricing and planning of urban expressway network. Two kinds of network are investigated ; four radials with one ring system and four radials with two rings system. The model is composed of three submodels ; road systell, trip generation-attraction and traffic diversion. Some iaplicative aspects are shown of the optimal solutions that maximize the aggregate number of the trips diverted to expressway under constraints ; equilibrium of revenue and expenditure and traffic capacity constraint. (1) traffic flow has the peaks at junctions on radial expressway that are adjusted to be equal to the traffic capacity. (2) two rings system realizes the larger aggregate number of diverted trips by lower toll rate than one ring system does. (3) well-located second ring has a remarkable effect on improvement in accessibility to expressway and (4) some parameters in the model have curious effects on the optimal system.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115452011Optimal Digital Control Systems Design for Handling Machines using dsPIC114ENTatsuroAkiyoshiJunImaiMasamiKonishi10.18926/44495This paper presents a method of the controller design for the handling machine by using dsPIC(Digital Signal Processor + Peripheral Interface Controller). Recently, many manufacturing robots are operated in manufacturing facilities, with the aim of labor, cost saving,
and improvement of the productivity. Such robots need to have positioning performance of high precision and simultaneously to save cost. In this paper, a digital optimal servo controller is designed, and it is implemented into our barebones controller which involves dsPIC. We have designed and manufactured the controller which is added suitable peripherals to improve the consistency between the mechanical machine operating in continuous time and controller in discrete time. The significance of this research is that digital implementation of the embedded system which has performance-limitation has ensured a comparable result, against the one with PC which has broad utility. When it is used as a controller, it is possible to restrain product prices greatly equivalent PC precision. We demonstrate potential that good control can be achieved even with low cost. Our research has lead to the viability
of lower cost and higher performance system for the production process at factories.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115462012Optimal Computation of 3-D Similarity: Gauss-Newton vs.Gauss-Helmert2133ENKenichiKanataniHirotakaNiitsuma10.18926/48127Because 3-D data are acquired using 3-D sensing such as stereo vision and laser range finders, they have inhomogeneous and anisotropic noise. This paper studies optimal computation of the similarity (rotation, translation, and scale change) of such 3-D data. We first point out that the Gauss-Newton and the Gauss-Helmert methods, regarded as different techniques, have similar structures. We then combine them to define what we call the modified Gauss-Helmert method and do stereo vision simulation to show that it is superior to either of the two in convergence performance. Finally, we show an application to real GPS geodetic data and point out that the widely used homogeneous and isotropic noise model is insufficient and that GPS geodetic data are prone to numerical problems.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115462012Optimal Computation of 3-D Similarity from Space Data with Inhomogeneous Noise Distributions19ENKenichiKanataniHirotakaNiitsuma10.18926/48125We optimally estimate the similarity (rotation, translation, and scale change) between two sets of 3-D data in the presence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic noise. Adopting the Lie algebra representation of the 3-D rotational change, we derive the Levenberg-Marquardt procedure for simultaneously optimizing the rotation, the translation, and the scale change. We test the performance of our method using simulated stereo data and real GPS geodetic sensing data. We conclude that the conventional method assuming homogeneous and isotropic noise is insufficient and that our simultaneous optimization scheme can produce an accurate solution.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115452011Optimal Computation of 3-D Rotation under Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Noise3645ENKenichiKanataniHirotakaNiitsuma10.18926/44498We present a new method for optimally computing the 3-D rotation from two sets of 3-D data.
Unlike 2-D data, the noise in 3-D data is inherently inhomogeneous and anisotropic, reflecting the characteristics of the 3-D sensing used. To cope with this, Ohta and Kanatani introduced a technique called grenormalizationh. Following them, we represent a 3-D rotation in terms of a quaternion and compute an exact maximum likelihood solution using the FNS of Chojnacki et
al. As an example, we consider 3-D data obtained by stereo vision and optimally compute the 3-D rotation by analyzing the noise characteristics of stereo reconstruction. We show that the widely used method is not suitable for 3-D data. We confirm that the renormalization of Ohta and
Kanatani indeed computes almost an optimal solution and that, although the difference is small, the proposed method can compute an even better solution.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071221988One-Electron State of a Partially Ionized High-Z Ion1534ENYoichiroFurutaniHirooTotsuji10.18926/15449An effective potential of an isolated partially ionized high-Z ion, calculated within the framework of the statistical models of atoms, is injected into the one-electron Schrödinger equation, in view of evaluating the electron density and comparing it with the results of statistical models. Starting from this initial value, a self-consistent electron density is obtained on the basis of the density functional theory, where quantum natures of electrons are fully taken into account.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712921995One-Dimensional Classical Plasmas in Ion Traps, Ion Storage Rings, and Semiconductor Quantum Wires5765ENHirooTotsuji10.18926/15422As plasmas with extremely reduced dimensionality, properties of one-dimensional classical plasmas are analyzed in the domain of strong coupling and static and dynamic structure factors and the plasmon dispersion relation are obtained. These plasmas may be realized in Penning traps with sufficiently strong confinement and also in semiconductor quantum wires under appropriate conditions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712321989On Robust Incomplete Choleski-Conjugate Gradient Method And Its Modification4555ENTakeoTaniguchiKohjiFujiwara10.18926/15478This paper includes a solver for a large sparse set of linear algebraic equations which are obtained by the application of the finite element method to static structural problems. Proposed method is a modification of Robust Incomplete Choleski-Conjugate Gradient Method, which belongs to Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Method suitable for supercomputers. Through a number of numerical experiments the authors show that Robust Incomplete Choleski-Conjugate Gradient Method sometimes fails in to obtain the solutions, secondly they clarify the reason of the failures from the theoretical viewpoint, and finally they propose a modification of the robust method by the introduction of the theoretical result. Proposed method is as effective as the original, and it can overcome the demerit of Robust Method which is clarified through numerical experiments.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Observation of Orientation Change During Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Copper by EBSD Method16ENRyoujiKondouTakejiAbeNaoyaTadaIchiroShimizu10.18926/46995Change in crystal orientation and strain of individual grains during tensile plastic deformation are studied to clarify on the microscopic deformation behavior of polycrystalline copper. The orientation of grain is measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique in the scanning electron microscope. The principal strain of grain is also measured by obtaining the approximated ellipse of strain distribution. The deformation of grains dependent on their initial orientation and the rotation of the principal strain during uniaxial tension are clarified.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003Observation of Microscopic Deformation Behavior of Cork512ENTakejiAbeTakashiSato10.18926/46976Cork is a material that has many characteristics, for instance, light weight, elasticity, insulation against heat, impermeability for liquid, and so forth. There are two types of cork, the natural and the agglomerated corks. In the present paper, compression tests of the natural and the agglomerated cork specimens were carried out. The compression test were done in various directions. Compressive stress was measured by a original compression apparatus, and stress-strain curves were obtained in various directions of the cork specimens. In the natural cork, there are differences between the radial and the non-radial direction. The recovery of dimensions after compression was also studied in respective directions. The structure of the deformed surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999O(N) Tight-Binding Algorithm for Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations7177ENKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsujiChiekoTotsuji10.18926/19674A parallel tight-binding molecular dynamics with an order-N [O(N))] algorithm is implemented to perform large-scale simulation of nanostructured materials. The algorithm is based on the Fermi-operator expansion of an electronic energy and force, and we present its basic formalisms. Accuracy necessary for molecular-dynamics simulations can be obtained by a proper truncation in the expansion. Parallel efficiency on a parallel PC cluster shows nearly ideal scaling behavior with respect to the number of processors. Applicability of the method to a silicon-carbide system is examined.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712921995Numerical Study on Transient Heat Characteristics of a Rectangular Latent Heat Storage Vessel512ENHideoInabaKoichiOzaki10.18926/15409Transient characteristics of the rectangular latent heat storage vessel packed with shape-stabilized phase change (solid-liquid) material (PCM) are investigated numerically
