start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=226 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230316 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Monitoring the Milk Composition, Milk Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites of Jersey Cows throughout a Lactation Period en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study aimed to determine how milk composition, milk microbiota, and blood metabolites may change during the lactation period in Jersey cows. Milk and jugular blood samples were collected from eight healthy cows every other month from the beginning to the end of their lactation period. Samples of airborne dust were also collected to determine whether the cowshed microbiota could affect milk microbiota. Milk yield peaked in the first two months and gradually decreased as the lactation period progressed. Milk fat, protein, and solids-not-fat contents were low in the first month, and then increased during the middle and late lactation periods. In the first month, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), haptoglobin (Hp), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were elevated, and high abundances of Burkholderiaceae and Oxalobacteraceae were observed in milk and airborne dust microbiota. The finding that contamination of the environmental microbiota in milk was coupled with elevated plasma NEFA, Hp, and AST levels indicated that impaired metabolic function during the early lactation period may increase the invasion of opportunistic bacteria. This study can affirm the importance of feeding and cowshed management and should provide a helpful addition to improving Jersey cow farming. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=GathinjiPeter Kiiru en-aut-sei=Gathinji en-aut-mei=Peter Kiiru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YousofiZabiallah en-aut-sei=Yousofi en-aut-mei=Zabiallah kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkadaKarin en-aut-sei=Akada en-aut-mei=Karin kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WaliAjmal en-aut-sei=Wali en-aut-mei=Ajmal kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Animal Products Research Group, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Research Organization kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=airborne dust kn-keyword=airborne dust en-keyword=blood metabolites kn-keyword=blood metabolites en-keyword=Jersey cows kn-keyword=Jersey cows en-keyword=microbiota kn-keyword=microbiota en-keyword=milk kn-keyword=milk END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=10 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211229 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of Guinea Grass Silage Shows Various Levels of Acetic Acid Fermentation en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study aimed to gain insights into the bacterial and fungal microbiota associated with the acetic acid fermentation of tropical grass silage. Direct-cut (DC, 170 g dry matter [DM]/kg) and wilted (WT, 323 g DM/kg) guinea grass were stored in a laboratory silo at moderate (25 degrees C) and high (40 degrees C) temperatures. Bacterial and fungal microbiota were assessed at 3 days, 1 month, and 2 months after ensiling. Lactic acid was the primary fermentation product during the initial ensiling period, and a high Lactococcus abundance (19.7-39.7%) was found in DC silage. After two months, the lactic acid content was reduced to a negligible level, and large amounts of acetic acid, butyric acid, and ethanol were found in the DC silage stored at 25 degrees C. The lactic acid reduction and acetic acid increase were suppressed in the DC silage stored at 40 degrees C. Increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Wallemia, as well as decreased abundances of Saitozyma, Papiliotrema, and Sporobolomyces were observed in DC silages from day three to the end of the 2 month period. Wilting suppressed acid production, and lactic and acetic acids were found at similar levels in WT silages, regardless of the temperature and storage period. The abundance of Lactobacillus (1.72-8.64%) was lower in WT than in DC silages. The unclassified Enterobacteriaceae were the most prevalent bacteria in DC (38.1-64.9%) and WT (50.9-76.3%) silages, and their abundance was negatively related to the acetic acid content. Network analysis indicated that Lactobacillus was involved in enhanced acetic acid fermentation in guinea grass silage. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HouJianjian en-aut-sei=Hou en-aut-mei=Jianjian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=bacteria kn-keyword=bacteria en-keyword=fungi kn-keyword=fungi en-keyword=silage kn-keyword=silage en-keyword=storage temperature kn-keyword=storage temperature en-keyword=tropical grass kn-keyword=tropical grass END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=1 end-page=12 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210114 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cecum microbiota in rats fed soy, milk, meat, fish, and egg proteins with prebiotic oligosaccharides en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Diet is considered the most influential factor in modulating the gut microbiota but how dietary protein sources differ in their modulatory effects is not well understood. In this study, soy, meat (mixture of beef and pork), and fish proteins (experiment 1) and soy, milk (casein), and egg proteins (experiment 2) were fed to rats with cellulose (CEL) and raffinose (RAF); the microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid concentration in the cecum were determined. Egg protein feeding decreased the concentration of acetic acid and the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. RAF feeding increased the concentrations of acetic and propionic acids and decreased the richness and diversity of the cecum microbiota. When fed with CEL, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae and Tannerellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae enhanced with soy protein, meat and fish proteins, and egg protein, respectively. The effects of dietary proteins diminished with RAF feeding and the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lachnospiraceae increased and that of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae decreased