ID | 58258 |
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Author |
Kojima, Keiichi
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University,
Shibukawa, Atsushi
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University,
Sudo, Yuki
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Abstract | Microbial rhodopsins, a photoactive membrane protein family, serve as fundamental tools for optogenetics, an innovative technology for controlling biological activities with light. Microbial rhodopsins are widely distributed in nature and have a wide variety of biological functions. Regardless of the many different known types of microbial rhodopsins, only a few of them have been used in optogenetics to control neural activity to understand neural networks. The efforts of our group have been aimed at identifying and characterizing novel rhodopsins from nature and also at engineering novel variant rhodopsins by rational design. On the basis of the molecular and functional characteristics of those novel rhodopsins, we have proposed new rhodopsin-based optogenetics tools to control not only neural activities but also "non-neural" activities. In this Perspective, we introduce the achievements and summarize future challenges in creating optogenetics tools using rhodopsins. The implementation of optogenetics deep inside an in vivo brain is the well-known challenge for existing rhodopsins. As a perspective to address this challenge, we introduce innovative optical illumination techniques using wavefront shaping that can reinforce the low light sensitivity of the rhodopsins and realize deep-brain optogenetics. The applications of our optogenetics tools could be extended to manipulate non-neural biological activities such as gene expression, apoptosis, energy production, and muscle contraction. We also discuss the potentially unlimited biotechnological applications of microbial rhodopsins in the future such as in photovoltaic devices and in drug delivery systems. We believe that advances in the field will greatly expand the potential uses of microbial rhodopsins as optical tools.
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Published Date | 2019-12-09
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Publication Title |
Biochemistry
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Volume | volume59
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Issue | issue3
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Publisher | American Chemical Society
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Start Page | 218
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End Page | 229
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ISSN | 0006-2960
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NCID | AA00564599
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Content Type |
Journal Article
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language |
English
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OAI-PMH Set |
岡山大学
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File Version | author
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Related Url | isVersionOf https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00768
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Citation | Biochemistry 2020, 59, 3, 218-229 Publication Date:December 9, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00768
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Funder Name |
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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