by solving the governing equations of both the PCM and the heat transfer medium(water) simultaneously as a conjugate problem with the finite difference technique. It's found that the heat storage characteristics are greatly affected by the flow direction of the heat transfer medium since the natural and forced convection coexists in the heat storage vessel. That is, it is classified that the effectively thermal efficiency of the latent heat storage system is obtained by the downflow along vertical PCM for heat storage process and the upflow for heat release process. The effect of the inlet velocity of heat transfer medium(water) on transient heat characteristics of the latent heat storage system is also revealed in the present study.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002Numerical Study on Deformation Behavior of Rigid-Plastic Inhomogeneous Material Using Three-Dimensional Models713ENTakejiAbeMakotoNagaoTomoyukiOhtaNoriyukiNagayama10.18926/47022It is important to study the microscopic deformation behavior of inhomogeneous material, for most engineering materials are inhomogeneous. The aim of the present study is to clarify by numerical analysis some features of microscopic plastic strain distributions, the mean flow stress and the material factors affecting on it. The rigid-plastic solution is important not only for plastic deformation problems with large strain, but also for creep deformation problems through the plastic analogy in the creep analysis. The effects of material parameter and loading conditions on the deformation behavior of the material are examined and discussed based on the result of calculation. The effects of the aspect ratio of the inhomogeneous regions on the deformation mode are studied. The patterns of the strain concentration and the averaged flow stress of the inhomogeneous material are also discussed. The results of rigid-plastic material are compared with those of the elastic material.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Numerical Simulations of Two-dimensional Electron Fluid : An Application of Classical-map Hypernetted-chain Method4852ENChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/14059Based on the mapping introduced by the classical-map hypernetted-chain (CHNC) method, classical
numerical simulations, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics, have been applied to the twodimensional
electron fluid and the results are compared with those of quantum Monte Carlo simulations
hitherto reported. It is shown that polarization properties of the ground state obtained by the diffusion Monte Carlo method are reproduced within the accuracy of quantum simulations by both of two mapping functions for the quantum temperature which have been proposed within the
CHNC method. These results may serve as the basis of numerical simulations based on the CHNC method which are applicable to finite non-periodic systems like quantum dots and systems at finite temperatures.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712811993Numerical Simulation of Rock Toughness Testing129138ENTakeoTaniguchiSohichiHirose10.18926/15447The testing method of rock toughness is proposed by the international society of rock mechanics (ISRM), but the results may be influenced by the test pieces, and the details of the crack propagation and the stress intensity factors are not clarified through the testing. Also the experimental test requires tedious works for the preparation of test specimen and economical responsibility. The present study aims to simulate numerically the rock toughness testing which is proposed by ISRM. For this purpose, the authors propose a numerical method which can simulate the experimental testing, and they show the propriety of the proposed method by comparing the results with the experimental and other numerical methods. At the same time, they clarify the details of crack propagation behaviors in rocks, and show the change of the stress intensity factors. The proposed method is based on the displacement-type finite element method, and several techniques are introduced to obtain accurate solution of the mechanical behavior near the crack-tip area.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712821994Numerical Simulation of Quantum Systems -Dynamics of Electrons in Microstructures-4552ENHirooTotsujiSeijiHashimotoShigetoshiNara10.18926/15460Difficulties in simulating systems composed of classical and quantum particles lie in the treatment of the many-body interactions between quantum particles and the geometrical variety of configurations of classical particles. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have developed some numerical methods and applied them to simple cases. As for stationary states, the finite element method provides us with sufficient geometrical freedom.
Combined with the Kohn-Sham equation based on the density
functional theory, this method virtually satisfies our requirement. In order to investigate time-dependent phenomena, we apply the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation. Adopting the finite difference method, we are able to follow the development of quantum many-body system. As an example, we estimate the effects of the potential height, the electric field, and many-body interactions in some transition processes in quantum wells coupled by a tunneling barrier. This example is important in itself in relation to semiconductor superlattices and also serves as a benchmark for quantum simulations, variety of geometry
corresponding to that of classical particles.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Numerical Simulation of Multicrack Propagation Behaviour in Steel Structure135152ENTakeoTaniguhiTsuyoshiSuetsugu10.18926/15487This paper describes the numerical simulation method of the multi-crack propagation behaviour which appear in a part of civil engineering structures with complex geometrical configuration like steel bridges. Proposed method can treat the interaction of several cracks which locate in a short distance each other, and the process of their growth can be grasped. The method is based on the finite element method, and the linear fracture mechanics is assumed. Proposed method includes following tools for the simulation of the crack propagation behaviour: Automatic Mesh Generators for 3-D, 2-D structural analysis, and 2-D crack propagation analysis, Multi-level Structural Analysis Technique, Estimation Method of the crack growth and the angle of cracks and the modelling method of traffic loadings. The validity of the method is investigated by comparing the result to the experimental one.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Waves in a Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal: Negative Refraction712ENKenjiTsuruta10.18926/19954The lens effect of acoustic waves in a two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystal is studied by numerical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
We calculate the phonon band structure of 2D phononic crystals, consisting of metal cylinders placed periodically in water. Lens effect is observed by the negative refraction of acoustic waves, which results in refocusing of the waves at the point outside the crystal. To increase the focal intensity, we introduce a 2D phononic crystal shield with a different composition of material, which returns the incident waves back to the lens via the perfect reflection. Also, the dependence on filling fraction of metal in the crystal is studied.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991Numerical Calculation of a Transient Methane Gas Jet Discharging into Quiescent Atmosphere at Mach One2538ENEijiTomiaYoshisukeHamamoto10.18926/15508A suddenly started cold methane gas jet issuing from a 1 mm diameter orifice into still air at Mach one has been predicted using the two-equation, high Reynolds number version of k- turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm which employs so called primitive variables and a hybrid scheme for treating combined diffusion and convection. Global trends of predicted radial distributions of velocity, temperature, methane concentration in the steady rear part of the transient jet and axial jet tip penetration compare reasonably well with universal profiles representing measurement for the steady jet particularly in the fully developed turbulent core and semi-empirical relation for the transient jet respectively. The prediction scheme has shown reasonably good accuracy especially in prediction of main flow parameters of a transient, high speed compressible gas jet issuing into a dissimilar surrounding gas(binary gas mixture jet).No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071321-21998Numerical Analysis of a Model for Isolated Hydrogen Bond4354ENChiekoTotsuji10.18926/19637Large isotope effects have been observed in various kinds of hydrogen bonded ferro / antiferroelectrics. In clariflying their origin, themodynamic properties of the hydrogen bond are of essential importance. Two numerical methods are applied to analyze the model for isolated hydrogen bond at finite temperatures and the results of excited energy levels of proton or deuteron are examined. It is found that the second excited state is not far enough from the first excited state to be neglected discussing themodynamic properties of hydrogen especially in their ordered states.