regardless of the protein source. These results indicate that, although the effect of prebiotics is more robust and distinctive, dietary protein sources may influence the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota. The stimulatory effects of soy, meat, and egg proteins on Christensenellaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae deserve further examination to better elucidate the dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SivixaySouliphone en-aut-sei=Sivixay en-aut-mei=Souliphone kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BaiGaowa en-aut-sei=Bai en-aut-mei=Gaowa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsurutaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Tsuruta en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=diet kn-keyword=diet en-keyword=gut kn-keyword=gut en-keyword=microbiota kn-keyword=microbiota en-keyword=protein kn-keyword=protein en-keyword=prebiotics kn-keyword=prebiotics END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue=9 article-no= start-page=1334 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200901 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota Associated with the Ensiling of Wet Soybean Curd Residue under Prompt and Delayed Sealing Conditions en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Wet soybean curd residue (SCR) obtained from two tofu factories (F1 and F2) was anaerobically stored with or without added beet pulp (BP). Sealing was performed on the day of tofu production (prompt sealing (PS)) or 2 days after SCR was piled and unprocessed (delayed sealing (DS)). Predominant lactic acid fermentation was observed regardless of the sealing time and BP addition.Acinetobacterspp. were the most abundant (>67%) bacteria in pre-ensiled SCR, regardless of the factory and sealing time. In PS silage, the abundances of typical lactic acid-producing bacteria, such asLactobacillus,Pediococcus, andStreptococcusspp. reached >50%. In DS silage,Acinetobacterspp. were the most abundant in F1 products, whereasBacillusspp. were the most abundant in long-stored F2 products. The fungal microbiota were highly diverse. AlthoughCandida,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Hannaella, andWallemiaspp. were found to be the most abundant fungal microbiota, no specific genera were associated with factory, sealing time, or fermentation products. These results indicated that owing to preceding processing, including heating, distinctive microbiota may have participated in the ensiling of wet by-products. Lactic acid fermentation was observed even in DS silage, and an association ofBacillusspp. was suggested. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WaliAjmal en-aut-sei=Wali en-aut-mei=Ajmal kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=amplicon sequencing kn-keyword=amplicon sequencing en-keyword=bacteria kn-keyword=bacteria en-keyword=fungi kn-keyword=fungi en-keyword=silage kn-keyword=silage en-keyword=soybean curd residue kn-keyword=soybean curd residue END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=188 end-page=196 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=2020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Cyclic nigerosylnigerose ameliorates DSS-induced colitis with restoration of goblet cell number and increase in IgA reactivity against gut microbiota in mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic oligosaccharide. Oral administration of CNN promotes immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in the gut. IgA is a major antibody secreted into the gut and plays a crucial role in suppressing gut inflammation due to commensal gut microbiota. To investigate the effect of administration of CNN to promote IgA secretion on gut inflammation, experimental colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Balb/c mice after 6 weeks of CNN pre-feeding. The severity of colitis was evaluated based on a disease activity index (DAI), the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, and a histological examination. The CNN-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis (CNN-DSS group) showed significantly lower DAI scores and mRNA levels of interleukin-1 compared with the CNN-untreated mice with DSS-induced colitis (DSS group). Histological examination of the colon revealed that the pathological score was significantly lower in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group due to the reduced infiltration of immune cells. The number of goblet cells was significantly higher in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group. The IgA concentration and the ratio of microbiota coated with IgA were evaluated in the cecal content. Although there was no difference in the IgA concentration among groups, a higher proportion of cecal microbiota were coated with IgA in the CNN-DSS group compared with that in the DSS group. These results suggest that CNN might preserve goblet cells in the colon and promote IgA coating of gut microbiota, which synergistically ameliorate gut inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TsurutaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Tsuruta en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsumataEmiko en-aut-sei=Katsumata en-aut-mei=Emiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MizoteAkiko en-aut-sei=Mizote en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=JianHou Jian en-aut-sei=Jian en-aut-mei=Hou Jian kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MuhomahTeresia Aluoch en-aut-sei=Muhomah en-aut-mei=Teresia Aluoch kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Hayashibara Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=oligosaccharide kn-keyword=oligosaccharide en-keyword=DSS-induced colitis kn-keyword=DSS-induced colitis en-keyword=goblet cell kn-keyword=goblet cell en-keyword=gut microbiota kn-keyword=gut microbiota en-keyword=immunoglobulin A kn-keyword=immunoglobulin A END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=33 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=1858 end-page=1865 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191224 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=An investigation of seasonal variations in the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objective
The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota.
