start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=8
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=22
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20221001
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and traveler's diarrhea attack rates among travelers to India: a systematic review and meta-analysis
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background India is an attractive destination for travelers. Unfortunately, numerous reports exist on traveler's diarrhea (TD) and fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) among international travelers visiting India. Here, we systematically reviewed studies published on the acquisition of ESBL-EC and TD attack rates among international visitors to India. Methods Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and gray literature from 2000 to December 2021, for studies containing data for ESBL-EC acquisition or TD experience related to a trip to India. Random effects models were used to compute the prevalence of ESBL-EC acquisition and TD attack. Results The literature search yielded a total of 5023 records. Of these, 31 met our inclusion criteria for systematic review and only 17 could be meta-analyzed (9 for TD, and 8 for ESBL-EC). The overall pooled attack rate of TD was 39% (95% confidence interval, CI: 25-53%). In studies where travelers' memory was used to diagnose TD, the pooled attack rate of TD was slightly higher (42%, 95% CI: 21-64%) compared to those where TD was objectively documented (33%, 95% CI: 17-49%). There were significant risks to be colonized with ESBL-EC among the travelers who experienced TD. The pooled rate of ESBL-EC colonization was 72% (CI: 67-78%). Most ESBL-EC produced CTX-M-15 enzyme. Furthermore, most of the travelers who acquired ESBL-EC were from highly industrialized countries recruited from travel clinics: Canada (n = 80), Germany (n = 69), Netherlands (n = 20), Sweden (n = 18), Japan (n = 10), Finland (n = 8), USA (n = 7), Spain (n = 5), and Denmark (n = 3). Conclusions TD pooled attack rate and ESBL-EC acquisition among international travelers visiting India were high in this study. However, we cannot make generalizations based upon this TD pooled attack rate for the current situation, due to a lack of current data. Our study highlights that travelers should be advised on TD to ensure that they do not disregard the risk of contracting TD and be better prepared as a result. It also illustrates the importance of international travel in acquiring antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre
en-aut-sei=Muzembo
en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KitaharaKei
en-aut-sei=Kitahara
en-aut-mei=Kei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Ayumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=ESBL-EC
kn-keyword=ESBL-EC
en-keyword=Traveler's diarrhea
kn-keyword=Traveler's diarrhea
en-keyword=International travelers
kn-keyword=International travelers
en-keyword=India
kn-keyword=India
en-keyword=Meta-analysis
kn-keyword=Meta-analysis
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=11
cd-vols=
no-issue=11
article-no=
start-page=2095
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2021
dt-pub=20211113
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1: An Updated Meta-Analysis
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The rapid diagnosis of cholera contributes to adequate outbreak management. This meta-analysis assesses the diagnostic accuracy of cholera rapid tests (RDTs) to detect Vibrio cholerae O1. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched four databases (Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to 8 September 2021) for studies that evaluated cholera RDTs for the detection of V. cholerae O1 compared with either stool culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We assessed the studies' quality using the QUADAS-2 criteria. In addition, in this update, GRADE approach was used to rate the overall certainty of the evidence. We performed a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of cholera RDTs. Results: Overall, 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies were from Africa (n = 11), Asia (n = 7), and America (Haiti; n = 2). They evaluated eight RDTs (Crystal VC-O1, Crystal VC, Cholkit, Institut Pasteur cholera dipstick, SD Bioline, Artron, Cholera Smart O1, and Smart II Cholera O1). Using direct specimen testing, sensitivity and specificity of RDTs were 90% (95% CI, 86 to 93) and 86% (95% CI, 81 to 90), respectively. Cholera Sensitivity was higher in studies conducted in Africa [92% (95% CI, 89 to 94)] compared with Asia [82% (95% CI, 77 to 87)]. However, specificity [83% (95% CI, 71 to 91)] was lower in Africa compared with Asia [90% (95% CI, 84 to 94)]. GRADE quality of evidence was estimated as moderate. Conclusions: Against culture or PCR, current cholera RDTs have moderate sensitivity and specificity for detecting Vibrio cholerae O1.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre
en-aut-sei=Muzembo
en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KitaharaKei
en-aut-sei=Kitahara
en-aut-mei=Kei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Ayumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya
en-aut-sei=Debnath
en-aut-mei=Anusuya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=rapid test
kn-keyword=rapid test
en-keyword=cholera
kn-keyword=cholera
en-keyword=Vibrio cholera O1
kn-keyword=Vibrio cholera O1
en-keyword=sensitivity
kn-keyword=sensitivity
en-keyword=specificity
kn-keyword=specificity
en-keyword=accuracy
kn-keyword=accuracy
en-keyword=update
kn-keyword=update
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=19
cd-vols=
no-issue=9
article-no=
start-page=5738
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2022
dt-pub=20220508
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Cholera Outbreaks in India, 2011-2020: A Systematic Review