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712811993Numerical Analysis of Salt Intrusion into Aquifer by Eulerian Lagrangian Finite Element Method7185ENMakotoNishigakiIichiroKohno10.18926/15440In this paper, method of Eulerian Lagrangian numerical analysis is used to described Advection-Dispersion phenomena. The influence of concentration to the density of fluid is considered. A laboratory model of a two dimensional confined aquifer containing an isotropic, homogeneous porous medium (Hosokawa et.al 1989) was used to validate the applicability of Advection-Dispersion of numerical analysis with steady and unsteady state condition [1].No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712821994Note on the Piezoelectric Constant of PbZrO(3)-PbTiO(3)(PZT)5358ENChiekoTotsuji10.18926/15461One of the best known solid solution of perovskites is the PbTiO(3)-PbZrO(3) system which is usually abbreviated as PZT. In the phase diagram of this system, there is a drastic phase change from tetragonal to rhombohedral at the molar ratio around 50:50. The PZT crystals are widely used as a practical piezoelectric material because of its very strong piezoelectric effect near this morphotropic phase boundary. We try to explain this anomaly in piezoelectric constant by a phenomenological theory.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712911994Note on the Electronic Structure of C(60) Molecule1522ENChiekoTotsujiTakeoMatsubaraMasumiObuchi10.18926/20012A molecular orbital approach to the electronic structure of C(60) molecule is formulated on the basis of optimized bond orbital model and the stability of the truncated icosahedron structure is examined.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Nonorthogonal Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics for Si(1-x)Ge(x) Alloys6375ENChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/15358We present a theoretical study of Si(1-x)Ge(x) alloys based on tight-binding molecular dynamics (TBMD) calculations. First, we introduce a new set of nonorthogonal tight-binding parameters for silicon and germanium based on the previous work by Menon and Subbaswamy [Phys. Rev. B 55, 9231 (1997); J. Phys: Condens. Matter 10, 10991 (1998)]. We then apply the method to structural analyses of Si(1-x)Ge(x) alloys. The equilibrium volume and atomic structure for a given x are obtained by the TBMD method. We also calculate the bulk modulus B, elastic constants C(11), C(12) and C(44) as a function of x. The results show that the moduli vary monotonically, but nonlinearly, between the values of Si crystal and Ge crystal. The validity of the results is also discussed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991Nested Dissection Method on Transputer115122ENTakeoTaniguchi10.18926/15516Nested dissection method is an elimination method for a set of linear algebraic equations with minimum fillins. Physically it divides a domain into four subdomains, and each subdomain is again divided into four. This procedure is repeated till all nodes are included in some subdomains. Using this characteristic, the authors examine the efficiency of the method on the transputer.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713021996Nature of Brittle Fracture in Aged Ti-Mo Alloy17ENYoshitoTakemotoMoritakaHidaAkiraSakakibara10.18926/15397The mechanism of brittle fracture in Ti-14mass % Mo alloy aged for 1x10(6)s at 623K was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic hardness test (DHT) on the structure deformed by means of tensile elongation at elevated temperature or cold rolling. Many band products
were observed by TEM in either deformed specimens. These band products were identified to neither slips nor twinning bands, moreover, they were different from , ' and " phases. The band product consisted of phase and granular unknown phase which was transformed by deformation
from phase. The newly discovered phase, named " phase, in the band products had a body-centered triclinic structure. The " was similar to the zone with respect to the morphology and the concentration of Mo, but it resembled in structure. The result of DHT on the band products and the matrix showed that the band products were softer than the matrix. It is suggested that the band
products are easily deformed because of the disappearance of obstacles such as phase, and consequently behave like paths to lead cracks preferentially.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Multicomponent Plasmas in Penning-Malmberg Traps6169ENHirooTotsujiKenjiTsurutaChiekoTotsuji10.18926/19673The behavior of multicomponent plasmas in the Penning-Malmberg traps is discussed with the parameters corresponding to experiments with antiprotons and cryogenic electrons. The relaxation times for the energy transfer antiprotons to electrons and between parallel and perpendicular components of electrons are estimated. It is shown that, depending on the values of parameters, both the former and the latter can be the bottleneck in the cooling process.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712421990Movement of Sand around Revetment under Water Pressure Variation6778ENHiroshiNagoShiroMaeno10.18926/15501Many hydraulic structures are damaged by under flood flow and storm waves year after year. Many cases of dike and breakwater failure are caused by the suck out of sand from behind the revetment. This type of failure will be in close relation to the dynamic behavior of sand bed around the revetment. In this paper, from this point of view, we investigated the basic characteristics of such sand movement by small model tests and tried to explain the hydro- and soil-mechanical mechanism of this phenomenon theoretically.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003Motivation towards learning a second language (A Case Study-Part2. Denmark)6166ENChicoVaillancourt10.18926/46980In this case study, I will analyse and discuss the results of a survey concerning motivation towards learning a second language conducted in one Danish high school. The students surveyed were between the ages of 13-18. This section, part two of the study, was conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. This region of the world was chosen because bilingualism is quite common there and a large portion of the school-aged community is learning a second language and often a third and even a fourth. Denmark, a European country, is different than Canada (Case Study-Part 1.) because it neighbours many countries, which use different mother tongues.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713622002Motivation towards learning a second language (A Case Study-Part 1. Canada)4349ENChicoVaillancourt10.18926/47024In this case study, I will analyse and discuss the results of a survey concerning motivation towards learning a second language conducted in four Canadian schools. This section, part one of the study, was conducted in the Sudbury Region of Ontario, Canada. This region of the world was chosen because bilingualism is quite common there and a large portion of the community has learned a second language. Part two will be conducted in the winter of 2002, in Denmark, a European country that neighbours many countries with different mother tongues, I hope to conclude this case study with part three in the summer of 2002, in Japan, a monolingual island nation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712611991Molecular Dynamics ofa Coulomb System with Deformable Periodic Boundary Conditions5159ENHirooTotsujiShigetoshiNara10.18926/15418Variable shape molecular dynamics is formulated for the one-component plasma and the structural transition from the fcc lattice to the bcc lattice has been observed. It is emphasized that the condition of constant volume should be imposed when deformations of periodic boundary conditions are taken into account.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Molecular Dynamics of Yukawa System using the Fast Multipole Method7795ENChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/15361In order to perform the large-scale molecular dynamics simulation of the Yukawa system, a mathematical expression for molecular dynamics using the fast multipole method is described. The model simulations are also performed to test
the performance of our implementation of the FMM.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Molecular Dynamics of Yukawa System (Dust Plasma) with Deformable Periodic Boundary Conditions: Formulation7587ENHirooTotsujiYoshihikoInoueTokunariKishimotoChiekoTotsujiShigetoshiNara10.18926/15381Molecular dynamics of the Yukawa system, the system of particles interacting via the Yukawa or the screened Coulomb potential, are formulated for various statistical ensembles and external conditions. The Yukawa potential smoothly interpolates the long-range Coulomb and the short-range interactions by adjusting a single parameter, the
screening length. In order to reduce the effect of boundaries, the periodic boundary conditions are imposed and the deformations of the fundamental vectors of periodicity are taken into account. Ewald-type expressions for interaction energy, force, and kinematic pressure are
