start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=69 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=165 end-page=171 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201506 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Impulsive Stress Waves Propagating from the Greater Trochanter of the Femur by a Sideways Fall en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Fall accidents are a common cause of femoral fracture in the elderly. The greater trochanter of the femur is often subjected to impact loading by a sideways fall, and thus it is worth studying the impulsive stress waves propagating in the femur. In this study, the impulsive stress was analyzed by the dynamic finite element method using a 3-dimensional model of the femur, and the influence of the fall configuration on the stress was discussed. The stress was concentrated around the femoral neck during the propagation of the stress wave, and the tensile maximum principal stress changed into compressive minimum principle stress on the anterior and medial sides of the neck. On the other hand, the compressive minimum principal stress changed into tensile maximum principle stress on the lateral side of the neck. The largest maximum principal stress during the impact loading was always larger in the neck than in the impact region. The largest absolute value of the minimum principal stress was found in the neck or the impact region depending on the fall configuration. The largest absolute values of the maximum and minimum principal stress were nearly equal, indicating that the bone fracture due to the tensile stress may occur around the femoral neck. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SaraiTakaaki en-aut-sei=Sarai en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TokumotoAkihiro en-aut-sei=Tokumoto en-aut-mei=Akihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Fujikura Co., Ltd. en-keyword=biomechanics kn-keyword=biomechanics en-keyword=sideways fall kn-keyword=sideways fall en-keyword=femoral neck kn-keyword=femoral neck en-keyword=greater trochanter kn-keyword=greater trochanter en-keyword=impulsive stress wave kn-keyword=impulsive stress wave END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=1 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=365 end-page=370 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1991 dt-pub=199111 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=High-speed processing for obtaining three-dimensional distance image and its application en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

A high-speed method of 3-D distance acquisition based on the triangulation principle is presented. This method uses conventional devices such as a CCD camera, a laser emitting semiconductor, and scanning mirrors; however, new circuits have been developed for detecting the position of spot image on the CCD. This development enables the high speed measurement and reduces the cost of the apparatus. Experiments showed that the apparatus and the method gave the practical measuring accuracy and speed, and it was found that the system is useful for image recognition. This method can easily display the stereoscopic image and cross-sectional figure of the object body. The method of real time processing has also been developed with the view to apply the device to the range finders for robots and blind persons

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TanakaYutaka en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Yutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsukaokaHideki en-aut-sei=Tsukaoka en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaHidetoshi en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Hidetoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HondaKazuo en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Kazuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaraiTakaaki en-aut-sei=Sarai en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=CCD image sensors kn-keyword=CCD image sensors en-keyword=computer vision kn-keyword=computer vision en-keyword=computerised pattern recognition kn-keyword=computerised pattern recognition en-keyword=distance measurement kn-keyword=distance measurement en-keyword=video cameras kn-keyword=video cameras END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=13 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1976 dt-pub=19760127 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Effects of Time Constant and Absorption on Stress Measured by X-ray Diffraction Method en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The diffracted intensity of X-ray depends upon several physical and geometrical factors such as structure, multiplicity, absorption and Lorentzpolarization and measuring conditions such as time constant and scanning speed of detector on counter method[l]. For analyzing on the X-ray stress measurement, especially, profile shape of X-ray diffraction which is affected by geometrical factors such as absorption and Lorentz-polarization is very important. In order to eliminate these factors affecting the stress measured by using X-ray, the correcting factors were introduced and those theoretical values were calculated. After this theoretical calculation, it is found that as the half value breadth increases the difference between the stress measured by using X-ray and the corrected one becomes larger and larger under same measuring condition. When the ideal diffracted intensity of X-ray is assumed Cauchy distribution the measured stress depends upon measuring condition for same specimen, but it is independent of measuring condition in Gauss, distribution. Consequently, it is found that the stress measured by using X-ray must be corrected under each measuring condition and the method of correction is made clear and proved experimentally in this paper. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HondaKazuo kn-aut-sei=Honda kn-aut-mei=Kazuo aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=HosokawaNorio kn-aut-sei=Hosokawa kn-aut-mei=Norio aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SaraiTakaaki kn-aut-sei=Sarai kn-aut-mei=Takaaki aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Machanical Engineering. Now at. Okayama College of Science affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Mechanical Engineering END