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Fecal contamination of water sources and open defecation have been linked to cholera outbreaks in India. However, a systematic review on the drivers responsible for these outbreaks has yet to be published. Here, we systematically review the published literature on cholera outbreaks in India between 2011 and 2020. We searched studies in English in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program that tracks cholera outbreaks throughout India. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Quantitative data on the modes of transmission reviewed in this study were assessed for any change over time between 2011-2015 and 2016-2020. Our search retrieved 10823 records initially, out of which 81 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Among these 81 studies, 20 were eligible for inclusion in this review. There were 565 reported outbreaks between 2011 and 2020 that led to 45,759 cases and 263 deaths. Outbreaks occurred throughout the year; however, they exploded with monsoons (June through September). In Tamil Nadu, a typical peak of cholera outbreaks was observed from December to January. Seventy-two percent (33,089/45,759) of outbreak-related cases were reported in five states, namely Maharashtra, West Bengal, Punjab, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Analysis of these outbreaks highlighted the main drivers of cholera including contaminated drinking water and food, inadequate sanitation and hygiene (including open defecation), and direct contact between households. The comparison between 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 showed a decreasing trend in the outbreaks that arose due to damaged water pipelines. Many Indians still struggle with open defecation, sanitation, and clean water access. These issues should be addressed critically. In addition, it is essential to interrupt cholera short-cycle transmission (mediated by households, stored drinking water and foodstuffs) during an outbreak. As cholera is associated with deprivation, socio-economic development is the only long-term solution.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=MuzemboBasilua Andre
en-aut-sei=Muzembo
en-aut-mei=Basilua Andre
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KitaharaKei
en-aut-sei=Kitahara
en-aut-mei=Kei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DebnathAnusuya
en-aut-sei=Debnath
en-aut-mei=Anusuya
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnoAyumu
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Ayumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=cholera
kn-keyword=cholera
en-keyword=outbreak
kn-keyword=outbreak
en-keyword=water supply
kn-keyword=water supply
en-keyword=open defecation
kn-keyword=open defecation
en-keyword=sewage
kn-keyword=sewage
en-keyword=household
kn-keyword=household
en-keyword=food
kn-keyword=food
en-keyword=close contact
kn-keyword=close contact
en-keyword=behavioral changes
kn-keyword=behavioral changes
en-keyword=India
kn-keyword=India
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=12
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=726273
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2021
dt-pub=20210820
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Virulence of Cholera Toxin Gene-Positive Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/non-O139 Strains Isolated From Environmental Water in Kolkata, India
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Cholera toxin (CT)-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cause acute diarrheal disease and are proven etiological agents of cholera epidemics and pandemics. On the other hand, V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 are designated as non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios and are not associated with epidemic cholera. The majority of NAG vibrios do not possess the gene for CT (ctx). In this study, we isolated three NAG strains (strains No. 1, 2, and 3) with ctx from pond water in Kolkata, India, and examined their pathogenic properties. The enterotoxicity of the three NAG strains in vivo was examined using the rabbit ileal intestinal loop test. Strain No. 1 induced the accumulation of fluid in the loop, and the volume of fluid was reduced by simultaneous administration of anti-CT antiserum into the loop. The volume of fluid in the loop caused by strains No. 2 and 3 was small and undetectable, respectively. Then, we cultured these three strains in liquid medium in vitro at two temperatures, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and examined the amount of CT accumulated in the culture supernatant. CT was accumulated in the culture supernatant of strain No.1 when the strain was cultured at 25 degrees C, but that was low when cultured at 37 degrees C. The CT amount accumulated in the culture supernatants of the No. 2 and No. 3 strains was extremely low at both temperature under culture conditions examined. In order to clarify the virulence properties of these strains, genome sequences of the three strains were analyzed. The analysis showed that there was no noticeable difference among three isolates both in the genes for virulence factors and regulatory genes of ctx. However, vibrio seventh pandemic island-II (VSP-II) was retained in strain No. 1, but not in strains No. 2 or 3. Furthermore, it was revealed that the genotype of the B subunit of CT in strain No. 1 was type 1 and those of strains No. 2 and 3 were type 8. Histopathological examination showed the disappearance of villi in intestinal tissue exposed to strain No. 1. In addition, fluid accumulated in the loop due to the action of strain No. 1 had hemolytic activity. This indicated that strain No. 1 may possesses virulence factors to induce severe syndrome when the strain infects humans, and that some strains of NAG vibrio inhabiting pond water in Kolkata have already acquired virulence, which can cause illness in humans. There is a possibility that these virulent NAG vibrios, which have acquired genes encoding factors involved in virulence of V. cholerae O1, may emerge in various parts of the world and cause epidemics in the future.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo
en-aut-sei=Takahashi
en-aut-mei=Eizo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OchiSadayuki
en-aut-sei=Ochi
en-aut-mei=Sadayuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki
en-aut-sei=Mizuno
en-aut-mei=Tamaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MoritaDaichi
en-aut-sei=Morita
en-aut-mei=Daichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MoritaMasatomo
en-aut-sei=Morita
en-aut-mei=Masatomo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnishiMakoto
en-aut-sei=Ohnishi
en-aut-mei=Makoto
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KoleyHemanta
en-aut-sei=Koley
en-aut-mei=Hemanta
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DuttaMoumita
en-aut-sei=Dutta
en-aut-mei=Moumita
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam
en-aut-sei=Chowdhury
en-aut-mei=Goutam
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K.