given explicitly.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Modeling uncertainty for unknown modal parameters in large flexible structures2939ENJunImaiKiyoshiWada10.18926/46998A procedure for control-oriented modeling is proposed for large flexible structures with unknown modal parameters. Techniques on quantification of errors in modal truncated nominal models are developed for the case where a finite number of upper and lower bounds of the unknown modal parameters are given. A feasible set of systems matching the conditions is introduced, and then error bounds covering the feasible set are established in the frequency domain. The bounds are easily checked using linear programming for any user-specified frequency. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is illustrated by numerical study on an ideal flexible beam example.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Model Selection for Geometric Fitting: Geometric Ale and Geometric MDL5977ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/47001Contrasting "geometric fitting", for which the noise level is taken as the asymptotic variable, with "statistical inference", for which the number of observations is taken as the asymptotic variable, we give a new definition of the "geometric AIC" and the "geometric MDL" as the counterparts of Akaike's AIC and Rissanen's MDL. We discuss various theoretical and practical problems that emerge from our analysis. Finally, we show, doing experiments using synthetic and real images, that the geometric MDL does not necessarily outperform the geometric AIC and that the two criteria have very different characteristics.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071221988Mode Choice In Interregional Occupational Person Trips6370EN10.18926/15454The paper is a case study mode choice in interregional occupational person trips. Disagregate behavioral model of logit type is applied to the occupational person trips from Tsuyama area in Okayama Prefecture to Osaka area. The model turned out to give asignificant explanation of the interregional mode choice characteristics. Travel time, travelling expenses and " with or wi thout heavy baggage " were found to be significant.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713121997Microstructure of Oxide Layers Formed on Magnesium Surface at Elevated Temperature110ENYoshitoTakemotoMoritakaHida10.18926/19588The microstructure of oxidizing magnesium at elevated temperatures has been studied using HR-TEM, SEM and EDS. Two kinds of thin magnesium specimen for TEM observation were prepared. One was oxidized after preparing TEM foil of magnesium, the other was prepared from an oxidized bulk magnesium for observing the cross-section of oxide/Mg interfacial region. In the former, several oxides(MgO) morphologies were observed depending on the temperature and time of the oxidization. The growth of needle-like oxides formed at 573K and mottled oxides formed at 773K were recognized as a remarkable phenomenon belonging to the local oxidization. These oxides were composed of poly-crystal. The thin uniform oxidization layer was also observed in all conditions. In the cross-sectional observation, the local oxide layer, nearly 300nm in thickness, on the matrix(Mg) were observed. The thin uniform oxidized layer of bulk samples was identified as a kind of modified layer (~40nm in thickness) in which the formation of HR-TEM lattice fringes were prevented by the strain due to the slight oxidization.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713912005Microscopic Surface Change of Polycrystalline Aluminum duringTensile Plastic Deformation715ENXiaoqunWangTakejiAbeNaoyaTadaIchiroShimizu10.18926/14135Roughening on free surface of polycrystalline metal during plastic deformation is closely related to the
inhomogeneous deformation in the respective grain at the surface. Uniaxial tensile tests are carried out on
annealed pure aluminum sheet specimens with various averaged grain sizes. The roughening is measured by
a 3-dimensional stylus instrument to examine the roughness change in both sides of specimen surfaces at each strain. The irregularities on one side are reversed on the backside, when the averaged grain size is as large as the thickness of the specimen. Discussions are made on the relation between the surface shapes of both sides adopting the cross correlation factor. The strains of respective grains are also measured from the grain boundary shape before and after plastic deformation. There are some deviations in the strains of the grains and their standard deviation increases with the applied strain.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Microscopic Observation of Tensile Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Titanium with Scanning Probe Microscope716ENYanLiTakejiAbeNaoyaTadaMasanoriKanazawa10.18926/46996The change in the surface morphology of polycrystalline titanium during tensile plastic deformation is studied, using the scanning probe microscope as well as the laser scanning microscope. The observation shows that the slip occurs mainly near grain boundary at the strain range of < 0.05. The slip develops with the applied strain, and the slip on the second slip system or the crossing of slip lines appear. The surface roughness increases linearly with the applied strain. The height difference between the
grain boundary area and the inner grain area also increases with the applied strain, though the increase rate becomes low after the applied strain of about 0.3. The nano-scale height difference of the surface step of slip lines increases with the applied strain, though it remains almost constant after the applied strain of 0.4. The averaged surface roughness measured with the scanning probe microscope is in good agreement with that measured with the laser scanning microscope.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Microscopic Observation of Plastic Deformation of Polycrystalline Aluminum by Laser Scanning Microscope18ENTakejiAbeIchiroShimizu10.18926/15344Free surface of polycrystalline metal becomes roughened after plastic deformation. The surface roughening is closely related to the inhomogeneity of polycrystalline metals, that is, to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of respective grains. In the present study, inhomogeneous deformation on the free surface of polycrystalline aluminum specimen during uniaxial tension is studied. The inhomogeneous deformation of grains in the central area of the free surface of specimen is observed by the laser scanning microscope, while the inhomogeneous deformation perpendicular to the surface is studied by the laser scanning microscope as well as the stylus measuring instrument. It is shown that the surface roughness and the strain of respective grains increase with the applied strain. Discussions are made on the change in the surface roughness, the strain in each grain and the slip-line angles with the applied strain.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Methods for Tele-Operation of Mobile Type Maintenance Robot155161ENYoshiomiMunesawaYasuhiroKajiharaHirokazuOsaki10.18926/15368This paper proposes a concept of a mobile type maintenance robot (MMR in shortly) that is controlled by the tele-operation for assuring the safety and health improvement of work forces. The main components of this system are the industrial robot, an image processing unit, vehicle and computers for tele-operation. Our focus is paid on a method that determine a pathway to move every places where troubles would occur. This method makes it possible that the MMR could arrive any place in the factory with three times of turns at most. Additionally, turning radius of the vehicle is considered for correcting the pathway near the corners to make it possible that it arrives to the place accurately.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007Method for Production Planning and Inventory Control in OilRenery2030ENTakujiImamuraMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/14081In this paper, we propose a simultaneous optimization method for inventory control and production planning problem for a chemical batch plant. The plant consists of
blending process, intermediate storage tanks and filling process. In the proposed method, the original problem is decomposed into production planning sub-problem and inventory control sub-problem. Then the decision variables are optimized by alternately solving each sub-problem. The solution of the proposed method is compared with that of centralized optimization method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated from numerical
computational results.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991Mesh Generation for Convex 3-Dimensional Domain123133ENTakeoTaniguchiChikashiOhta10.18926/15517The aim of this investigation is the proposal of 3D mesh generation method based on the Delaunay triangulation. The method is valid for the finite element modelling of any convex 3D domain into tetrahedra with optimum geometrical configuration. This paper includes the mathematical background of the mesh generation method, its detail, proposal of some efficient tools for faster and more rigorous computations, and some examples of the mesh generation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Memory Search using Genetic Algorithms and a Neural Network Model111128ENShigetoshiNara10.18926/15443An information processing task which generates combinatorial explosion and program complexity when it is treated by a serial algorithm is investigated using both Genetic Algorithms (GA) and a neural network model (NN). The task in question is to find a target memory from a set of stored entries in the form of "attractors" in a high dimensional state space. The representation of entries in the memory is distributed ("an auto associative neural network" in this paper), and the problem is to find an attractor under a given access information where the uniqueness or even existence of a solution is not always guaranteed ( an ill-posed problem ). The GA is used as an algorithm for generating a search orbit to search effectively for a state which satisfies the access condition and belongs to the target attractor basin in state space. The NN is used to retrieve the corresponding entry from the network. The results of our computer simulation indicate that the present method is superior to a search method which uses random walk in state space. Our technique may prove useful in the realization of flexible and adaptive information processing, since pattern search in high dimensional state spaces is common in various kinds of parallel information processing.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Melting of Spherical Yukawa Clusters Analyzed by Monte CarloSimulation3135ENTakafumiOgawaChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/14119We analyze the melting of spherical Yukawa clusters by Monte Carlo simulations. Spherical clusters are expected to be found in dusty plasmas in an isotropic environment such as microgravity and serve as a model for classical clusters. We obtain the specific heat through fluctuations of the potential energy and identify its peak as the transition temperature. Melting temperatures are compared with those of bulk Yukawa systems and it is confirmed that the melting temperature increases and approaches the bulk value with the increase of the system size.