Methods
We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter.
Results
The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota.
Conclusion
Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenThuong Thi en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Thuong Thi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=WuHaoming en-aut-sei=Wu en-aut-mei=Haoming kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Cowshed kn-keyword=Cowshed en-keyword=Dairy Cow kn-keyword=Dairy Cow en-keyword=Microbiota kn-keyword=Microbiota en-keyword=Milk kn-keyword=Milk en-keyword=Season kn-keyword=Season END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=1007 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191121 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Relationship between Uterine, Fecal, Bedding, and Airborne Dust Microbiota from Dairy Cows and Their Environment: A Pilot Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Simple Summary After calving, dairy cows face the risk of negative energy balance, inflammation, and immunosuppression, which may result in bacterial infection and disruption of the normal microbiota, thus encouraging the development of metritis and endometritis. This study characterized uterine, fecal, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota from postpartum dairy cows and their environment during summer and winter. The results clarify the importance of microbiota in cowshed environments, i.e., bedding and airborne dust, in understanding the postpartum uterine microbiota of dairy cows.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize uterine, fecal, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota from postpartum dairy cows and their environment. The cows were managed by the free-stall housing system, and samples for microbiota and serum metabolite assessment were collected during summer and winter when the cows were at one and two months postpartum. Uterine microbiota varied between seasons; the five most prevalent taxa were Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Clostridiaceae during winter. Although Actinomycetaceae and Mycoplasmataceae were detected at high abundance in several uterine samples, the relationship between the uterine microbiota and serum metabolite concentrations was unclear. The fecal microbiota was stable regardless of the season, whereas bedding and airborne dust microbiota varied between summer and winter. With regards to uterine, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae were more abundant during winter. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates confirmed the relationship between uterine and cowshed microbiota. These results indicated that the uterine microbiota may vary when the microbiota in cowshed environments changes. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=NguyenThuong T. en-aut-sei=Nguyen en-aut-mei=Thuong T. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyakeAyumi en-aut-sei=Miyake en-aut-mei=Ayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TranTu T. M. en-aut-sei=Tran en-aut-mei=Tu T. M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsurutaTakeshi en-aut-sei=Tsuruta en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama Prefecture Livestock Research Institute kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Tien Giang University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=cowshed kn-keyword=cowshed en-keyword=environment kn-keyword=environment en-keyword=microbiota kn-keyword=microbiota en-keyword=uterus kn-keyword=uterus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=91 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=2380 end-page=2387 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=20080626 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Ensiling of soybean curd residue and wet brewers grains with or without other feeds as a total mixed ration en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Wet brewers grains and soybean curd residue were stored in laboratory-scale silos without (BG and SC silages, respectively) or with other ingredients as total mixed rations (BGT and SCT silages, respectively). Silages were opened after 14 and 56 d, and microbial counts, fermentation products, and aerobic stability were determined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to examine bacterial communities, and several bacteria that appeared to be involved in fermentation were identified. Lactic acid content was greater in SCT than in BGT silage, but lower in SC than in BG silage. Ethanol content was greater in BG than in SC regardless of silage type. Aerobic deterioration occurred promptly in ensiling materials (nonensiled by-products and total mixed ration mixtures) and in silages stored alone; however, SCT and BGT silages resisted deterioration and no heating was found for more than 5.5 d regardless of storage period. Silages were stable even with high yeast populations at silo opening, whereas prolonged ensiling decreased yeast counts in the 2 total mixed ration silages. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles appeared similar between SCT and BGT silages but not between SC and BG silages. Weissella spp. and Lactobacillus brevis were common in aerobically stable SCT and BGT silages, and Lactobacillus buchneri was detected only in BGT silage. Both L. brevis and L. buchneri were found in silage but not in ensiling materials. Several other lactic acid bacteria were also identified in SCT and BGT silages, but did not appear to be related to fermentation and aerobic stability.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WangF. en-aut-sei=Wang en-aut-mei=F. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishinoNaoki en-aut-sei=Nishino en-aut-mei=Naoki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University en-keyword=by-product kn-keyword=by-product en-keyword=denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; silage kn-keyword=denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; silage en-keyword=total mixed ration kn-keyword=total mixed ration END