start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240405 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Entire solutions with and without radial symmetry in balanced bistable reaction?diffusion equations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Let n ? 2 be a given integer. In this paper, we assert that an n-dimensional traveling front converges to an (n?1)-dimensional entire solution as the speed goes to infinity in a balanced bistable reaction?diffusion equation. As the speed of an n-dimensional axially symmetric or asymmetric traveling front goes to infinity, it converges to an (n?1)-dimensional radially symmetric or asymmetric entire solution in a balanced bistable reaction?diffusion equation, respectively. We conjecture that the radially asymmetric entire solutions obtained in this paper are associated with the ancient solutions called the Angenent ovals in the mean curvature flows. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=40 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=3981 end-page=3995 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202006 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Axisymmetric traveling fronts in balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=For a balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equation, the existence of axisymmetric traveling fronts has been studied by Chen, Guo, Ninomiya, Hamel and Roquejoffre [4]. This paper gives another proof of the existence of axisymmetric traveling fronts. Our method is as follows. We use pyramidal traveling fronts for unbalanced reaction-diffusion equations, and take the balanced limit. Then we obtain axisymmetric traveling fronts in a balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equation. Since pyramidal traveling fronts have been studied in many equations or systems, our method might be applicable to study axisymmetric traveling fronts in these equations or systems. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword= Traveling front kn-keyword= Traveling front en-keyword= reaction-diffusion equation kn-keyword= reaction-diffusion equation en-keyword=axisymmetric kn-keyword=axisymmetric en-keyword=balanced kn-keyword=balanced END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=197 end-page=210 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=202001 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Existence and stability of stationary solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation discretized in space and time en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= The existence and stability of the Allen?Cahn equation discretized in space and time are studied in a finite spatial interval. If a parameter is less than or equals to a critical value, the zero solution is the only stationary solution. If the parameter is larger than the critical value, one has a positive stationary solution and this positive stationary solution is asymptotically stable. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Amy Poh Ai Ling en-aut-sei=Amy Poh Ai Ling en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Division of Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Allen?Cahn equation kn-keyword=Allen?Cahn equation en-keyword=stationary solution kn-keyword=stationary solution en-keyword=comparison theorem kn-keyword=comparison theorem en-keyword=discretized kn-keyword=discretized END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=36 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=1791 end-page=1816 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190527 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Axially asymmetric traveling fronts in balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equations en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= For a balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equation, an axisymmetric traveling front has been well known. This paper proves that an axially asymmetric traveling front with any positive speed does exist in a balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equation. Our method is as follows. We use a pyramidal traveling front for an unbalanced reaction-diffusion equation whose cross section has a major axis and a minor axis. Preserving the ratio of the major axis and a minor axis to be a constant and taking the balanced limit, we obtain a traveling front in a balanced bistable reaction-diffusion equation. This traveling front is monotone decreasing with respect to the traveling axis, and its cross section is a compact set with a major axis and a minor axis when the constant ratio is not 1. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Traveling front kn-keyword=Traveling front en-keyword=Reaction-diffusion equation kn-keyword=Reaction-diffusion equation en-keyword=Asymmetric kn-keyword=Asymmetric en-keyword=Balanced kn-keyword=Balanced END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=260 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=4301 end-page=4338 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2016 dt-pub=20160305 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Convex compact sets in RN-1 give traveling fronts of cooperation-diffusion systems in R-N en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper studies traveling fronts to cooperation diffusion systems in R-N for N >= 3. We consider (N - 2)-dimensional smooth surfaces as boundaries of strictly convex compact sets in RN-1, and define an equivalence relation between them. We prove that there exists a traveling front associated with a given surface and show its stability. The associated traveling fronts coincide up to phase transition if and only if the given surfaces satisfy the equivalence relation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Okayama University en-keyword=Traveling front kn-keyword=Traveling front en-keyword=Cooperation diffusion system kn-keyword=Cooperation diffusion system en-keyword=Non-symmetric kn-keyword=Non-symmetric END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e58022 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=20130307 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Essential Role of the Zinc Transporter ZIP9/SLC39A9 in Regulating the Activations of Akt and Erk in B-Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway in DT40 Cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The essential trace element zinc is important for all living organisms. Zinc functions not only as a nutritional factor, but also as a second messenger. However, the effects of intracellular zinc on the B cell-receptor (BCR) signaling pathway remain poorly understood. Here, we present data indicating that the increase in intracellular zinc level induced by ZIP9/SLC39A9 (a ZIP Zrt-/Irt-like protein) plays an important role in the activation of Akt and Erk in response to BCR activation. In DT40 cells, the enhancement of Akt and Erk phosphorylation following BCR activation requires intracellular zinc. To clarify this event, we used chicken ZnT5/6/7-gene-triple-knockout DT40 (TKO) cells and chicken Zip9-knockout DT40 (cZip9KO) cells. The levels of Akt and ERK phosphorylation significantly decreased in cZip9KO cells. In addition, the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) increased in cZip9KO cells. These biochemical events were restored by overexpressing the human Zip9 (hZip9) gene. Moreover, we found that the increase in intracellular zinc level depends on the expression of ZIP9. This observation is in agreement with the increased levels of Akt and Erk phosphorylation and the inhibition of total PTPase activity. We concluded that ZIP9 regulates cytosolic zinc level, resulting in the enhancement of Akt and Erk phosphorylation. Our observations provide new mechanistic insights into the BCR signaling pathway underlying the regulation of intracellular zinc level by ZIP9 in response to the BCR activation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasanari en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masanari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukunakaAyako en-aut-sei=Fukunaka en-aut-mei=Ayako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HagiharaMitsue en-aut-sei=Hagihara en-aut-mei=Mitsue kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WatanabeKeiko en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KaminoShinichiro en-aut-sei=Kamino en-aut-mei=Shinichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KambeTaiho en-aut-sei=Kambe en-aut-mei=Taiho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=EnomotoShuichi en-aut-sei=Enomoto en-aut-mei=Shuichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HiromuraMakoto en-aut-sei=Hiromura en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Multiple Molecular Imaging Research Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=47 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=455 end-page=476 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An (N-1)-dimensional convex compact set gives an N-dimensional traveling front in the Allen--Cahn equation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This paper studies traveling fronts to the Allen?Cahn equation in RN for N ? 3. Let (N ?2)-dimensional smooth surfaces be the boundaries of compact sets in RN?1 and assume that all principal curvatures are positive everywhere. We define an equivalence relation between them and prove that there exists a traveling front associated with a given surface and that it is asymptotically stable for given initial perturbation. The associated traveling fronts coincide up to phase transition if and only if the given surfaces satisfy the equivalence relation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TaniguchiMasaharu en-aut-sei=Taniguchi en-aut-mei=Masaharu kn-aut-name=’JŒû‰ëŽ¡ kn-aut-sei=’JŒû kn-aut-mei=‰ëŽ¡ aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Ž©‘R‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†‰È en-keyword=traveling front kn-keyword=traveling front en-keyword=Allen?Cahn equation kn-keyword=Allen?Cahn equation en-keyword=nonsymmetric kn-keyword=nonsymmetric END