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712521991Mechanical Characteristics of Cast Ti Fiber-Reinforced Mg Composite18ENHiroyukiOkadaMoritakaHidaAkiraSakakibaraYoshitoTakemoto10.18926/15500Tensile strength and elongation of cast magnesium reinforced with titanium fiber were measured by tensile test. The pull-out test of a titanium rod partially embedded in a magnesium matrix was performed to evaluate interfacial bonding strength between magnesium and titanium. It was found that when the fiber volume fraction was changed from 1% to 14%, the tensile strength was improved with increase of volume fraction, while the improvement of elongation tended to be restrained beyond the volume fraction of 10%. The interfacial strength was revealed to be strong, and this was substantiated by the scanning electron microscopy showing an excellent wettability between the titanium fiber and the magnesium matrix.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713311998Measurement of saturated solubilities and diffusion coefficients of pure gases to mineral oil1930ENSeiichiWashioSatoshiTakahashiChikashiImotoAtsumasaYoshida10.18926/19608The present paper deals with measurements of the diffusion coefficients as well as the saturated solubilities of single component gases such as N(2), O(2) and CO(2) to a mineral oil. The method to determine the diffusivity is based upon measuring the pressure changes caused by the one-dimensional diffusion between the gas and the oil enclosed in an airtight container. For N(2) and O(2) the profiles of the measured pressure changes agree well with those predicted by diffusion theory, whereas that is not the case with CO(2). Although the reason why CO(2) does not seem to obey diffusion theory has yet to be studied, it may suggest the possibility that the diffusion coefficient varies with the pressure, considering that the range of pressure change in the diffusivity measurement was much obtained by this method fell within }30% around the average. Moreover the solubility measurements have made clear that Henry's law holds true between the three pure gases and the oils tested, and that O(2) and CO(2) dissolve into the oil approximately two and ten times more, respectively, than N(2).No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Measurement of Microvibration on the Skin Surface7380ENHisaoOkaYoshitakeYamamotoTatsumaYamamoto10.18926/15479There is a small vibration which goes undetected by the naked eyes. It is called a microvibration (MV) or a minor tremor (MT). The MV on the body surface is expected to apply to a clinical examination of the autonomic nervous system. It is not cleared why and how the MV occurs, but there are many papers about its occurrence and clinical
application. In this study, MV measuring system, its estimation and basic characteristics are examined. The difference between head MV and thenar MV, individual MV and diurnal and seasonal change are discussed. The power spectrum of MV is obtained using an autoregressive model.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Measurement of Methane Concentration in a Rice Paddy Field with a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry4553ENNaokiKagawaOsamiWadaXuHaiRyujiKogaHiroyaSanoKazuyukiInubushi10.18926/15392A prototype device based on the tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry was constructed and the atmospheric methane concentration near the terrain in a rice paddy field was measured. An open optical path of 50 m length was employed along with a PbSnTe diode laser. Diurnal change of methane density with 30 seconds temporal resolution was recorded associated with meteorological parameters. A feasibility was proven for a practical application for in situ study of atmospheric methane.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Measurement of Emotional Response by Similarity in Patterns of Galvanic Skin Reflex6372ENYoshitakeYamamotoHisaoOkaTatsumaYamamoto10.18926/15476There is no doubt that many people feel the peace of mind or the pleasures of senses in appreciating music. But the estimation of the effect is very difficult and the objective estimation can be hardly done. This study proposed the objective estimating method of human emotion utilizing galvanic skin reflex (GSR) which reflects a human psychological activity. In this method, not by individual response, but by the series of response and pattern of appearance of GSR, the emotional response under appreciating music was investigated. In the case of appreciation of the same classic music to several subjects, the individual GSR responses are random and remarkable characteristic could not be find on the results. However, on the patterns of appearance of GSR, the patterns obtaining from the same generation are much similar each other and the patterns obtaining from different generation are less similar. It was cleared that the same music gave different effect on different generations.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071221988Measurement of Biomechanical Impedance - Its device and measuring conditions114ENHisaoOkaTatsumaYamamoto10.18926/15446Biomechanical impedance is relatively small compared to industrial mechanical impedance. Thus it is difficult to measure it precisely. A biomechanical impedance measuring system was developed for portable use by means of random excitation. This system doesn't require a fixed body and vibrator supporting apparatus. In order to obtain an impedance spectrum, the FFT processing is performed using a personal computer. The spectra of the biomechanical impedance which is measured on body surfaces depend on body positions and can be roughly classified into three spectra patterns : soft, stiff and intermediate. During the measurement, the measuring conditions (preload, diameter of the vibrating tip etc.) influence the results. However, it became clear that the linearity of the biomechanical impedance was satisfied in the limited measuring conditions. Accordingly it is possible to standardize the impedance and to compare it with the results under different measuring conditions.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Measurement System of Biomechanical Properties for Portable Use4550ENHisaoOka10.18926/19666It is difficult to evaluate a biomechanical properties quantitatively. The authors developed the measurement system of biomechanical properties formerly but it is on a large scale because of the use of personal computer. In this study, the portable measurement system of biomechanical impedance/mobility is developed. To establish a rapid measurement, a random vibration is adopted in input signal. The system consists of the measuring probe, amplifier, and a note-typed personal computer. The measurement probe is developed newly, and has an overall length of 9 p (without a handle) and a total weight of about 500 g. The measurement program is also developed and is available to any computer which is worked under MS DOS compatible in Windows 95/98 operating system. The biomechanical spectra of thigh, temple and forehead are obtained and they show three typical spectrum patterns.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712421990Mean Time Between Failure of Ring Arbiter with Requests Differing in Incidences7987ENYoichiroSato10.18926/15502In asynchronous arbiters, failures may happen, caused by metastable operations. The purpose of this study is to derive a formula to estimate such failures in a ring arbiter as mean time between failures (MTBF), under the condition that incidences of requests issued in all devices are different from each other. The operation of the arbiter is formularized by a markov chain. This chain is used to decide the probability at which each of possible failures contributes to MTBF. The sum of such probabilities gives the MTBF which can be represented as a sum of a finite number of terms. As an example, MTBF of a ring arbiter composed of 3 cells is shown.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712921995Low Temperature Age-Hardening of Al-12mass % Zn-0.5mass % Cu Alloy14ENAkiraSakakibaraKeiyuNakagawaTerutoKanadani10.18926/15408Effect of addition of a small amount of copper to Al- 12mass % Zn binary alloy on the process of low temperature aging is studied by hardness test and transmission electron microscopy. Age hardening rate after quenching from various temperatures is slowed down by addition of 0.5mass % copper to the binary alloy. The hardness obtained after long aging, however, is increased a little by the addition of copper. The extent of soft surface layer formed by aging in the copper-added alloy is nearly
equal to that obtained in the binary alloy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115472013Lazy Random Walk Efficient for Pollardfs Rho Metho Attacking on G3 over Barreto-Naehrig Curve (Corrected)2532ENKentaNekadoYusukeTakaiYasuyukiNogami10.18926/49322Pairing–based cryptosystems are well implemented with Ate–type pairing over Barreto–Naehrig (BN)
curve. Then, for instance, their securities depend on the difficulty of Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP)
on the so–denoted G3 over BN curve. This paper, in order to faster solve the DLP, first proposes to
utilize Gauss period Normal Basis (GNB) for Pollardfs rho method, and then considers to accelerate the
