start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e74873 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241130 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Infective Endocarditis With Origin in Orbital Vascular Malformation and Maxillary Sinusitis: A Case Report and Review of Four Patients in the Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease and the early diagnosis is crucial for a better outcome. We report an old adult who developed infective endocarditis in association with new-onset maxillary sinusitis as well as proptosis, which was caused by an orbital mass lesion in the background of pre-existing orbital vascular malformation. A 74-year-old woman was found incidentally to have right orbital vascular (venous) malformation by head magnetic resonance imaging when she was hospitalized for left dorsal pontine infarction. No paranasal sinusitis was noted at that time. She was well until half a year later when she developed fatigue and appetite loss for two days. At the same time, she had proptosis on the right side but did not have a fever. Blood examinations showed leukocytosis and a marked increase of C-reactive protein to 22 mg/dL as well as a moderate increase of bilirubin and liver enzymes. Emergency computed tomography scans from the head to abdomen showed nothing to be noted except for maxillary sinusitis and a retrobulbar orbital mass on the right side, which was in the same location as pre-existing vascular malformation. She began to have empirical antibiotics suspected of infective endocarditis. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic lesions in the right parietal lobe. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed mitral valve regurgitation but no apparent vegetation. Streptococcus anginosus was detected by blood culture and the antibiotics were switched to intravenous penicillin G for 32 days. She was discharged in healthy condition with no proptosis. The orbital vascular malformation might serve as a route for infective endocarditis with the infectious origin in maxillary sinusitis. Maxillary sinusitis would be a predisposing factor for the development of infective endocarditis, and proptosis caused by an infectious focus of abnormal vascular channels in the orbit would lead to the early diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The present patient is unique in showing infective endocarditis in association with orbital vascular malformation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IwamotoYoshitaka en-aut-sei=Iwamoto en-aut-mei=Yoshitaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkamotoHironori en-aut-sei=Okamoto en-aut-mei=Hironori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiDaisuke en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Medical Center, National Hospital Organization kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of General Internal Medicine, Okayama Medical Center, National Hospital Organization kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=infective endocarditis kn-keyword=infective endocarditis en-keyword=maxillary sinusitis kn-keyword=maxillary sinusitis en-keyword=ocular proptosis kn-keyword=ocular proptosis en-keyword=orbital vascular malformation kn-keyword=orbital vascular malformation en-keyword=streptococcus anginosus kn-keyword=streptococcus anginosus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e73775 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241115 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Axillary Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Likely Due to Unicentric Castleman Disease, and the Concurrent Presence of Orbital Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Castleman disease is a lymphadenopathy of unknown cause at a single site, which is designated as unicentric Castleman disease, or at multiple sites designated as multicentric Castleman disease. We present a patient who showed axillary reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, likely due to unicentric Castleman disease, and orbital extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a six-year follow-up. A 76-year-old man had a painless left axillary mass for an unknown period and also left complete blepharoptosis with no other systemic symptoms. Suspected of lymphoma, iliac bone marrow biopsy showed no anomalous cells, and positron emission tomography demonstrated abnormal uptake at the left axilla and in the left superior anterior orbit. Incisional biopsy of the left axillary mass demonstrated hyperplastic lymphoid follicles with an atrophic germinal center and prominent small vessels in the follicular center, indicative of unicentric Castleman disease. One year later, annual follow-up positron emission tomography disclosed a high uptake site, next to the previously-identified cyst, in the pancreatic body. Trans-gastric fine needle pancreatic biopsy proved adenocarcinoma and he underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with jejunal anastomosis. He was well for six months after the surgery and thus, underwent resection of the left orbital lesion at 78 years old. The pathology of the orbital lesion showed ambiguous nodular structure with massive infiltration with CD20-positive medium-sized lymphoid cells which were κ monotype in immunoglobulin light chain restriction, indicative of MALT lymphoma. In the four-year period of the COVID-19 pandemic, he was healthy and followed with no treatment until the age of 82 years when he underwent radiation (46 Gy) to the left axillary lesion which did not regress. He then underwent eyelid levator muscle plication for left blepharoptosis since the left orbital lesion remained unpalpable. The six-year follow-up showed that concurrent and independent orbital MALT lymphoma and axillary reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, likely due to unicentric Castleman disease, were both stable. The present case illustrates how important it is to make pathological diagnoses in different anatomical lesions after the initial diagnosis of Castleman disease. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiTomokazu en-aut-sei=Fuji en-aut-mei=Tomokazu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=EnnishiDaisuke en-aut-sei=Ennishi en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=blepharoptosis kn-keyword=blepharoptosis en-keyword=castleman disease kn-keyword=castleman disease en-keyword=extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma kn-keyword=extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma en-keyword=pancreatic cancer kn-keyword=pancreatic cancer en-keyword=radiation kn-keyword=radiation en-keyword=reactive lymphoid hyperplasia kn-keyword=reactive lymphoid hyperplasia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=359 end-page=366 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202411 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intravitreal Fluconazole Injection for Fungal Endophthalmitis as Treatment Option in a Patient With End-Stage Liver and Kidney Diseases en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Endogenous endophthalmitis is an infectious disease of the intraocular tissue that is a consequence of bloodstream infection. The efficacy of intravitreal fluconazole injection to assist low-dose oral fluconazole in fungal endophthalmitis remains unknown in older adults with advanced liver and renal disease. In this case report, a 78-year-old man with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who also had end-stage renal disease with temporary nephrostomy noticed blurred vision and showed a large retinal infiltrate with vitreous opacity in the right eye. In the clinical diagnosis of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, he had an intravitreal injection of 0.1% fluconazole in 0.2 - 0.3 mL every 2 weeks four times in total, in addition to a minimum dose of oral fluconazole. One month before the ophthalmic presentation, he developed a fever and computed tomography scan showed ureterolithiasis with hydronephrosis on the right side, indicating that the renal pelvic stone fell into the ureter. He underwent nephrostomy tube insertion on the right side in the diagnosis of obstructive urinary tract infection. In the course, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of the urine sediments which were obtained from the nephrostomy tube showed yeast-like fungi, suggestive of Candida, 1 week before the development of eye symptoms. One week after the ophthalmic presentation, the nephrostomy tube at 14 Fr (French gauge) which had been inserted 1 month previously was replaced with a new tube with a larger size at 16 Fr because urine excretion from the tube was reduced. Immediately after the exchange of the nephrostomy tube, a large volume of urine was excreted from the tube. In a week, he had no systemic symptoms and serum C-reactive protein became low. In the meantime, the retinal infiltrate became inactive and vitreous opacity resolved. Intravitreal fluconazole injection is a treatment option for fungal endophthalmitis in the case that a patient cannot undergo vitrectomy and cannot take a maximum dose of fluconazole because of poor renal function. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiYasuyuki en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraShingo en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Shingo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshiokaNaoko en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Naoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiYasushi en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiYasutaka en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Yasutaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Urology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Urology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=Fungal endophthalmitis kn-keyword=Fungal endophthalmitis en-keyword=Intravitreal injection kn-keyword=Intravitreal injection en-keyword=Fluconazole kn-keyword=Fluconazole en-keyword=Nephrostomy kn-keyword=Nephrostomy en-keyword=Urinary tract infection kn-keyword=Urinary tract infection en-keyword=Ureterolithiasis kn-keyword=Ureterolithiasis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=10 article-no= start-page=e70865 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20241004 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Presumed Choroidopathy of IgG4-Related Disease Discovered During 16-Year Follow-Up of a Patient With Polycystic Kidney Disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is characterized by infiltration with IgG4-producing plasma cells in different organs and the elevation of serum IgG4. We present a patient with polycystic kidney disease in long-term follow-up who developed bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement and presumed IgG4-related choroidopathy at different time points. A 45-year-old woman developed bilateral upper eyelid swelling. Head MRI showed bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement, and the resection on both sides revealed foci of infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells in bilateral lacrimal glands. The IgG4-immunostaining did not satisfy the diagnostic criteria. She had been taking oral valsartan 40 mg daily for hypertension with polycystic kidney disease.

The patient was well until the age of 49 years, when she noticed yellowish vision in the right eye compared to the left eye. The right eye showed multiple yellowish spotty lesions in the deep retina to choroid with a mildly hyperemic optic disc, while the left eye showed the normal fundus. No inflammation was noted in the anterior segments of both eyes. Fundus angiography demonstrated early-phase no-filling with late-phase leakage by fluorescein dye and both early-phase and late-phase no-filling by indocyanine green dye, leading to the diagnosis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE). She began to have oral prednisolone tapered from 30 mg daily and discontinued in a year. At the age of 52 years, she switched to candesartan 8 mg daily and began to have tolvaptan (a selective competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist) 90 mg daily for polycystic kidney disease with liver cysts. At that time, the lesions in the right eye had mild degeneration.