en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay
en-aut-mei=Asish K.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DuttaShanta
en-aut-sei=Dutta
en-aut-mei=Shanta
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-Ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-Ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=13
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=9
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=10
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=11
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=12
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=13
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
en-keyword=NAG Vibrio
kn-keyword=NAG Vibrio
en-keyword=cholera toxin
kn-keyword=cholera toxin
en-keyword=virulence
kn-keyword=virulence
en-keyword=environmental water
kn-keyword=environmental water
en-keyword=gene analysis
kn-keyword=gene analysis
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=43
cd-vols=
no-issue=8
article-no=
start-page=1288
end-page=1291
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2020
dt-pub=202008
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Low Viability of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Artificial Low Ionic Strength Aquatic Solution
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=It has been well known that Vibrio cholerae inhabit in environmental water. As many patients infected with cholera toxin-producing V. cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) emerge in Kolkata, India, it has been thought that toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is easily detected in environmental water in Kolkata. However, we could not isolate toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from environmental water in Kolkata, though NAG Vibrio (generic name of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139) is constantly detected. To clear the reason for the non-isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1, we examined the viability of V. cholera O1 and NAG Vibrios in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution. We found that the viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the solution is low, but that of NAG Vibrios is high. Subsequently, we examined the viability of NAG Vibrios possessing cholera toxin gene (ctx) in the same condition and found that the viability of these NAG Vibrios is low. These results indicate that the existence of ctx in V. cholerae affects the viability of V. cholerae in the aquatic solution used in this experiment. We thought that there was closely relation between the low viability of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the artificial low ionic strength aquatic solution and the low frequency of isolation of the strain from environmental water.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=PaulSubha Sankar
en-aut-sei=Paul
en-aut-mei=Subha Sankar
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo
en-aut-sei=Takahashi
en-aut-mei=Eizo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam
en-aut-sei=Chowdhury
en-aut-mei=Goutam
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MiyoshiShin-ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei=Shin-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki
en-aut-sei=Mizuno
en-aut-mei=Tamaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MukhopadhyayAsish K.