solving by an adoption of lazy random walk, namely tag tracing technique proposed by Cheon et al.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071351-22001Laser Welding of Slices of Magnetic Circuit2128ENVolodymyrS.kovalenkoYoshiyukiUnoYasuhiroOkamotoM.AnyakinA.LutayKhaled Al.Shubul10.18926/15348In electric power industry, there is a problem of achieving stable joint in different components using high productive and efficient technologies. One type of these components is packages of slices for magnetic circuit of electric motors, transformers etc., which need reliable means for their fixing. Laser welding is proposed to solve this problem as an alternative for existing technologies. The development of the laser welding process is presented based on process simulation, study of heat history and comparison with experimental results. Laser beam additional scanning technique is proposed to improve the quality and efficiency of the joining operation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713912005Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulation of CoulombClusters: A Finite-Temperature Analysis5255ENKatsuyaKanamoriChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsurutaHirooTotsuji10.18926/14152Thermal behavior of Coulomb clusters in a three dimensional confining potential is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations for system sizes of 1,000 to 20,288 ions. The specific heat of the system of shell-structured 20,000 ions is peaked almost at the same temperature as the system of
bcc-structured 20,288 ions with much sharper structure for the latter. The diffusion coefficient and the peak to valley ratio of the two-dimensional pair distribution function on the outermost shell are obtained both as a function of temperature. The rotational movement of each shell in the system
of 104 ions is observed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Intrinsic Bistability of Coupled Quantum Wires: Localization due to Many-Body Effects5564ENHirooTotsujiShigetoshiNara10.18926/15394The ground state of a system of electrons accumulated in a pair of coupled symmetric quantum wires is analyzed on the basis of density functional theory. It is shown that, in a domain of physical parameters, electrons are localized in either of wires. The main contribution to the total energy of this system comes from the Hartree energy, or the electrostatic energy, and the exchange-correlation energy between electrons. The ground state is determined by a competition between these contributions: We have symmetric electron distributions when the Hartree energy dominates and asymmetric (localized) states are realized in the opposite case. This kind of simple system with bistable electronic states may be applied to semiconductor memory devices.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071321-21998Internal Structure and Viscoelasticity Estimation by a Mechanical Impedance - In case of a vibrating disk -1522ENMasahiroMoriHisaoOka10.18926/19634In a stiffness estimation of living body, an internal structure under the skin influences the measured results. Because a different stiffness of body caused by bones and muscles is obtained. In this paper, by using a measurement system of mechanical impedance, the relations between a viscoelasticity and a distance from the surface of silicone-gel model is calculated. This relation is applied to silicone-gel tumor model and a shape and a viscoelasticity of semi-sphere silicone-gel tumous are estimated. The obtained results are expressed as a reconstructed 3-D image of shape / viscoelasticity. The revised curve-fitting of mechanical impedance and the cancellation of peripheral vibration influence are proposed in order to increase an estimation acccuracy.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713121997Internal Structure and Phase Transformation of Ti-V Alloy Fine Particles1120ENYoshitoTakemotoMoritakaHida10.18926/19589Fine particles of Ti-V alloy were prepared by means of arc method and were investigated on internal structure and phase transformation using HR-TEM and EDS. Martensite phase was observed in a particle containing comparatively low concentration of V, and phase was also found to exist in a nearly 15% V particle. The structure of the phase in the fine particle is remarkably expanded in comparison with the bulk sample, and the phase is unstable, so that it has disappeared in a few seconds during TEM observation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712821994Internal Structure and Phase Transformation of Ti-Mo Alloy Fine Particles17ENYoshitoTakemotoAkiraSakakibaraMoritakaHida10.18926/15448Fine particles of Ti-Mo alloy have been prepared by means of arc method, and investigated on internal structure and phase transformation using HR-TEM and EDS. Martensite phase was observed in a particle containing comparatively low concentration of Mo, and phase was also found to exist in a nearly 14 % M0 particle. The structure of the phase in the fine particle is expanded and remarkably unstable in comparison with the bulk sample, so that it has disappeared in a few seconds during TEM observation. Moreover, the structure of Ti-Mo particles has changed to the unusual fcc phase with irradiation of a strong electron beam.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Intelligent Monitoring System Using Multiviewpoints for Teleperation9196ENYoshiomiMunesawaHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajihara10.18926/19682In this paper, we propose the method to determine the position of the 2 cameras for the multiviewpoints as the robot is the work place. The optical axit's direction of the 1st camera is determined in the base ot work contents in teleoperation. The multiviewpoints system uses the 2 camera units that aren't installed side by side, so that the direction of the 2nd camera is decided in the base of the angle between the optical axes' direction of 2 cameras. Next, the distance from the camera to the work place is determined according to the distance resolution of image on the monitor, and the camera type of which the point-blank range is not this distance is selected. And the efficacy ot this system is examined with an experiment.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713321999Inspection Method by Comparing CAD Figure with Processed Image97103ENMitsuruJindaiHirokazuOsakiYasuhiroKajiharaYoshiomiMunesawa10.18926/15297We propose the recognition method of bridge soldering base metal on the circuits by comparing CAD figure and input image of image processing to locate the soldering iron tip accurately to secure the high quality Firstly, three dimensional CAD assembly drawing of circuits which are assembled perpendicularly in each other is projected on an imaginary two dimensional screen which is vertical to the optical axis of the camera The projected image is used as the standard CAD figure to inspect the location of the bridge soldering base metal. The positions among the bridge soldering base metals show the line state. So this line (connecting line) is used as the reference line to inspect the location of the bridge soldering base metal. The characteristics of the standard figure are represented by the connecting line, edge line and center points of base metal. Secondly, the position and gradient of connecting line among bridge soldering base metals in the input image is estimated. And the position of base metal and assembly accuracy of circuit units are calculated by comparing the shape and position of each base metal with its standard figure based on the connecting line Furthermore, the length between the opposite edges of the base metals are calculated to inspect the positions and the assemble accuracy of circuit units.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Information Transfer and Entanglement Creation by Spin Chains: Effects of Noise and Asymmetry2226ENHirooTotsujiChiekoTotsujiKenjiTsuruta10.18926/17831For the transfer of quantum information and the creation of entangled states, the application of tuned spin chains, systems of spins with the nearest-neighbor coupling tuned so as to give high efficiency, has been proposed and some examples of high performance have been given by several authors. In this article, the effect of deviations from tuned values and the effect of resultant asymmetry are investigated through numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. It is shown that there exists a system where the transfer efficiency is comparable with exactly tuned ones and, at the same time, robust to noises in the coupling constants. It is also shown that the effect of asymmetry on the efficiency of entanglement creation is of the second order when the asymmetry is small.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713912005Improving Methods of Wear Resistance in Heavy Loaded SlidingFriction Pairs16ENMasahiroFujiiAkiraYoshida10.18926/14134Improvement of wear resistance and durability of machine elements with sliding friction pairs is the important tribological problems. The wear resistance
has been determined with many configurative parameters, technological parameters, and operational parameters. In this study kinematics of cylindrical joint (CJ), whose motion is reciprocating and rotating, and influence of various parameters on wear resistance of friction pair was investigated.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713612001Improvement of Biocompatibility of Silicone Elastomer by Surface Modification117121ENYukiShirosakiKanjiTsuruSatoshiHayakawaAkiyoshiOsakaSeisukeTakashima10.18926/47005-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (-MPS) was grafted to silicone due to emulsion polymerization to induce Si-OH groups, in order to provide silicone with bioactivity spontaneous deposition of apatite in body fluid and to improve cytocompatibility. Apatite deposited on the grafted silicone within 7 days of soaking in 1.5 times as concentrated as the Kokubo solution. Osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured on the specimens up to 7 days. After 5 days of culture, the number of MC3T3-E1 cells on the grafted specimen was much greater than that on the original specimen. These results indicated that the biocompatibility of silicone elastomer was improved by the grafting -MPS.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Improved Multistage Learning for Multibody Motion Segmentation2431ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/19956We present an improved version of the MSL method of Sugaya and Kanatani for multibody motion segmentation. We replace their initial segmentation based on heuristic clustering by an analytical computation based on GPCA, fitting two 2-D affine spaces in 3-D by the Taubin method. This initial segmentation alone can segment most of the motions in natural scenes fairly correctly, and the result is successively optimized by the EM algorithm in 3-D, 5-D, and 7-D. Using simulated and real videos, we demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous MSL and other existing methods. We also illustrate its mechanism by our visualization technique.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713912005Immobilization of Photoelectric Dye on the Polyethylene FilmSurface1620ENTetsuyaUchidaSanaeIshimaruKaoruShimamuraAkihitoUjiToshihikoMatsuoHiroshiOhtsuki10.18926/14136PE film was treated with fuming nitric acid at 80 for 20 min, resulting in introduction of COOH moieties on the film surface. The COOHfs were reacted with ethylenediamine,
