中学生の摂食行動に関連する心理社会的要因に関する研究 －フォーカスグループインタビューを用いて－

本研究の目的は、中学生を対象に肥満度別にフォーカスグループインタビュー調査を行い、肥満と痩身に関わる摂食行動の心理社会的要因を検討することである．｢日常の摂食行動に影響を与えている要因｣｢摂食行動の変化に影響を与えている要因｣｢食に対する意識｣｢家族からの影響｣について、発言内容のカテゴリー分析を行った結果、摂食行動は「家族や他者との関係」｢食や健康に対する認知｣｢体型に対する認知と満足感｣｢ストレス｣と関連することが示唆された．また、痩身群に情緒と関連づける傾向が見られたこと、標準群と肥満群に体型への関心が見られたこと、痩身群と肥満群に体型に対して周囲からの体型是正に向けた働きかけが見られたことは、肥満度による特徴と考えられた．健康的な摂食行動を行う能力を育てる上でこれらを踏まえた食教育や心理教育的アプローチを行う必要性があると考えられた．

The objective of this study was to identify psychosocial factors involved in eating behaviors associated with obesity and thinness through focus group interviews among junior high school students in three separate categories: obesity, thinness, and normal weight. Students were interviewed and questioned about factors influencing their daily eating habits; factors influencing changes of eating behavior; factors influencing eating behavior due to family thinking and attitudes. The contents of the interviews were analyzed in all three categories, and the results showed that eating behaviors among junior high school students were associated with personal and family relationships, stress, cognition of eating and health, and cognition and satisfaction on the body. Furthermore, the students in the thinness category displayed tendencies in eating behavior to be associated with emotional factors. The normal weight category of students and the obesity category were more interested in their bodies. The obesity group and the thinness group were approached to change their bodies by others. From these interviews in the three weight categories, it was suggested that basic eating information and psychoeducational approaches to improve healthy eating behavior were needed.