The patient was followed once a year ophthalmologically to maintain good vision. At 57 years, serum IgG4, which was measured for the first time on suspicion of IgG4-related disease, was elevated to 269.6 mg/dL. In the following four years to the latest visit at 61 years, she kept stable but high levels of serum IgG4 around 300 mg/dL. Serum IgG4 measurement is helpful to make a clinical diagnosis and, hence, a clinical decision since the spectrum of IgG4-related disease remains obscure. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsujiKenji en-aut-sei=Tsuji en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Nephrology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy kn-keyword=acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy en-keyword=choroidopathy kn-keyword=choroidopathy en-keyword=uveitis kn-keyword=uveitis en-keyword=lacrimal gland tumor kn-keyword=lacrimal gland tumor en-keyword=igg4-related disease kn-keyword=igg4-related disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=24 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=341 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240813 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pathological findings in enucleated eyes of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: report of a case with 15-year follow-up and review of 14 patients in the literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Backgrounds Iris nodules are frequently noted as clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 but the other intraocular manifestations are rare. The purpose of this study is to present a patient with a phthisic eye who underwent enucleation for a cosmetic reason after 15-year follow-up and also to review 14 patients with enucleation described in the literature.
Case presentation A 17-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 from infancy underwent the enucleation of phthisic left eye and also had the resection of eyelid subcutaneous mass lesions on the left side for a cosmetic reason. He had undergone four-time preceding surgeries for eyelid and orbital mass reduction on the left side in childhood and had developed total retinal detachment 10 years previously. Pathologically, the enucleated eye showed massive retinal gliosis positive for both S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the area with involvement of the detached retinal neuronal layer, together with a more fibrotic lesion along the choroid which were, in contrast, negative for both S-100 and GFAP. The choroid, ciliary body, and iris did not show apparent neurofibroma while episcleral neurofibroma was present.
Literature review In review of enucleated eyes of 14 patients in the literature, buphthalmic eyes with early-onset glaucoma on the unilateral side was clinically diagnosed in 9 patients who frequently showed varying extent of hemifacial neurofibromatosis which involved the eyelid and orbit on the same side. Pathologically, neurofibromas in varying extent were found in the choroid of 12 patients. One patient showed choroidal malignant melanoma on the left side and fusiform enlargement of the optic nerve on the right side suspected of optic nerve glioma. The phthisic eye in another patient showed massive retinal gliosis similar to the present patient.
Conclusions In summary of the 15 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, including the present patient, buphthalmic or phthisic eyes with no vision were enucleated for cosmetic reasons and showed choroidal neurofibroma in most patients and massive retinal gliosis in two patients including the present patient. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishidaKenji en-aut-sei=Nishida en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=SenoTakaya en-aut-sei=Seno en-aut-mei=Takaya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoShigeki en-aut-sei=Ono en-aut-mei=Shigeki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Neurological Surgery, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= en-keyword=Neurofibromatosis type 1 kn-keyword=Neurofibromatosis type 1 en-keyword=Enucleation kn-keyword=Enucleation en-keyword=Eye kn-keyword=Eye en-keyword=Pathology kn-keyword=Pathology en-keyword=Massive retinal gliosis kn-keyword=Massive retinal gliosis en-keyword=Choroidal neurofibroma kn-keyword=Choroidal neurofibroma en-keyword=Phthisis kn-keyword=Phthisis en-keyword=Buphthalmos kn-keyword=Buphthalmos en-keyword=Malignant melanoma kn-keyword=Malignant melanoma en-keyword=Cosmetic surgery kn-keyword=Cosmetic surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=15 cd-vols= no-issue=8 article-no= start-page=208 end-page=214 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202408 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Anterior Uveitis After Discontinuation of Janus Kinase Inhibitor, Ruxolitinib en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Primary myelofibrosis shows widespread fibrosis in the bone marrow and is part of myeloproliferative neoplasms in which gene mutations in hematopoietic stem cells lead to abnormal clonal expansion of one or more lineage of myeloid and erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are the main therapeutic regimen for primary myelofibrosis which harbors gene mutations, resulting in continuous activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Since JAK inhibitors modulate immunological state, the administration would have a potential for uveitis. A 67-year-old patient presented with weight loss of 10 kg in the past 2 years after his retirement. He showed normocytic anemia with anisocytosis and abnormal shape, as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Suspected of hematological malignancy, bone marrow biopsy led to the diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis (grade 2) with bizarre megakaryocytes and relative maintenance of myeloid and erythroid lineage. He started to have blood transfusion. Genomic DNA analysis of the peripheral blood showed a pathogenic variant in the exon 9 of calreticulin (CALR) gene while pathogenic variants in Janus kinase-2 (JAK2), and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL) were absent. He began to have oral ruxolitinib 10 mg daily at the timepoint of 5 months after the initial visit and the dose was increased to 20 mg daily 8 months later but was discontinued further 4 months later because he showed the limited effect of ruxolitinib. He had blood transfusion every week or every 2 weeks in the following 2 months until he noticed blurred vision in the right eye. The right eye showed thick fibrin membrane formation in the anterior chamber in front of the pupil which prevented the fundus from visualization. The left eye showed no inflammation and optic nerve atrophy, sequel to tuberculous meningitis in childhood. The patient started to use 0.1% betamethasone six times daily and 1% atropine once daily as eye drops. A week later, fibrin membrane disappeared and the pupillary area with total iris posterior synechia was visible in the right eye. He regained the vision in the right eye and did not show relapse of uveitis only with topical 0.1% betamethasone. Uveitis might be related with the administration and discontinuation of ruxolitinib. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaNaoto en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Naoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MonobeYasumasa en-aut-sei=Monobe en-aut-mei=Yasumasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Kaneda Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Janus kinase inhibitor kn-keyword=Janus kinase inhibitor en-keyword=Ruxolitinib kn-keyword=Ruxolitinib en-keyword=Anemia kn-keyword=Anemia en-keyword=Myelofibrosis kn-keyword=Myelofibrosis en-keyword=Anterior uveitis kn-keyword=Anterior uveitis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=25 cd-vols= no-issue=13 article-no= start-page=6986 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240626 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genome-Wide Association Study with Three Control Cohorts of Japanese Patients with Esotropia and Exotropia of Comitant Strabismus and Idiopathic Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Esotropia and exotropia in the entity of comitant strabismus are multifactorial diseases with both genetic and environmental backgrounds. Idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy, as the predominant entity of non-comitant (paralytic) strabismus, also has a genetic background, as evidenced by varying degrees of muscle hypoplasia. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted of 711 Japanese patients with esotropia (n= 253), exotropia (n = 356), and idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy (n = 102). The genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by Infinium Asian Screening Array. Three control cohorts from the Japanese population were used: two cohorts from BioBank Japan (BBJ) and the Nagahama Cohort. BBJ (180K) was genotyped by a different array, Illumina Infinium OmniExpressExome or HumanOmniExpress, while BBJ (ASA) and the Nagahama Cohort were genotyped by the same Asian array. After quality control of SNPs and individuals, common SNPs between the case cohort and the control cohort were chosen in the condition of genotyping by different arrays, while all SNPs genotyped by the same array were used for SNP imputation. The SNPs imputed with R-square values ? 0.3 were used to compare the case cohort of each entity or the combined entity with the control cohort. In comparison with BBJ (180K), the esotropia group and the exotropia group showed CDCA7 and HLA-F, respectively, as candidate genes at a significant level of p < 5 × 10?8, while the idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy group showed DAB1 as a candidate gene which is involved in neuronal migration. DAB1 was also detected as a candidate in comparison with BBJ (ASA) and the Nagahama Cohort at a weak level of significance of p < 1 × 10?6. In comparison with BBJ (180K), RARB (retinoic acid receptor-β) was detected as a candidate at a significant level of p < 5 × 10?8 in the combined group of esotropia, exotropia, and idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy. In conclusion, a series of GWASs with three different control cohorts would be an effective method with which to search for candidate genes for multifactorial diseases such as strabismus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamataniYoichiro en-aut-sei=Kamatani en-aut-mei=Yoichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaguchiTakahisa en-aut-sei=Kawaguchi en-aut-mei=Takahisa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaguchiIzumi en-aut-sei=Yamaguchi en-aut-mei=Izumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsudaFumihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuda en-aut-mei=Fumihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoAkira en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakazonoKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Nakazono en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamitsujiShigeo en-aut-sei=Kamitsuji en-aut-mei=Shigeo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=StaGen Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=StaGen Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=StaGen Co., Ltd. kn-affil= en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=superior oblique muscle palsy kn-keyword=superior oblique muscle palsy en-keyword=genome-wide association study kn-keyword=genome-wide association study en-keyword=comitant strabismus kn-keyword=comitant strabismus en-keyword=non-comitant strabismus kn-keyword=non-comitant strabismus en-keyword=Japanese population kn-keyword=Japanese population en-keyword=BioBank Japan kn-keyword=BioBank Japan en-keyword=Nagahama Cohort kn-keyword=Nagahama Cohort en-keyword=Asian array kn-keyword=Asian array END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=64 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=86 end-page=96 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=2024 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Spontaneous regression and rare relapse after excisional biopsy in long-term observation of 31 patients with primary conjunctival lymphoma en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To elucidate long-term outcome in primary conjunctival lymphoma, a review was conducted of 31 consecutive patients: 21 men and 10 women with an age range of 28 to 85 (median, 61) years at presentation and follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 19 (median, 7) years. Conjunctival lymphoma was on the right side in 10 patients, on the left side in 12, and on both sides in 9. Upper, lower, or both fornix lesions in 28 patients were all diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), while thick nasal bulbar conjunctival lesions in 3 patients were differently diagnosed as MALT lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma, respectively. Seven patients underwent local radiation (30 Gy): as initial treatment in 5 patients and treatment for relapse in 2 patients. The remaining 24 patients were observed without additional treatment after excisional biopsy: 5 of these 24 patients showed relapse 0.5 to 6 years later and underwent excisional biopsy again that revealed MALT lymphoma. Of the 5 patients with relapse, only one with second-time relapse underwent radiation. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed in 18 patients and showed no systemic lesions: high uptake was noted in the residual conjunctival lesions of 4 patients and in the relapsed conjunctival lesions of 3 patients. One patient died of rectal cancer while no patients died of lymphoma. Observation is an option in patients with primary conjunctival lymphoma after excisional biopsy. Radiation is a treatment option in the case of relapse. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword= conjunctival lymphoma kn-keyword= conjunctival lymphoma en-keyword=extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) kn-keyword=extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) en-keyword=follicular lymphoma kn-keyword=follicular lymphoma en-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma kn-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma en-keyword=fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) kn-keyword=fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=e8933 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202405 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Decades of stability of conjunctival vascular malformations in two patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 65-year-old woman with diabetic retinopathy underwent glaucoma surgery to construct a filtering bleb adjacent to conjunctival hemangioma, and showed bleb function and stable hemangioma for a decade. A 1.5-year-old girl with right eye lid and cheek swelling by orbital to facial lymphangioma was followed for visual acuity development. Conjunctival lymphangioma was stable in 20?years. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KimataYoshihiro en-aut-sei=Kimata en-aut-mei=Yoshihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=hemangioma kn-keyword=hemangioma en-keyword=lymphangioma kn-keyword=lymphangioma en-keyword=lymphatic malformation kn-keyword=lymphatic malformation en-keyword=pathology kn-keyword=pathology en-keyword=trabeculectomy kn-keyword=trabeculectomy en-keyword=vascular malformation kn-keyword=vascular malformation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240319 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pericardial Effusion in Association With Periodontitis: Case Report and Review of 8 Patients in Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Periodontal diseases are well-known background for infective endocarditis. Here, we show that pericardial effusion or pericarditis might have origin also in periodontal diseases. An 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and diabetes mellitus developed asymptomatic increase in pericardial effusion. Two weeks previously, he took oral new quinolone antibiotics for a week because he had painful periodontitis along a dental bridge in the mandibular teeth on the right side and presented cheek swelling. The sputum was positive for Streptococcus species. He was healthy and had a small volume of pericardial effusion for the previous 5 years after drug-eluting coronary stents were inserted at the left anterior descending branch 10 years previously. The differential diagnoses listed for pericardial effusion were infection including tuberculosis, autoimmune diseases, and metastatic malignancy. Thoracic to pelvic computed tomographic scan demonstrated no mass lesions, except for pericardial effusion and a small volume of pleural effusion on the left side. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography disclosed many spotty uptakes in the pericardial effusion. The patient denied pericardiocentesis, based on his evaluation of the risk of the procedure. He was thus discharged in several days and followed at outpatient clinic. He underwent dental treatment and pericardial effusion resolved completely in a month. He was healthy in 6 years until the last follow-up at the age of 92 years. We also reviewed 8 patients with pericarditis in association with periodontal diseases in the literature to reveal that periodontal diseases would be the background for developing infective pericarditis and also mediastinitis on some occasions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie Nakago en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie Nakago kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoNobuhiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Nobuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoriAyano en-aut-sei=Mori en-aut-mei=Ayano kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurakamiMasaaki en-aut-sei=Murakami en-aut-mei=Masaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ito en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Nagashima Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama Heart Clinic kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=pericardial effusion kn-keyword=pericardial effusion en-keyword=pericarditis kn-keyword=pericarditis en-keyword=periodontitis (periodontal disease) kn-keyword=periodontitis (periodontal disease) en-keyword=positron emission tomography kn-keyword=positron emission tomography en-keyword=Streptococcus kn-keyword=Streptococcus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=e8643 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240311 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in pregnancy: Case report and review of 32 patients in the literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 30-year-old woman in 31?weeks of pregnancy with metamorphopsia and headache was diagnosed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. She underwent steroid pulse therapy and oral prednisolone 20?mg daily for 3?weeks until complete resolution of serous retinal detachment monitored by optical coherence tomography. Oral prednisolone was tapered and discontinued until uneventful delivery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakahashiKasumi en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Kasumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoTsunemasa en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Tsunemasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=delivery kn-keyword=delivery en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=pregnancy kn-keyword=pregnancy en-keyword=steroid pulse therapy kn-keyword=steroid pulse therapy en-keyword=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease kn-keyword=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=370 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=20240205 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Morphometric Analysis of the Eye by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MGST2-Gene-Deficient Mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Strabismus, a neuro-ophthalmological condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes, is a common ophthalmic disorder affecting both children and adults. In our previous study, we identified the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2) gene as one of the potential candidates for comitant strabismus susceptibility in a Japanese population. The MGST2 gene belongs to the membrane-associated protein involved in the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators, and it is also found in the protection against oxidative stress by decreasing the reactivity of oxidized lipids. To look for the roles of the MGST2 gene in the development, eye alignment, and overall morphology of the eye as the possible background of strabismus, MGST2 gene knockout (KO) mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing with guide RNAs targeting the MGST2 exon 2. The ocular morphology of the KO mice was analyzed through high-resolution images obtained by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine for small animals. The morphometric analyses showed that the height, width, and volume of the eyeballs in MGST2 KO homozygous mice were significantly greater than those of wild-type mice, indicating that the eyes of MGST2 KO homozygous mice were significantly enlarged. There were no significant differences in the axis length and axis angle. These morphological changes may potentially contribute to the development of a subgroup of strabismus. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Chaomulige en-aut-sei=Chaomulige en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugimotoKohei en-aut-sei=Sugimoto en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajiMary en-aut-sei=Miyaji en-aut-mei=Mary kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UedaMasashi en-aut-sei=Ueda en-aut-mei=Masashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiRyosuke en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Ryosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=HoriiTakuro en-aut-sei=Horii en-aut-mei=Takuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=HatadaIzuho en-aut-sei=Hatada en-aut-mei=Izuho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Biofunctional Imaging Analysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University kn-affil= en-keyword=comitant strabismus kn-keyword=comitant strabismus en-keyword=MGST2 gene kn-keyword=MGST2 gene en-keyword=mouse models kn-keyword=mouse models en-keyword=genetics kn-keyword=genetics en-keyword=CRISPR/Cas9 kn-keyword=CRISPR/Cas9 en-keyword=PCR kn-keyword=PCR en-keyword=MRI kn-keyword=MRI en-keyword=eye morphology kn-keyword=eye morphology en-keyword=neuro-ophthalmology kn-keyword=neuro-ophthalmology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=12 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2024 dt-pub=202401 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Rare Combination of Abducens Nerve Palsy and Optic Neuritis on the Same Side: Case Report and Review of 8 Patients in Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The concurrent development of abducens nerve palsy and optic neuritis on the same side is rare. Here we presented an 82-year-old man who developed the combination of abducens nerve palsy and optic neuritis on the left side 2 months after the sixth inoculation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. In past history at 45 years old, he experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage and underwent surgery for the clipping of intracranial aneurysm. The patient had no systemic symptoms, such as general fatigue, fever, arthralgia, and skin rashes. Physical and neurological examinations were also unremarkable. Since the aneurysmal metal clip used at that time was not compatible with magnetic resonance imaging, he underwent computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head and showed no space-occupying lesion in the orbit, paranasal sinuses, and brain. As an old lesion, the anterior temporal lobe on the left side had low-density area with metallic artifact on the left side of the skull base, indicative of metal clipping. In 4 weeks of observation from the initial visit, he showed complete recovery of visual acuity and became capable of abducting the left eye in full degrees. We also reviewed 8 patients with the combination of abducens nerve palsy and optic neuritis in the literature to reveal that the combination of signs did occur in mild meningitis with rare infectious diseases and in association with preceding herpes zoster in the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. The course of the present patient suggested that the combination of signs might be vaccine-associated. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiDaisuke en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=COVID-19 mRNA vaccine kn-keyword=COVID-19 mRNA vaccine en-keyword=abducens nerve palsy kn-keyword=abducens nerve palsy en-keyword=optic neuritis kn-keyword=optic neuritis en-keyword=optical coherence tomography kn-keyword=optical coherence tomography en-keyword=neurology kn-keyword=neurology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=135 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=147 end-page=151 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Retinitis pigmentosa kn-title=網膜色素変性症 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院ヘルスシステム統合科学学域，岡山大学病院　眼科 en-keyword=網膜色素変性症 kn-keyword=網膜色素変性症 en-keyword=遺伝子パネル kn-keyword=遺伝子パネル en-keyword=人工網膜 kn-keyword=人工網膜 en-keyword=遺伝子治療 kn-keyword=遺伝子治療 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=e8364 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231221 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Nontuberculous mycobacterial abscess of lacrimal sac and eyelid debridement: Case report en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 56-year-old otherwise healthy woman developed abscess from dacryocystitis in the right lower eyelid. The smear of puncture fluid showed acid-fast bacilli and Mycobacterium abscessus was identified after a month. The early start of clarithromycin/ethambutol was switched to clarithromycin/levofloxacin. Debridement specimen after 7-month treatment showed granulomatous tissue with no bacilli. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadaKiyoshi en-aut-sei=Yamada en-aut-mei=Kiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoseMotoko en-aut-sei=Nose en-aut-mei=Motoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanimotoYasushi en-aut-sei=Tanimoto en-aut-mei=Yasushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=debridement kn-keyword=debridement en-keyword=eyelid kn-keyword=eyelid en-keyword=lacrimal sac kn-keyword=lacrimal sac en-keyword=Mycobacterium abscessus kn-keyword=Mycobacterium abscessus en-keyword=nontuberculous mycobacteria kn-keyword=nontuberculous mycobacteria END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e8248 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20231120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A simple method for culturing Acanthamoeba from soft contact lens at a clinical laboratory of a hospital: Case report of Acanthamoeba keratitis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 19-year-old woman with pain and injection in the right eye showed spotty corneal infiltration and radiating linear opacity. Suspicious of Acanthamoeba keratitis, corneal scraping, and the soft contact lens were sent to in-house clinical laboratory to culture successfully Acanthamoeba on Sabouraud dextrose agar plate painted with heat-treated dead bacilli. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoseMotoko en-aut-sei=Nose en-aut-mei=Motoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Clinical Laboratory, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=Acanthamoeba keratitis kn-keyword=Acanthamoeba keratitis en-keyword=clinical laboratory kn-keyword=clinical laboratory en-keyword=culture kn-keyword=culture en-keyword=Sabouraud dextrose agar plate kn-keyword=Sabouraud dextrose agar plate en-keyword=soft contact lens kn-keyword=soft contact lens END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=6 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230922 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Resection of Orbital Myxoma With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Ethmoid Sinus Origin: Case Report and Review of 20 Patients in the Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 41-year-old woman showed a palpable mass at the superonasal orbital edge on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a lobulated fluid-containing tubular mass which extended anteriorly to posteriorly along the medial orbital wall, nasal to the eyeball. She was followed once a year for 8 years until the age of 49 years when she decided to undergo surgical resection because of the enlarged mass. The lobulated large mass was resected and the pathology showed sparsely distributed spindle cells, positive for CD34, in alcian blue-positive mucous substances, indicative of myxoma. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed residual lobulated tubular mass along the optic nerve on the medial side and superior to the eyeball. The residual orbital mass showed stable structure with more evident connection with the ethmoid sinus lesion, suggestive of the ethmoid origin, in 12 years until the age of 61 years. In the review of 20 patients with orbital myxomas in the literature, in addition to this case, roughly classified locations in the orbit were retrobulbar in 8 patients, on the lateral side of the orbit in 4, on the superior side in 6, on the medial side in 1 (this patient), and in the orbit with no specific description in 2. In pathological examinations, immunohistochemistry was not done in 8 patients, done but all negative in 2, and positive in 11 patients: nerve sheath myxoma was diagnosed in 3 patients based on positive S100 staining. Orbital myxoma is rare but considered in differential diagnosis of orbital masses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=myxoma kn-keyword=myxoma en-keyword=orbital kn-keyword=orbital en-keyword=CD34 kn-keyword=CD34 en-keyword=ethmoid sinus kn-keyword=ethmoid sinus en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230711 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Hypophysitis With Diabetes Insipidus 1 Month After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: Case Report and Literature Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Either optic neuritis (neuropathy) or hypopituitarism has been known to occur separately after COVID-19 vaccination. In this report, we describe the rare combination of hypophysitis and optic neuritis which occurred after COVID-19 vaccination. A 74-year-old woman began to have thirst, polydipsia, and polyuria, and was diagnosed as central diabetes insipidus 1 month after the fourth COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed the thickened pituitary stalk and enlarged pituitary gland with high contrast enhancement as well as the absence of high-intensity signals in the posterior pituitary lobe on the T1-weighted image, leading to the diagnosis of lymphocytic hypophysitis. She was well with desmopressin nasal spray until further 2 months later, when she developed bilateral optic neuritis, together with gait disturbance, intention tremor of the upper extremities, urinary retention, constipation, abnormal sensation in the distal part of the lower extremities, and moderate hemiplegia on the left side. Autoantibodies, including anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), were all negative. She showed multifocal spinal cord lesions on MRI and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained by spinal tap, and so underwent steroid pulse therapy with methylprednisolone in the tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, resulting in visual acuity recovery and alleviation of neurological symptoms. In the literature review, the combination of optic neuritis and hypophysitis, mostly with diabetes insipidus, was reported in 15 patients as case reports before the years of COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 vaccination would trigger the onset of hypophysitis and optic neuritis in this patient. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkuboKohei en-aut-sei=Okubo en-aut-mei=Kohei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MifuneHirofumi en-aut-sei=Mifune en-aut-mei=Hirofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=ImaoTakeshi en-aut-sei=Imao en-aut-mei=Takeshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kaneda Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Kaneda Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=COVID-19 mRNA vaccine kn-keyword=COVID-19 mRNA vaccine en-keyword=lymphocytic hypophysitis kn-keyword=lymphocytic hypophysitis en-keyword=diabetes insipidus kn-keyword=diabetes insipidus en-keyword=optic neuritis kn-keyword=optic neuritis en-keyword=multiple sclerosis kn-keyword=multiple sclerosis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230705 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Bilateral Lacrimal Gland Mantle Cell Lymphoma in 11-Year Follow-Up: Case Report and Review of 48 Cases With Ocular Adnexal Presentation in the Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=A 63-year-old woman, with 11-year history of breast cancer, showed bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement on magnetic resonance imaging. Gallium-67 scintigraphy, as the standard at that time in 2004, demonstrated abnormally high uptake only in bilateral lacrimal glands. The lacrimal glands were extirpated and the pathological diagnosis was mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). She underwent bilateral orbital radiation, based on no uptake of gallium-67 in other sites of the body. In a month, bone marrow biopsy revealed the infiltration with MCL, positive for cyclin D1. She showed hepatic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, and so received 2 cycles of alternating Hyper-CVAD therapy and high-dose methotrexate with cytarabine, combined with rituximab, in 2 months, leading to complete remission. She underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and was well until the age of 68 years when she showed a recurrent intratracheal submucosal lesion of lymphoma and underwent one course of reduced-dose CHOP combined with rituximab. Next year, the left rib resection revealed the metastasis of breast adenocarcinoma, leading to daily oral letrozole. Further 2 years later, computed tomographic scan demonstrated multiple submucosal nodular lesions in the trachea and bronchi, together with cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, and intratracheal lesion biopsy and bone marrow biopsy proved the involvement with MCL. She underwent 2 courses of bendamustine and rituximab, resulting in complete remission but died of metastatic breast cancer at the age of 74 years. Clinical features in 48 previous cases with ocular adnexal MCL in the literature were summarized in this study. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaKazuya en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Kazuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NotoharaKenji en-aut-sei=Notohara en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiKeiko en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiNobuharu en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Nobuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=mantle cell lymphoma kn-keyword=mantle cell lymphoma en-keyword=lacrimal gland kn-keyword=lacrimal gland en-keyword=autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation kn-keyword=autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation en-keyword=breast cancer kn-keyword=breast cancer en-keyword=tracheal and bronchial infiltration kn-keyword=tracheal and bronchial infiltration END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=e7595 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230620 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ANCA-associated vasculitis with scleritis, corneal melt, and perforation rescued by rituximab: Case report and literature review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Key Clinical Message: Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, specifically with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, would have a risk for developing corneal melt and perforation abruptly in a short period. It is desirable to have a team of collaboration of rheumatologists and other specialties.