en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay
en-aut-mei=Asish K.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DuttaShanta
en-aut-sei=Dutta
en-aut-mei=Shanta
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
en-keyword=cholera toxin
kn-keyword=cholera toxin
en-keyword=aquatic solution
kn-keyword=aquatic solution
en-keyword=viability
kn-keyword=viability
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=64
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=435
end-page=444
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2020
dt-pub=20200328
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Genomic characterization of antibiotic resistance]encoding genes in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non]O1/non]O139 strains from Kolkata, India: generation of novel types of genomic islands containing plural antibiotic resistance genes
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Non]O1/non]O139 nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera]like diarrhea has been reported in Kolkata, India. However, the property involved in the pathogenicity of these strains has remained unclear. The character of 25 non]O1/non]O139 nontoxigenic V. cholerae isolated during 8 years from 2007 to 2014 in Kolkata was examined. Determination of the serogroup showed that the serogroups O6, O10, O35, O36, O39, and O70 were represented by two strains in each serogroup, and the remaining isolates belonged to different serogroups. To clarify the character of antibiotic resistance of these isolates, an antibiotic resistance test and the gene analysis were performed. According to antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing, 13 strains were classified as drug resistant. Among them, 10 strains were quinolone resistant and 6 of the 13 strains were resistant to more than three antibiotics. To define the genetic background of the antibiotic character of these strains, whole]genome sequences of these strains were determined. From the analysis of these sequences, it becomes clear that all quinolone resistance isolates have mutations in quinolone resistance]determining regions. Further research on the genome sequence showed that four strains possess Class 1 integrons in their genomes, and that three of the four integrons are found to be located in their genomic islands. These genomic islands are novel types. This indicates that various integrons containing drug resistance genes are spreading among V. cholerae non]O1/non]O139 strains through the action of newly generated genomic islands.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=MoritaDaichi
en-aut-sei=Morita
en-aut-mei=Daichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo
en-aut-sei=Takahashi
en-aut-mei=Eizo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MoritaMasatomo
en-aut-sei=Morita
en-aut-mei=Masatomo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnishiMakoto
en-aut-sei=Ohnishi
en-aut-mei=Makoto
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MizunoTamaki
en-aut-sei=Mizuno
en-aut-mei=Tamaki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=Miyoshi Shin]ichi
en-aut-sei=Miyoshi
en-aut-mei= Shin]ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=DuttaDevarati
en-aut-sei=Dutta
en-aut-mei=Devarati
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan
en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy
en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=ChowdhuryGoutam
en-aut-sei=Chowdhury
en-aut-mei=Goutam
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=Mukhopadhyay Asish K.
en-aut-sei=Mukhopadhyay
en-aut-mei= Asish K.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
kn-affil=
affil-num=9
en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=10
en-affil=Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
kn-affil=
affil-num=11
en-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=antibiotic resistance
kn-keyword=antibiotic resistance
en-keyword=diarrhea
kn-keyword=diarrhea
en-keyword=genome sequence
kn-keyword=genome sequence
en-keyword=genomic island
kn-keyword=genomic island
en-keyword=integron
kn-keyword=integron
en-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
kn-keyword=Vibrio cholerae
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=2
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=20100605
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Background: This study was conducted to determine the etiology of diarrhoea in a hospital setting in Kolkata. Active
surveillance was conducted for 2 years on two random days per week by enrolling every fifth diarrhoeal patient
admitted to the Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital in Kolkata.
Results: Most of the patients (76.1%) had acute watery diarrhoea in association with vomiting (77.7%) and some
dehydration (92%). Vibrio cholerae O1, Rotavirus and Giardia lamblia were the important causes of diarrhoea. Among
Shigella spp, S. flexneri 2a and 3a serotypes were most predominantly isolated. Enteric viruses, EPEC and EAEC were
common in children <5 year age group. Atypical EPEC was comparatively higher than the typical EPEC. Multidrug
resistance was common among V. cholerae O1 and Shigella spp including tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Polymicrobial
infections were common in all age groups and 27.9% of the diarrhoea patients had no potential pathogen.
Conclusions: Increase in V. cholerae O1 infection among <2 years age group, resistance of V. cholerae O1 to tetracycline,
rise of untypable S. flexnerii, higher proportion of atypical EPEC and G. lamblia and polymicrobial etiology are some of
the emerging trends observed in this diarrhoeal disease surveillance.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=NairGopinath Balakrish
en-aut-sei=Nair
en-aut-mei=Gopinath Balakrish
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan
en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy
en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=BhattacharyaMihir Kumar
en-aut-sei=Bhattacharya
en-aut-mei=Mihir Kumar
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KrishnanTriveni
en-aut-sei=Krishnan
en-aut-mei=Triveni
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=GangulySandipan
en-aut-sei=Ganguly
en-aut-mei=Sandipan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SahaDhira Rani
en-aut-sei=Saha
en-aut-mei=Dhira Rani
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=RajendranKrishnan
en-aut-sei=Rajendran