whose amino groups were used for linking with (2-[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]ethenyl)-3-carboxy-methylbenzo-thiazolium, photoelectric dye (NK-5962), which absorbs visible light and converts the photon energy to electric potentials. The dye molecules were immobilized
on the PE film surface and they were able to stimulate chick retinal tissues on incidence of visible light. These facts hopefully lead to development of an artificial retinal prosthesis.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Identification of Electric Charge Distribution Using Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Models2533ENYukioKagawa10.18926/15372Identification of unknown electric charges or sources distributed in space is made from the data observed over the field boundary using dual reciprocity boundary element models. The inhomogeneous term of the Poisson field can equivalently be expressed as the linear combination of the functions associated with the particular solutions to transform into Laplace equation. For the solution procedure, the variational formulation is employed, in which the regular boundary integral approach is incorporated to avoid the singularity. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the availability and the capability.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010Hyperaccurate Ellipse Fitting without Iterations4249ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/19958This paper presents a new method for fitting an ellipse to a point sequence extracted from images. It is widely known that the best fit is obtained by maximum likelihood. However, it requires iterations, which may not converge in the presence of large noise. Our approach is algebraic distance minimization; no iterations are required. Exploiting the fact that the solution depends on the way the scale is normalized, we analyze the accuracy to high order error terms with the scale normalization weight unspecified and determine it so that the bias is zero up to the second order. We demonstrate by experiments that our method is superior to the Taubin method, also algebraic
and known to be highly accurate.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115452011Hyper Least Squares and Its Applications1526ENKenichiKanataniPrasannaRangrajanYasuyukiSugayaHirotakaNiitsuma10.18926/44496We present a new least squares (LS) estimator, called gHyperLSh, specifically designed for parameter estimation in computer vision applications. It minimizes the algebraic distance under a special scale normalization, which is derived by rigorous error analysis in such a way that statistical bias is removed up to second order noise terms. Numerical experiments suggest that our HyperLS is far superior to the standard LS and comparable in accuracy to maximum likelihood (ML), which is known to produce highly accurate results in image applications but may fail to converge if poorly initialized. Our HyperLS is a perfect candidate for ML initialization. In addition, we discuss how
image-based inference problems have different characteristics form conventional statistical applications, with a view to serving as a bridge between mathematicians and computer engineers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Human Support Agent for Design and Diagnosis using Classifier System7592ENKeitaOheMasamiKonishiJunImai10.18926/17844As is well known, an advanced knowledge and know-how are needed in the design and the diagnosis work. Further, human experts can cope with the recent trend of customers
needs. Therefore, the design and the diagnosis work have been privately performed in the past, and its information cannot be shared. In addition, the number of experts is decreasing. It is a very important problem to maintain and to extend experts technologies having been built up. For the purpose, methods and systems for technical inheritance of the advanced techniques of the skilled engineers are needed to train the unskilled operators and also can assist skilled operators. In this research, attention is focused on the design of analog filter circuit. To attain the target, the circuit structural classifier system to support design work is developed. Furthermore, simulation technology for hot strip rolling mills based on distributed agents is presented aimed to develop tools for the diagnosis of hot strip rolling mills operation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115432009Human Interface Technology for Operation Support of LargeSized Crane6174ENMaoKawamuraMasamiKonishiKatukiYamagataKoichiShimomura10.18926/17843In this research, a Human Interface system is designed intended to mobile crane. The intervention of human is unavoidable to attain the high performance of electro mechanical system. As is known, crane operation is complicated. Recently, the decrease of expert person induced crane accident. So in near future, it is required a partial automation of crane operation and human support technology. We are aiming at the development of the operation support system for a crane. In this research, development of the hydro mechanical models representing both of static and dynamics movements are made. Further, actual experimental data of operating mobile crane, which are electrical signal data and three-dimension (3D) position of moving load is measured. The actual operating data are compared with the model and it is found that the developed electromechanical model can explain the behaviors of actual data.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama1349-6115442010High Accuracy Homography Computation without Iterations5059ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/19959We present highly accurate least-squares (LS) alternatives to the theoretically optimal maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for homographies between two images. Unlike ML, our estimators are non-iterative and yield solutions even in the presence of large noise. By rigorous error analysis, we derive a ghyperaccurateh estimator which is unbiased up to second order noise terms. Then, we introduce a computational simplification, which we call gTaubin approximationh, without incurring a loss in accuracy. We experimentally demonstrate that our estimators have accuracy surpassing the traditional LS estimator and comparable to the ML estimator.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714112007Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of Fluidized Bed Grain Drying5262ENHideoInabaAkihikoHoribeNaotoHaruki10.18926/14084The effects of heat and mass transfer parameters on the efficiency of fluidized bed drying have been studied to optimize the input and output conditions. The analysis was carried out using two different materials, wheat and corn. Energy and exergy models based on the first and second
law of thermodynamic are developed. Furthermore, some unified non-dimensional experimental correlations for predicting the efficiency of fluidized bed drying process have been proposed. The effects of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics conditions such as the inlet air temperature, the initial moisture content and well known Fourier and Reynolds numbers on energy efficiency and exergy
efficiency were analyzed using the developed model. A good agreement was achieved between the model predictions, non-dimensional correlations and the available experimental results.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Heat Transfer Characteristics of Two Phase ClosedThermosiphon for Geothermal Energy (1st Report: Measurement on Heat Transfer Coefficient)1126ENHideoInaba10.18926/15388To prevent freezing of road and aquaduct by extracting geothermal heat with two phase closed thermosiphon has been widely used in a cold area. Both heat transfer characteristics in the underground soil and function of the thermosiphon to extract geothermal heat have to be made clear for the purpose of the above system. This study is directed for the purpose to prevent freezing of fire hydrant and composed of the fundamental experiment and the empirical experiment. In the fundamental study, heat transfer behavior is studied experimentally in the small size filling bath representing the underground soil layer. After recording temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient is measured, they are proceeded into the correlation between the dimensionless number of Nusselt, Rayleigh and Fourier. The fundamental study is described as the first report.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712711992Heat Transfer Characteristics of Two Phase Closed Thermosiphon for Geothermal Energy (2nd Report: Heat Transfer Behavior on Site)2732ENHideoInaba10.18926/15390Heating and refrigerating technique such as snow melting of road and cold storage by utilizing temperature difference between underground soil and atmosphere is widely used[1-4] in a cold area. In the 1st Report, heat transfer characteristics of two phase closed thermosiphon for extracting geothermal energy is studied fundamentally. In the empirical study, heat extract rate is measured in connection with the change of atmospheric temperature utilizing real two thermosiphons on the site. Temperature distribution on the surface of the thermosiphon and underground soil around it is also measured. Based on the data of the empirical experiment, it is confirmed that prevention of freezing for fire hydrant can be achieved by geothermal heat utilizing two phase closed thermosiphon. Present paper describes the heat transfer behavior of the thermosiphon as the 2nd report.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712811993Ground State of Coupled Quantum Wires2738ENHirooTotsujiShigetoshiNara10.18926/15434The ground states of interacting electrons in coupled quantum wires are analyzed on the basis of the density functional theory. The exchange-correlation potential is calculated from 'exact' results given by the Green's function Monte Carlo method in two and three dimensions. It is shown that the critical density signifying the change from symmetrical to asymmetrical ground state is weakly dependent on the details of the exchange-correlation potential. These critical values are compared with the result of the three-dimensional analysis for a single wire.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Geometric BIC1017ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/14055The author introduced the "geometric AIC" and the "geometric MDL" as model selection criteria for geometric fitting problems. These correspond to Akaikefs "AIC" and Rissanen's "BIC", respectively, well known in the statistical estimation framework. Another criterion well