Abstract: An 80-year old man who had been diagnosed 5.5?years previously as ANCA-associated vasculitis by temporal artery biopsy developed corneal melt and perforation with scleritis in both eyes. He underwent successful cataract surgery and retained ambulatory vision with the aid of intravenous rituximab. Two additional patients with similar manifestations were found in the literature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Hiramatsu‐AsanoSumie en-aut-sei=Hiramatsu‐Asano en-aut-mei=Sumie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SawachikaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Sawachika en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NishimuraHirotake en-aut-sei=Nishimura en-aut-mei=Hirotake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Rheumatology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= en-keyword=ANCA-associated vasculitis kn-keyword=ANCA-associated vasculitis en-keyword=corneal melt and perforation kn-keyword=corneal melt and perforation en-keyword=rituximab kn-keyword=rituximab en-keyword=scleritis kn-keyword=scleritis en-keyword=temporal artery biopsy kn-keyword=temporal artery biopsy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=24 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=4411 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230223 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Revisiting Cryptocyanine Dye, NK-4, as an Old and New Drug: Review and Future Perspectives en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=NK-4 plays a key role in the treatment of various diseases, such as in hay fever to expect anti-allergic effects, in bacterial infections and gum abscesses to expect anti-inflammatory effects, in scratches, cuts, and mouth sores from bites inside the mouth for enhanced wound healing, in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infections for antiviral effects, and in peripheral nerve disease that causes tingling pain and numbness in hands and feet, while NK-4 is used also to expect antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. We review all therapeutic directions for the cyanine dye NK-4, as well as the pharmacological mechanism of NK-4 in animal models of related diseases. Currently, NK-4, which is sold as an over-the-counter drug in drugstores, is approved for treating allergic diseases, loss of appetite, sleepiness, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, acute suppurative diseases, wounds, heat injuries, frostbite, and tinea pedis in Japan. The therapeutic effects of NK-4’s antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in animal models are now under development, and we hope to apply these pharmacological effects of NK-4 to the treatment of more diseases. All experimental data suggest that different kinds of utility of NK-4 in the treatment of diseases can be developed based on the various pharmacological properties of NK-4. It is expected that NK-4 could be developed in more therapeutic strategies to treat many types of diseases, such as neurodegenerative and retinal degenerative diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeTakumi en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=11 article-no= start-page=e06657 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221127 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Temporal association of vitreous hemorrhage and hypertension after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Vitreous hemorrhage as common eye presentation and hypertension as common systemic presentation are difficult to designate whether they are coincidental or causal in terms of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccinations. Temporal association of hypertension and vitreous hemorrhage was noted in a patient repeatedly after the second and third COVID-19 vaccinations. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NodaHiroshi en-aut-sei=Noda en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems Okayama University Okayama City Japan kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology Okayama University Hospital Okayama City Japan kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=23 article-no= start-page=15796 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221127 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Are Prophylactic Systemic Antibiotics Required in Patients with Cataract Surgery at Local Anesthesia? en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The reduced use of antimicrobial drugs has been recommended worldwide, according to the global action for antimicrobial resistance published in 2015 by the World Health Organization. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the incidence of surgical site infection in consecutive patients with cataract surgeries at a single hospital in the 6-year process when prophylactic systemic antibiotics were reduced in a step-by-step manner. The entire study period from 2016 to 2022 was divided into five stages, based on the use of systemic antibiotics. In stage 1 with 649 cataract surgeries, an intravenous drip infusion of cefazolin 1 g was given at surgery, followed by oral cefdinir 100 mg in the evening on surgery day and three times for two postoperative days. In stage 2 with 541 cataract surgeries, oral cefdinir 100 mg was given in the late morning before surgery, in the evening, and three times (300 mg in total) for two postoperative days. In stage 3 with 103 cataract surgeries, oral levofloxacin 500 mg was given in the late morning before surgery and once in the morning for two postoperative days. In stage 4 with 545 cataract surgeries, oral levofloxacin 500 mg was given only in the late morning before surgery. In stage 5 with 311 cataract surgeries, no systemic antibiotics were given. As common procedures in all stages, moxifloxacin eye drops were given four times daily as topical antibiotics in the 3 days before surgery and about 2 weeks after surgery. At surgery, the ocular surface was frequently irrigated with saline-diluted povidone iodine at 0.5% working concentration. No postoperative infection was recorded in any stage. This study showed neither harm nor risk in reduced use and, consequently, no use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in cataract surgery as far as local precautionary measures were secured. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IguchiMasahiro en-aut-sei=Iguchi en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MorisatoNoriyasu en-aut-sei=Morisato en-aut-mei=Noriyasu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MurasakoTatsuya en-aut-sei=Murasako en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HagiyaHideharu en-aut-sei=Hagiya en-aut-mei=Hideharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Department of Pharmacy, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Department of Pharmacy, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= Clinical Laboratories, Ochiai Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=cataract surgery kn-keyword=cataract surgery en-keyword=global action plan kn-keyword=global action plan en-keyword=antimicrobial resistance kn-keyword=antimicrobial resistance en-keyword=appropriate use kn-keyword=appropriate use en-keyword=antibiotics kn-keyword=antibiotics en-keyword=oral kn-keyword=oral en-keyword=intravenous kn-keyword=intravenous en-keyword=topical kn-keyword=topical en-keyword=povidone iodine kn-keyword=povidone iodine en-keyword=conjunctival sac culture kn-keyword=conjunctival sac culture END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=267 end-page=284 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221018 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Traditional Chinese Medicines and Prescriptions Brought from China to Japan by a Monk (Jianzhen, Japanese: Ganjin): A Historical Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=(1) Background: Japanese Kampo medicine has its origin in ancient Chinese medicine. In 742, a Tang Dynasty monk named Jianzhen (Ganjin) was invited by Japanese clerics to visit Japan and teach commandments in Buddhism. Because of the dangers of the voyage and also other obstacles, he took 11 years to reach Japan on the sixth voyage and he was blind when he arrived in Japan. He was the first person in China to go to Japan to establish the Buddhism commandments, and he was also the first person in Japan to directly teach traditional Chinese medicine. Until now, there have been few reports in English about the details of the Chinese herbal medicines he brought to Japan, including the types of herbal medicines, pharmacological activities, and formulations. In the review, we systematically and comprehensively summarized Jianzhen’s life from the standpoint of his medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and the types and pharmacological activities of Chinese herbal medicines and prescriptions that were brought to Japan by Jianzhen;
(2) Methods: A review was made on the relevant literature written by Chinese, Japanese, and English languages regarding the medical and pharmacological knowledge of Jianzhen, the 36 Chinese herbal medicines brought to Japan by Jianzhen, and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of these 36 herbal medicines, as well as their formulations;
(3) Results: The review of the literature proved that Jianzhen’s prescriptions served as a basis for current herbal medicines (Kampo) in Japan. In the process of the literature search, we found a book entitled Jianshangren (Holy Priest Jianzhen)’s Secret Prescription, which recorded the complete prescription of the 36 traditional Chinese medicines Jianzhen brought to Japan;
(4) Conclusions: Jianzhen is one of the ancestors of traditional Chinese medicine/Kampo medicine, and he brought traditional Chinese medicine and medical books to Japan for patients. He made important contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=AbeTakumi en-aut-sei=Abe en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Jianzhen kn-keyword=Jianzhen en-keyword=Ganjin kn-keyword=Ganjin en-keyword=traditional Chinese medicine kn-keyword=traditional Chinese medicine en-keyword=Kampo medicine kn-keyword=Kampo medicine en-keyword=herbal medicine kn-keyword=herbal medicine en-keyword=medical history kn-keyword=medical history en-keyword=Toshodaiji Temple kn-keyword=Toshodaiji Temple en-keyword=traditional Japanese medicine kn-keyword=traditional Japanese medicine en-keyword=Nara kn-keyword=Nara en-keyword=Tang Dynasty kn-keyword=Tang Dynasty END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=226 end-page=237 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=2022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the course of systemic sarcoidosis: A case report and review of 30 Japanese patients with sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We report a patient with sarcoidosis who developed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A 71-year-old woman with persistent cough was diagnosed pathologically with sarcoidosis by resection of the right upper lung lobe with a nodule after an unsuccess?ful attempt of transbronchial needle aspiration for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She was referred for an eye examination and found to have spotty retinal degeneration on the lower fundi of both eyes, together with residual macular edema and vitreous opacity in the left eye. At 76 years, she underwent cataract surgery and vitrectomy to gain a visual acuity of 0.6 in the left eye. At 77 years, she developed a cough and fever, and showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Computed tomography showed multiple small nodular lesions in both lungs, and bilateral hilar, mediastinal, and hepatic lymphadenopathy. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated high uptake in the liver, spleen, pancreatic head, and lymph nodes. Bone marrow biopsy was intact, but liver biopsy revealed anomalous large lymphoid cells in the sinusoids which were positive for CD20 and showed a high Ki-67 index, leading to the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy with 8 courses of THP-COP (cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) with rituximab, followed by intra?thecal injection of methotrexate, cytarabine, and dexamethasone, resulted in complete remission. She maintained complete remission for 10 years until 88 years old at present. The literature review found 30 patients, including this case, who developed lymphoma in the course of sarcoidosis. A novel pathological diagnosis is required in the setting of acute ymptomatic changes and novel lesions on imaging in patients with sarcoidosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OmoteRika en-aut-sei=Omote en-aut-mei=Rika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaToshiaki en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Toshiaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NotoharaKenji en-aut-sei=Notohara en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaKazuya en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Kazuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=180 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=8 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220826 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The Historical Background and Modern Significance of Mongolian Traditional Medicine kn-title=モンゴル伝統医学とその現代的意義 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=In recent years, many countries including Japan have been advancing into super-aging society. This trend raises people?s interest　in health and longevity. In order to promote healthy longevity, it is recognized as useful measures to pay attention to “traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine” that cover not only illness treatment but also illness prevention, mental care, health maintenance, and human natural healing power.