en-aut-mei=Krishnan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MannaByomkesh
en-aut-sei=Manna
en-aut-mei=Byomkesh
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=GhoshMrinmoy
en-aut-sei=Ghosh
en-aut-mei=Mrinmoy
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakedaYoshifumi
en-aut-sei=Takeda
en-aut-mei=Yoshifumi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)
affil-num=9
en-affil=
kn-affil=Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital
affil-num=10
en-affil=
kn-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=11
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=73
cd-vols=
no-issue=1-2
article-no=
start-page=59
end-page=66
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2003
dt-pub=200311
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Alternative methods to evaluate the protective ability of sunscreen against photo-genotoxicity
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Numerous epidemiological investigations show that sunlight is carcinogenic to humans and that the use of sunscreen may be effective in decreasing the risk of skin cancer. The biological activity of a sunscreen is evaluated by its ability to protect human skin from erythema as represented by a Sun Protection Factor (SPF). We propose that the sunscreen's protective effect against sunlight-induced genotoxicity, including mutation, should also be taken into account. In this study we examined the protective ability of sunscreens against natural sunlight and UV-induced genotoxicity in Drosophila somatic cells. We prepared three kinds of sunscreen samples, each with an SPF value of 20, 40 or 60 and compared their protective activities with commercial sunscreens. When a sunscreen of SPF 20, 40 or 60 was pasted on the plastic cover of a petri dish in which Drosophila larvae were exposed to the sun or UV lamps, genotoxicity decreased as the SPF of the sunscreen increased, relative to levels of genotoxicity observed in samples without sunscreen. However, the protective abilities of sunscreens were unexpectedly not so different from each other. To reveal the relationship between the protective activity of sunscreen and the wavelength of light with which larvae were irradiated through the sunscreen, we measured the transmittance of light through the petri dish cover on which the sunscreen was pasted. Effective protection was demonstrated by removing components of light whose wavelengths were below 315 nm. We suggest, that the measurement of anti-genotoxic activity and the determination of the wavelengths of light transmitted through the sunscreen should be an alternative method for evaluating the effectiveness of a sunscreen.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=ToyoshimaMegumi
en-aut-sei=Toyoshima
en-aut-mei=Megumi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HosodaKanako
en-aut-sei=Hosoda
en-aut-mei=Kanako
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HanamuraMiho
en-aut-sei=Hanamura
en-aut-mei=Miho
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KobayashiHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NegishiTomoe
en-aut-sei=Negishi
en-aut-mei=Tomoe
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Shiseido Research Center
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
en-keyword=sunscreen
kn-keyword=sunscreen
en-keyword=sunlight
kn-keyword=sunlight
en-keyword=UVB
kn-keyword=UVB
en-keyword=somatic cell mutation
kn-keyword=somatic cell mutation
en-keyword=genotoxicity
kn-keyword=genotoxicity
en-keyword=transmittance
kn-keyword=transmittance
en-keyword=Drosophila melanogaster
kn-keyword=Drosophila melanogaster
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=62
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=363
end-page=371
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2008
dt-pub=200812
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Toxin Production by Aeromonas sobria in Natural Environments: River Water vs. Seawater
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Aeromonas are water-borne pathogens. They are halotolerant, which means that they can survive in environments whose salt content corresponds to that of seawater (3.0% NaCl). However, the presence of Aeromonas in seawater is extremely rare compared with that in river water. In this study, we tested the ability of Aeromonas sobria to produce toxins in river water and seawater. First, we cultured
A. sobria on skim milk agar plates supplemented with either river water (SARW) or seawater (SASW). The bacteria grew on both plates. A clear zone around the bacteria was generated in SARW. However, such a zone was not observed in SASW, suggesting that proteases were not generated in SASW. Subsequently, we cultured A. sobria in a nutrient broth supplemented with either river water (NRW) or with seawater (NSW), and examined the protease activity of their culture supernatants. The protease activity of the culture supernatant from NSW was extremely low compared to that from NRW. The immunoblotting analysis showed that serine protease (ASP) was not produced by the culture
in NSW. By contrast, aerolysin-like hemolysin was produced in all conditions examined in this study. This indicates that the salinity of water is deeply involved in the production of ASP by A. sobria.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=KhanRasel
en-aut-sei=Khan
en-aut-mei=Rasel
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakahashiEizo
en-aut-sei=Takahashi
en-aut-mei=Eizo
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NakuraHironori
en-aut-sei=Nakura
en-aut-mei=Hironori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AnsaruzzamanMohammad
en-aut-sei=Ansaruzzaman
en-aut-mei=Mohammad
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=BanikSukalyani
en-aut-sei=Banik
en-aut-mei=Sukalyani
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=RamamurthyThandavarayan
en-aut-sei=Ramamurthy
en-aut-mei=Thandavarayan
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkamotoKeinosuke
en-aut-sei=Okamoto
en-aut-mei=Keinosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR, B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh), Centre for Health and Population Research
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Laboratory of Protein Function, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
en-keyword=Aeromonas
kn-keyword=Aeromonas
en-keyword=water
kn-keyword=water
en-keyword=toxin
kn-keyword=toxin
en-keyword=salinity
kn-keyword=salinity
END