start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=265 end-page=270 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150514 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Epoprostenol sodium for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The release of endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) is depressed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PGI2 replacement therapy by epoprostenol infusion is one of the best treatments available for PAH. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinical data for epoprostenol. Epoprostenol treatment improves symptoms, exercise capacity, and hemodynamics, and is the only treatment that has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) in randomized clinical trials. We have reported that high-dose epoprostenol therapy (>40 ng/kg/min) also results in marked hemodynamic improvement in some patients with IPAH. High-dose epoprostenol has a pro-apoptotic effect on PAH-PASMCs via the IP receptor and upregulation of Fas ligand (FasL) in vitro. However, long-term intravenous administration of epoprostenol is sometimes associated with catheter-related infections and leads to considerable inconvenience for the patient. In the future, the development of new routes of administration or the development of powerful PGI2 analogs, IP-receptor agonists, and gene and cell-based therapy enhancing PGI2 production with new routes of administration is required. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaitoYukihiro en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Yukihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraKazufumi en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Kazufumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkagiSatoshi en-aut-sei=Akagi en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SarashinaToshihiro en-aut-sei=Sarashina en-aut-mei=Toshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=EjiriKentaro en-aut-sei=Ejiri en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraAya en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Aya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgawaAiko en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Aiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsubaraHiromi en-aut-sei=Matsubara en-aut-mei=Hiromi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Division of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Division of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=apoptosis kn-keyword=apoptosis en-keyword=prostacyclin kn-keyword=prostacyclin en-keyword=pulmonary arterial hypertension kn-keyword=pulmonary arterial hypertension END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2011 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=5 end-page=11 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=20110809 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Detection of in situ cleaved p115 with the cut specific antibodies in rapid protein inactivation system by tobacco etch viral protease cleavage en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Gene perturbation methods are commonly used in the study of gene and protein function. The authors of this paper recently developed a rapid protein inactivation technique utilizing tobacco etch virus (TEV)-derived protease. TEV protease recognizes the ENLYFQG (Glu-Asn-Leu-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Gly) amino acid sequence and specifically cleaves between Q and G. The authors developed antibodies that recognize the cleaved TEV (ENLYFQ) sequence, both in vitro and in vivo, but do not bind to uncleaved TEV (ENLYFQG). Using these antibodies, in situ protein cleavage was successfully detected. These antibodies used in combination with the TEV protease may be a useful complement to other perturbation methods. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KoreishiMayuko en-aut-sei=Koreishi en-aut-mei=Mayuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HonjoYasuko en-aut-sei=Honjo en-aut-mei=Yasuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatohAyano en-aut-sei=Satoh en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=The Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=The Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=The Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), Okayama University en-keyword=TEV protease kn-keyword=TEV protease en-keyword=Golgi kn-keyword=Golgi en-keyword=golgins kn-keyword=golgins en-keyword=microinjection kn-keyword=microinjection en-keyword=recombinant proteins kn-keyword=recombinant proteins END