In this paper, we summarize the history and development of the theory of Mongolian traditional medicine in the Inner Mongolia to examine how it plays a role in clinical practice regarding health and longevity, and how it contributes to integrative medicine. In this context, patient-centered integrative medicine does not mean simple fusion of Mongolian traditional medicine with modern medicine. The characteristics of Mongolian traditional medicine would be combined with the characteristics of modern medicine, and altogether, the definition of each other?s contribution may lead to the development of integrative medicine. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KajiiKazuaki en-aut-sei=Kajii en-aut-mei=Kazuaki kn-aut-name=梶井一暁 kn-aut-sei=梶井 kn-aut-mei=一暁 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=BAOXuefeng en-aut-sei=BAO en-aut-mei=Xuefeng kn-aut-name=包雪峰 kn-aut-sei=包 kn-aut-mei=雪峰 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Chaomulige en-aut-sei=Chaomulige en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=朝木力格 kn-aut-sei=朝木 kn-aut-mei=力格 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=BAIWurihan en-aut-sei=BAI en-aut-mei=Wurihan kn-aut-name=白烏日罕 kn-aut-sei=白 kn-aut-mei=烏日罕 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院教育学域 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院ヘルスシステム統合科学研究科博士課程 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院ヘルスシステム統合科学研究科博士課程 affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil=岡山大学学術研究院ヘルスシステム統合科学学域 affil-num=5 en-affil=Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities kn-affil=内蒙古民族大学附属病院 en-keyword=伝統医学 kn-keyword=伝統医学 en-keyword=統合医療 kn-keyword=統合医療 en-keyword=西洋医学 kn-keyword=西洋医学 en-keyword=三要素 kn-keyword=三要素 en-keyword=健康長寿 kn-keyword=健康長寿 en-keyword=医学教育制度 kn-keyword=医学教育制度 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=187 end-page=189 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=2022 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=CD19 immunostaining of a stored paraffin-embedded vitrectomy cell block of intraocular lymphoma contributing to chimera antigen receptor T-cell therapy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiNobuharu en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Nobuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiKentaro en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Kentaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoEisei en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Eisei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Hematology/Oncology and Division of Blood Transfusion, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Hematology/Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=23 cd-vols= no-issue=15 article-no= start-page=8626 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220803 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Candidate Genes in Testing Strategies for Linkage Analysis and Bioinformatic Sorting of Whole Genome Sequencing Data in Three Small Japanese Families with Idiopathic Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy is a major type of paralytic, non-comitant strabismus and presents vertical and cyclo-torsional deviation of one eye against the other eye, with a large vertical fusion range and abnormal head posture such as head tilt. Genetic background is considered to play a role in its development, as patients with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy have varying degrees of muscle hypoplasia and, rarely, the complete absence of the muscle, that is, aplasia. In this study, whole genome sequencing was performed, and single nucleotide variations and short insertions/deletions (SNVs/InDels) were annotated in two patients each in three small families (six patients in total) with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy, in addition to three normal individuals in one family. At first, linkage analysis was carried out in the three families and SNVs/InDels in chromosomal loci with negative LOD scores were excluded. Next, SNVs/InDels shared by the six patients, but not by the three normal individuals, were chosen. SNVs/InDels were further narrowed down by choosing low-frequency (<1%) or non-registered SNVs/InDels in four databases for the Japanese population, and then by choosing SNVs/InDels with functional influence, leading to one candidate gene, SSTR5-AS1 in chromosome 16. The six patients were heterozygous for 13-nucleotide deletion in SSTR5-AS1, except for one homozygous patient, while the three normal individuals were wild type. Targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed the 13-nucleotide deletion in SSTR5-AS1. In the face of newly-registered SSTR5-AS1 13-nucleotide deletion at a higher frequency in a latest released database for the Japanese population, the skipping of low-frequency and non-registration sorting still resulted in only 13 candidate genes including SSTR5-AS1 as common variants. The skipping of linkage analysis also led to the same set of 13 candidate genes. Different testing strategies that consisted of linkage analysis and simple unintentional bioinformatics could reach candidate genes in three small families with idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=Chaomulige en-aut-sei=Chaomulige en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajiMary en-aut-sei=Miyaji en-aut-mei=Mary kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SaitoAkira en-aut-sei=Saito en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakazonoKazuyuki en-aut-sei=Nakazono en-aut-mei=Kazuyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=StaGen Co., Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=StaGen Co., Ltd. kn-affil= en-keyword=whole genome sequencing kn-keyword=whole genome sequencing en-keyword=idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy kn-keyword=idiopathic superior oblique muscle palsy en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=linkage analysis kn-keyword=linkage analysis en-keyword=single nucleotide variations and short insertions/deletions kn-keyword=single nucleotide variations and short insertions/deletions en-keyword=SNVs/InDels kn-keyword=SNVs/InDels en-keyword=SSTR5-AS1 kn-keyword=SSTR5-AS1 en-keyword=bioinformatics kn-keyword=bioinformatics en-keyword=muscle hypoplasia (aplasia) kn-keyword=muscle hypoplasia (aplasia) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=19 cd-vols= no-issue=14 article-no= start-page=8655 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=2022716 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photorefraction with Spot Vision Screener versus Visual Acuity Testing as Community-Based Preschool Vision Screening at the Age of 3.5 Years in Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Nationwide in Japan, a community-based vision-screening program in 3.5-year-old children is conducted in three steps: questionnaires and home visual acuity testing as the primary screening; visual acuity testing by nurses and pediatricians’ inspection in community health centers as the secondary screening; and examinations by ophthalmologists as the tertiary screening. In this study, we introduced photorefraction with a Spot vision screener in addition to visual acuity testing to answer the clinical question of whether photorefraction could better detect eye diseases and potentially replace visual acuity testing. Photorefraction was performed on 813 consecutive 3.5-year-old children in a center. The children were sent to tertiary examinations, which were based on the Spot vision screener standard, in addition to the visual acuity testing standard: failure in either eye to pass 0.5 visual acuity in a center. A notice to visit ophthalmologists was issued for 95 children (11%), and documents with the diagnosis were sent back to the Heath Office for 76 children (80%). The rate of children with anisometropic or ametropic amblyopia or accommodative esotropia as treatment-requiring diseases was highest in cases of no pass at both standards (10/15 = 66%), and higher in cases of no pass only at the Spot vision screener standard (13/45 = 28%), compared with cases of no pass only at the visual acuity testing standard (6/33 = 18%, p = 0.0031). Photorefraction, in addition to visual acuity testing and inspection led to additional eye diseases detection at 3.5 years. Visual acuity testing at home would not be omitted in the introduction of photorefraction. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KayanoMasami en-aut-sei=Kayano en-aut-mei=Masami kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsufujiAya en-aut-sei=Mitsufuji en-aut-mei=Aya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatouChiyori en-aut-sei=Satou en-aut-mei=Chiyori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuokaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Matsuoka en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Okayama City Government Health Office kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Okayama City Government Health Office kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Okayama City Government Health Office kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Okayama City Government Health Office kn-affil= en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus en-keyword=amblyopia kn-keyword=amblyopia en-keyword=refractive error kn-keyword=refractive error en-keyword=photorefraction kn-keyword=photorefraction en-keyword=preschool vision-screening program kn-keyword=preschool vision-screening program en-keyword=Spot vision screener kn-keyword=Spot vision screener en-keyword=visual acuity test kn-keyword=visual acuity test en-keyword=3.5-year-old children kn-keyword=3.5-year-old children en-keyword=community health center kn-keyword=community health center en-keyword=nurse kn-keyword=nurse END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=7 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=202201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine?Associated Uveitis Leading to Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis: Case Report and Review of Literature en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= A 34-year-old Japanese person with male gender identity who had been taking intramuscular injection of methyltestosterone depot for 11 years after bilateral mastectomy noticed blurred vision 5 days after the second vaccination for COVID-19 (Tozinameran; Pfizer-BioNTech) in the interval of 3 weeks following the first vaccination. The patient was diagnosed as granulomatous iritis with mutton-fat keratic precipitates and small iris nodules at the pupillary margin in the right eye and began to have 0.1% betamethasone eye drops with good response. The patient, however, continued to have fever and malaise and showed a high level of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) even 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Computed tomographic scan disclosed mediastinal and bilateral hilar small lymphadenopathy together with limited granular lesion in the right lung. Gallium-67 scintigraphy demonstrated high uptake not only in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes but also in bilateral parotid glands. Right parotid gland biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas and proved pathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The systemic symptoms were relieved by oral prednisolone 20 mg daily. Even though the causal relationship remains undetermined, this case is unique at the point that vaccine-associated uveitis led to the detection of pulmonary lesions and lymphadenopathy, resulting in clinical and pathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In literature review, 3 patients showed sarcoidosis-like diseases after COVID-19 vaccination: 2 patients were diagnosed clinically as Lofgren syndrome with acute onset of erythema nodosum and ankle swelling, with or without mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, whereas 1 patient with mediastinal lymphadenopathy but no uveitis was diagnosed pathologically by biopsy as sarcoidosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HondaHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Honda en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UraguchiKensuke en-aut-sei=Uraguchi en-aut-mei=Kensuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawaharaMasaaki en-aut-sei=Kawahara en-aut-mei=Masaaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HagiyaHideharu en-aut-sei=Hagiya en-aut-mei=Hideharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Kawahara Eye Clinic, Okayama, Japan kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Japan kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=10 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20221 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma 18 Years After Bilateral Lacrimal Gland IgG4-Related Disease: Case Report and Literature Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=IgG4-related disease is a recently established clinical entity. The disease might serve as the background for later development of systemic lymphoma. This study aims to confirm the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease by re-staining lacrimal gland lesions diagnosed previously with low-grade lymphoma in a patient who developed systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) 18 