known is Schwarzf "BIC", but its counterpart for geometric fitting has been unknown. This paper introduces the corresponding criterion, which we call the "geometric BIC", and shows that it is of the same form as the geometric MDL. We present the underlying logical reasoning of Bayesian estimation.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713011995Genetic Algorithm with Evolutionary Chain-Based Mutation and Its Applications111120ENMasahiroTanakaTetsuzoTanino10.18926/15386Mutation is one of the important operators in genetic algorithm. In traditional genetic algorithm, mutation is activated stochastically. In this way it is unknown and cannot be controlled for which individuals to be mutated. Therefore, it is unavoidable that some good individuals are destroyed by mutation and then the evolutionary efficiency of the genetic algorithm is dampened. Owing to this kind of destructivity of mutation, the operator of mutation has to be limited within a very small probability, and the potentiality of mutation is consequently limited. In this paper, we present an evolutionary chain-based mutation and a control strategy of reasonable competition, in which the heuristic information provided by the evaluation function is well utilized. This method avoids the blindness of stochastic mutation. The performance improved in this method is shown by two examples, a fuzzy modeling for the identification of a nonlinear function and a typical combinatorial optimization problem-the traveling salesman problem.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-0071381-22004Generation of IgM and IgG1 monoclonal antibodies with identical variable regions: comparison of avidity9196ENNaokiKanayamaKimiYamakoshiMasaakiKiyomiMasakiMagariHitoshiOhmori10.18926/46955Generally, IgM antibodies (Abs) produced in a primary immune response show lower affinity for an inducing antigen (Ag) compared with the corresponding IgG Abs that are major switched isotypes formed in the secondary response. An IgM molecule is a pentamer with 10 Ag-binding sites that will contribute to an increase of avidity for an Ag. To estimate the contribution of the pentameric structure to the avidity of an IgM Ab, we generated IgM and IgG1 monoclonal Abs (mAbs) with identical V regions that are specific for 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) by in vitro class switching of B cells followed by the cell fusion with a mouse myeloma cell line. Compared with an anti-NP IgG1 mAb, the corresponding IgM mAb showed much higher avidity for NP-conjugated
bovine serum albumin, which was drastically reduced after being dissociated into monomers.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714012006Generating Dense Point Matches Using Epipolar Geometry4452ENYasuyukiSugayaKenichiKanataniYasushiKanazawa10.18926/14122Dense point matches are generated over two images by rectifying the two images to align epipolar lines horizontally, and horizontally sliding a template. To overcome inherent limitations of 2-D search, we incorporate the gnaturalness of the 3-D shapeh implied by the resulting matches.
After stating our rectification procedure, we introduce our multi-scale template matching scheme and our outlier removal technique using tentatively reconstructed 3-D shapes. Doing real image experiments, we discuss the performance of our method and remaining issues.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713722003Gain Tuning Model of Human Expert for Looper Height Control in Hot Strip Rolling2944ENShuyaImajoMasamiKonishiJunImaiTatsushiNishi10.18926/46978In hot strip rolling mills, the looper control system is automated. However, the looper's behavior tends to be unstable in threading. Therefore, human expert always intervenes and stabilizes the looper's behavior by tuning PID gains and interposing manipulation variable of looper control system. In this paper, we propose a method based on the recurrent neural network to express PID gains tuning action by human. Furthermore, we propose two methods to update the model by learning. To check the effectiveness of the proposed learning methods, numerical simulation applied to the looper height control is carried out.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712411989Fundamental Study on Electrical Discharge Machining1324ENYoshiyukiUnoToshikatsuNakajimaOsamuEndo10.18926/15470The generation mechanism of crater in electrical discharge machining is analyzed with a single pulse discharge device for alloy tool steel, black alumina ceramics, cermet and cemented carbide, investigating the gap voltage, the discharge current, the shape of crater, the wear of electrode and so on. The experimental analysis makes it clear that the shape of crater has a characteristic feature for the kind of workpiece. The shape of electrode, which changes with the wear by an electric spark, has a significant effect on the shape of crater. The diameter and the depth of crater have a close relation to the discharge energy for alloy tool steel, black alumina ceramics and cermet, while those for cemented carbide are related to the discharge current. The shape factor which is the ratio of the depth to the diameter of crater is different for the work material.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00714212008Fundamental Matrix Computation: Theory and Practice1835ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/14056We classify and review existing algorithms for computing the fundamental matrix from point correspondences and propose new effective schemes: 7-parameter Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) search, EFNS, and EFNS-based bundle adjustment. Doing experimental comparison, we show that EFNS and the 7-parameter LM search exhibit the best performance and that additional bundle adjustment does not increase the accuracy to any noticeable degree.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712421990Functional Testing of an ALU8998ENTokumiYokohira10.18926/15505This paper considers a test set for an ALU with look ahead carry generators(LCGs). The ALU is logically partitioned into two groups of blocks, the group of one-bit operation units and LCG group. Each group is tested in parallel and exhaustively, independent of the other. And an easily testable design is applied to several blocks for decreasing the number of the input combinations of them. Under the easily testable design, a minimum test set for each group is generated, and the upper and lower bounds for
a minimum test for the ALU are derived. The difference of the lower and upper bounds is not large, and a test set whose number of test vectors is equal to the upper bound can be easily obtained as the union of minimum test sets for two groups. Hence, the union can be used as a complete and practical test set for the ALU.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00712621992Freezing of Quiescent Water in a Horizontal Cylinder1724ENHideoInabaShigeruNozu10.18926/15427Heat transfer measurements were conducted during freezing of quiescent water in a horizontal cylinder. A horizontal cylinder with inner diameter of 61.1 mm is cooled by air in a constant low temperature room and time variations of the radial distribution of fluid temperature were observed. Experimental results for the velocity of the phase change interface, the time taken for complete freezing and apparent freezing heat transfer coefficient were compared with the simple theoretical model based on the quasisteady assumption.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.Faculty of Engineering, Okayama UniversityActa Medica Okayama0475-00713712002For Geometric Inference from Images, What Kind of Statistical Model Is Necessary?1523ENKenichiKanatani10.18926/46969In order to facilitate smooth communications with researchers in other fields including statistics, this paper investigates the meaning of "statistical methods" for geometric inference based on image feature points, We point out that statistical analysis does not make sense unless the underlying "statistical ensemble" is clearly defined. We trace back the origin of feature uncertainty to image processing operations for computer vision in general and discuss the implications of asymptotic analysis for performance evaluation in reference to "geometric fitting", "geometric model selection", the "geometric AIC", and the "geometric MDL". Referring to such statistical concepts as "nuisance parameters", the "Neyman-Scott problem", and "semiparametric models", we point out that simulation experiments for performance evaluation will lose meaning without carefully considering the assumptions involved and intended applications.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.