years later. A 53-year-old man developed bilateral lacrimal gland swelling and right submandibular gland swelling and was diagnosed by excision as low-grade lymphoma. In follow-up, positron emission tomography showed high uptake in the median hyoid 11 years later but no malignancy was detected by laryngeal submucosal biopsy. He was well with no treatment until 18 years later when he had palatal swelling and was diagnosed with DLBCL by oral floor biopsy. He had systemic lymphadenopathy, infiltration in paranasal sinuses, hypopharynx, small intestine, kidney, and prostate. He underwent 8 courses of R-CHOP and 3 courses of high-dose methotrexate and achieved complete remission with no relapse for 1 year thereafter. Re-immunostaining of paraffin blocks of bilateral lacrimal gland lesions showed IgG and IgG4-positive lymphocytes and plasma cells among lymphoid follicles separated by fibrous bundles, with 10 or more IgG4-positive cells in high-power field. The IgG4/IgG-positive cell ratio was 100% and the number of κ chain-positive cells and λ chain-positive cells was the same. The bilateral lacrimal lesions were thus re-diagnosed as IgG4-related disease. In conclusion, systemic DLBCL occurred approximately 20 years after lacrimal gland IgG4-related disease. Literature review revealed 12 patients with IgG4-related disease, including the present patient, who later developed lymphoma in the other organs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NotoharaKenji en-aut-sei=Notohara en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OkadaKazuya en-aut-sei=Okada en-aut-mei=Kazuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=IgG4-related disease kn-keyword=IgG4-related disease en-keyword=lacrimal gland kn-keyword=lacrimal gland en-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma kn-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma en-keyword=re-immunostaining kn-keyword=re-immunostaining en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=12 article-no= start-page=1433 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211219 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Bilateral Optic Disc Swelling as a Plausible Common Ocular Sign of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Report of Three Patients with Blau Syndrome or Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The aim of this study is to describe bilateral optic disc swelling in three consecutive patients with Blau syndrome or cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome at a single institution. Case 1 was a 30-year-old woman receiving 25 mg etanercept twice weekly who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 5 months old and genetically diagnosed with Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (N670K) at 13 years old. At 10 years old, she began to have uveitis with optic disc swelling in both eyes, resulting in macular degeneration and optic disc atrophy at 17 years old only when etanercept was introduced. Case 2 was a 21-year-old man receiving adalimumab every 2 weeks who had been diagnosed as early-onset sarcoidosis by biopsy of skin rashes at 1.5 years old and genetically diagnosed as Blau syndrome with CARD15/NOD2 mutation (C495Y) at 5 years old. At 8 years old, around the time of adalimumab introduction, he began to show bilateral optic disc swelling which continued until the age of 16 years when the dose of adalimumab was increased. Case 3 was a 20-year-old woman receiving canakinumab every 8 weeks for systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain and later for sensorineural hearing disturbance on both sides. She had been diagnosed genetically with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome with NLRP3 mutation (Y859C) at 7 years old. At 5 years old, she was found to have bilateral optic disc swelling, which continued until the age of 10 years when she began receiving canakinumab (IL-1β inhibitor). Bilateral optic disc swelling might be tentatively designated as a plausible common ocular feature, if it occurred, in autoinflammatory diseases to pay more attention to ophthalmic complications in rare diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YashiroMasato en-aut-sei=Yashiro en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiOsamu en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MankiAkira en-aut-sei=Manki en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Melanoma Center, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Pediatrics, Okayama City Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=autoinflammatory diseases kn-keyword=autoinflammatory diseases en-keyword=Blau syndrome kn-keyword=Blau syndrome en-keyword=Muckle-Wells syndrome kn-keyword=Muckle-Wells syndrome en-keyword=CINCA/NOMID syndrome kn-keyword=CINCA/NOMID syndrome en-keyword=cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes kn-keyword=cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes en-keyword=optic disc swelling (optic papillitis) kn-keyword=optic disc swelling (optic papillitis) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=12 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211118 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Proton beam therapy followed by pembrolizumab for giant ocular surface conjunctival malignant melanoma: A case report en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study describes proton beam therapy as a clinical option to achieve local control of giant conjunctival melanoma in an aged person, instead of orbital exenteration. An 80?year?old woman with one?year history of left?eye injection and hemorrhage experienced rapid growth of the ocular surface black mass. At the initial visit, a black, elastic hard, hemorrhage?prone, thickened mass in the size of 30x40 mm with a presumed wide stalk covered the total area of the lid fissure on the left side. Biopsy of the mass demonstrated anomalous melanin?containing cells in fibrin and hemorrhage, which were positive for cocktail?mix antibodies against tyrosinase, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells?1 and human melanoma black?45, indicative of malignant melanoma. One month after the initial visit, the patient underwent proton beam therapy at the total dose of 70.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 32 fractions (~10 min each) in one and a half months. One month after the end of proton beam therapy, 3.5 months from the initial visit, the patient was found by computed tomographic scan to have multiple metastatic lesions in bilateral lung fields. With the evidence of absent BRAF mutation, the patient underwent intravenous administration of pembrolizumab 77.2 mg every three weeks five times in total. Then, three months after proton beam therapy, ocular surface melanoma almost subsided and the clear cornea allowed visualization of the intraocular lens inside the eye. In three weeks, spontaneous corneal perforation was plugged with iris incarceration. The patient died suddenly of unknown cause 7.5 months from the initial visit. The local control of giant conjunctival melanoma was achieved by proton beam therapy, leading to patient's satisfaction and better quality of life. Proton beam therapy, followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors, would become the future standard of care for unresectable giant conjunctival melanoma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiOsamu en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsuiKuniaki en-aut-sei=Katsui en-aut-mei=Kuniaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=WakiTakahiro en-aut-sei=Waki en-aut-mei=Takahiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Tsuyama Chuo Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=ocular surface kn-keyword=ocular surface en-keyword=conjunctiva kn-keyword=conjunctiva en-keyword=malignant melanoma kn-keyword=malignant melanoma en-keyword=proton beam therapy kn-keyword=proton beam therapy en-keyword=pembrolizumab kn-keyword=pembrolizumab en-keyword=PD?1 inhibitor kn-keyword=PD?1 inhibitor en-keyword=immune checkpoint inhibitor kn-keyword=immune checkpoint inhibitor en-keyword=corneal perforation kn-keyword=corneal perforation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=22 cd-vols= no-issue=24 article-no= start-page=13276 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211210 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Effect of NK-5962 on Gene Expression Profiling of Retina in a Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: NK-5962 is a key component of photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film, designated Okayama University type-retinal prosthesis (OUReP™). Previously, we found that NK-5962 solution could reduce the number of apoptotic photoreceptors in the eyes of the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats by intravitreal injection under a 12 h light/dark cycle. This study aimed to explore possible molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in the retina of RCS rats. Methods: RCS rats received intravitreal injections of NK-5962 solution in the left eye at the age of 3 and 4 weeks, before the age of 5 weeks when the speed in the apoptotic degeneration of photoreceptors reaches its peak. The vehicle-treated right eyes served as controls. All rats were housed under a 12 h light/dark cycle, and the retinas were dissected out at the age of 5 weeks for RNA sequence (RNA-seq) analysis. For the functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the Metascape and DAVID databases were used. Results: In total, 55 up-regulated DEGs, and one down-regulated gene (LYVE1) were found to be common among samples treated with NK-5962. These DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. We focused on the up-regulated DEGs that were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K?Akt signaling pathways. These terms and pathways may relate to mechanisms to protect photoreceptor cells. Moreover, our analyses suggest that SERPINF1, which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), is one of the key regulatory genes involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of NK-5962 in RCS rat retinas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that photoelectric dye NK-5962 may delay apoptotic death of photoreceptor cells in RCS rats by up-regulating genes related to extracellular matrix organization, extracellular exosome, and PI3K?Akt signaling pathways. Overall, our RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses provide insights in the transcriptome responses in the dystrophic RCS rat retinas that were induced by NK-5962 intravitreal injection and offer potential target genes for developing new therapeutic strategies for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajiMary en-aut-sei=Miyaji en-aut-mei=Mary kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=apoptosis kn-keyword=apoptosis en-keyword=drug kn-keyword=drug en-keyword=retina kn-keyword=retina en-keyword=photoreceptors kn-keyword=photoreceptors en-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa kn-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa en-keyword=extracellular exosome kn-keyword=extracellular exosome en-keyword=extracellular matrix organization kn-keyword=extracellular matrix organization en-keyword=PI3K?Akt signaling pathway kn-keyword=PI3K?Akt signaling pathway en-keyword=SERPINF1 kn-keyword=SERPINF1 en-keyword=pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) kn-keyword=pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=307 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=130978 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20211001 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clarification of degradation mechanism on retinal prosthesis using photoelectric dyes coupled to polyethylene film by mass spectrometry en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Photoelectric dyes have stimulated retinal neurons by absorbing light and generating an electric potential. Therefore, a photoelectric dye was used to develop a retinal prosthesis to restore vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa. The retinal prosthesis, referred to as a dye-coupled film, was prepared by chemically coupling the dyes to a polyethylene film surface through amide bonds. However, the coupled dyes decreased during an implantation test in a monkey eye. This study clarifies the degradation mechanism of the dye-coupled film. Since the dyes were selectively coupled to the film surface, it is difficult to detect the eliminated dyes in a solution. Therefore, a model compound that mimicked the chemical structure of the dye-coupled film by converting the carboxylic acid of dye to the amide bond is used. It was found that the elimination of the side chain, including the amide bond, occurred before the degradation of the conjugated structure according to mass spectrometry of the model compound. The degradation mechanism of the dye-coupled film was predicted based on that of the model compound. It was concluded that chemical bonds between the dye and the film surface were preferentially decomposed, leading to the detachment of the dyes from the film surface. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MitsuiMayu en-aut-sei=Mitsui en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Degradation kn-keyword=Degradation en-keyword=Photoelectric dye kn-keyword=Photoelectric dye en-keyword=Benzothiazole kn-keyword=Benzothiazole en-keyword=Mass spectrometry kn-keyword=Mass spectrometry en-keyword=Retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=Retinal prosthesis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=14 cd-vols= no-issue=7 article-no= start-page=694 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021719 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Effect of Cyanine Dye NK-4 on Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NK-4 on the apoptosis of photoreceptors in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa and explore the mechanism underlying anti-apoptosis activity. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats received an intravitreous injection of NK-4 solution in the left eye and vehicle control in the right eye. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method in frozen sections of the eyes. The retinal tissues of the rats were dissected for RNA-seq analysis. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed by using Metascape and DAVID software. The expression levels of DEGs were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The number of apoptotic cells decreased in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the thickness of the ONL was significantly thicker in the retina of NK-4-injected eyes, compared with control eyes. Five DEGs were identified by RNA-seq analysis, and Hmox1, Mt1, Atf5, Slc7a11, and Bdh2 were confirmed to be up-regulated by RT-qPCR. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the up-regulated genes showed that anti-apoptosis effects of NK-4 in the retina of RCS rats may be related to the pathways of metal ion homeostasis, negative regulation of neuron death, response to toxic substance, and pigment metabolic process. We found a potential mechanism of NK-4, providing a new viewpoint for the development of more therapeutic uses of NK-4 in the future. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiyajiMary en-aut-sei=Miyaji en-aut-mei=Mary kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=NK-4 kn-keyword=NK-4 en-keyword=retina kn-keyword=retina en-keyword=apoptosis kn-keyword=apoptosis en-keyword=RNA-seq kn-keyword=RNA-seq en-keyword=photoreceptor kn-keyword=photoreceptor en-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa kn-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa en-keyword=antioxidant kn-keyword=antioxidant en-keyword=metabolism kn-keyword=metabolism END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=8 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210623 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Prostate Cancer Detected by Choroidal Tumor and Complete Response to Hormonal Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review of 24 Patients With Choroidal Metastasis From Prostate Cancer en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Metastatic choroidal tumors derived from prostate cancer are rare. In this study, we report a patient who manifested a choroidal tumor as the initial presenting sign of prostate cancer and review 23 patients with choroidal metastasis of prostate cancer in the literature to answer a clinical question how the choroidal metastases would respond to hormonal therapy. A 73-year-old man presented with a choroidal tumor in the right eye. He was in good health and had no previous history except for current hemodialysis in 3 years due to chronic renal failure as a sequel to glomerulonephritis. With the diagnosis of a probable metastatic tumor, positron emission tomography was performed to disclose high-uptake sites in multiple bones, lymph nodes, and the prostate, together with multiple nodular lesions in bilateral lungs on computed tomography (CT) scan. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was elevated to 541 ng/mL, which supported prostate cancer as the primary site. He had degarelix injection, and the choroidal tumor resolved rapidly and became flat degeneration in a month. Prostate biopsy showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and he underwent surgical castration. He had no medication until 3 years later when he showed gradual increase of serum PSA up to 6.05 ng/mL and multiple bony metastases on CT scan. Bicalutamide, switched to enzalutamide and then to abiraterone, led to the undetectable level of serum PSA until the last visit with no relapse of the choroidal metastasis, 6.8 years after the initial visit. In the literature review of 24 patients with choroidal metastasis of prostate cancer, including this patient, 8 patients presented a choroidal tumor as the initial sign and the choroidal lesions mostly showed complete response to hormonal therapy. Among 13 patients who were frequently in the course of hormonal therapy, choroidal metastases showed complete or partial response to external beam radiation to the eye in 11 patients and episcleral plaque radiotherapy in 2 patients. In conclusion, metastatic choroidal tumors of prostate cancer would show good response to hormonal therapy when the therapy has not been initiated. Hormone-resistant choroidal metastases in the therapeutic course of prostate cancer could be managed successfully by external beam radiation to the eye. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakamuraAya en-aut-sei=Nakamura en-aut-mei=Aya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=WadaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Wada en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Urology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=5Urology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=prostate cancer kn-keyword=prostate cancer en-keyword=choroidal/uveal tumor kn-keyword=choroidal/uveal tumor en-keyword=choroidal/uveal metastasis kn-keyword=choroidal/uveal metastasis en-keyword=radiation kn-keyword=radiation en-keyword=surgical castration kn-keyword=surgical castration en-keyword=complete remission kn-keyword=complete remission en-keyword=hormonal therapy kn-keyword=hormonal therapy en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review en-keyword=prostate-specific antigen kn-keyword=prostate-specific antigen en-keyword=PSA kn-keyword=PSA en-keyword=positron emission tomography kn-keyword=positron emission tomography en-keyword=PET kn-keyword=PET END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=11 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=591 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021621 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photoelectric Dye, NK-5962, as a Potential Drug for Preventing Retinal Neurons from Apoptosis: Pharmacokinetic Studies Based on Review of the Evidence en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=NK-5962 is a key component of photoelectric dye-based retinal prosthesis (OUReP). In testing the safety and efficacy, NK-5962 was safe in all tests for the biological evaluation of medical devices (ISO 10993) and effective in preventing retinal cells from death even under dark conditions. The long-term implantation of the photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film in the subretinal space of hereditary retinal dystrophic (RCS) rats prevented neurons from apoptosis in the adjacent retinal tissue. The intravitreous injection of NK-5962 in the eyes of RCS rats, indeed, reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the retinal outer nuclear layer irrespective of light or dark conditions. In this study, we reviewed the in vitro and in vivo evidence of neuroprotective effect of NK-5962 and designed pharmacokinetic experiments. The in vitro IC50 of 1.7 μM, based on the protective effect on retinal cells in culture, could explain the in vivo EC50 of 3 μM that is calculated from concentrations of intravitreous injection to prevent retinal neurons from apoptosis. Pharmacokinetics of NK-5962 showed that intravenous administration, but not oral administration, led to the effective concentration in the eye of rats. NK-5962 would be a candidate drug for delaying the deterioration of retinal dystrophy, such as retinitis pigmentosa. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuShihui en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihui kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OnoueSatomi en-aut-sei=Onoue en-aut-mei=Satomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakagawaShinsaku en-aut-sei=Nakagawa en-aut-mei=Shinsaku kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiiMayumi en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=Mayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanamitsuKayoko en-aut-sei=Kanamitsu en-aut-mei=Kayoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo kn-affil= en-keyword=NK-5962 kn-keyword=NK-5962 en-keyword=photoelectric dye kn-keyword=photoelectric dye en-keyword=apoptosis kn-keyword=apoptosis en-keyword=retinal neuron kn-keyword=retinal neuron en-keyword=neuroprotection kn-keyword=neuroprotection en-keyword=pharmacokinetics kn-keyword=pharmacokinetics en-keyword=ADME kn-keyword=ADME en-keyword=phototoxic/photosensitive assay kn-keyword=phototoxic/photosensitive assay en-keyword=reactive oxygen species assay kn-keyword=reactive oxygen species assay en-keyword=photosafety kn-keyword=photosafety END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=18 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=045006 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202155 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Modelling the visual response to an OUReP retinal prosthesis with photoelectric dye coupled to polyethylene film en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Objective. Retinal prostheses have been developed to restore vision in blind patients suffering from diseases like retinitis pigmentosa. Approach. A new type of retinal prosthesis called the Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis (OUReP) was developed by chemically coupling photoelectric dyes to a polyethylene film surface. The prosthesis works by passively generating an electric potential when stimulated by light. However, the neurophysiological mechanism of how OUReP stimulates the degenerated retina is unknown. Main results. Here, we explore how the OUReP affects retinal tissues using a finite element model to solve for the potential inside the tissue and an active Hodgkin-Huxley model based on rat vision to predict the corresponding retinal bipolar response. Significance. We show that the OUReP is likely capable of eliciting responses in retinal bipolar cells necessary to generate vision under most ambient conditions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SundaramPrathima en-aut-sei=Sundaram en-aut-mei=Prathima kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=WongWilly en-aut-sei=Wong en-aut-mei=Willy kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto kn-affil= en-keyword=retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=retinal prosthesis en-keyword=photoelectric dye kn-keyword=photoelectric dye en-keyword=boundary value problem kn-keyword=boundary value problem en-keyword=biophysical models of retinal cells kn-keyword=biophysical models of retinal cells END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=045001 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=202138 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Development of highly durable retinal prosthesis using photoelectric dyes coupled to polyethylene film and quantitative in vitro evaluation of its durability en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Retinal prostheses have been developed to restore vision in blind patients suffering from such diseases as retinitis pigmentosa. In our previous studies, we developed a retinal prosthesis called dye-coupled film by chemical coupling of photoelectric dyes, which absorb light and then generate electrical potential, with a polyethylene film surface. The dye-coupled film is nontoxic, and we recovered the vision of a monkey with macular degeneration. The amount of dye on the dye-coupled film, however, decreased to one-third after five months in the monkey’s eye. The photoelectric dye consists of a cation with photoresponsivity and a bromide ion (Br?). Therefore, an anion-exchange reaction could be applied to the dye-coupled film to improve its durability. In this study, the anion-exchange reaction was conducted using bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ion (TFSI?), which has lower nucleophilicity than Br?. First, the long-term durability was examined without using animal subjects and in a short period. Subsequently, an elemental analysis was performed to confirm the exchange between Br? and TFSI?, and chemical properties, such as photoresponsivity and durability, before and after the anion exchange, were evaluated. It was quantitatively confirmed that the long-term durability of dye-coupled films can be evaluated in an in vitro environment and in a short period of one-thirtieth by utilizing a saline solution at 60°C, compared with an in vivo environment. In addition, the durability of the dye-coupled film with TFSI? was improved to 270%?320% compared with that of the dye-coupled film with Br?. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTenu en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Tenu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=retinal prosthesis en-keyword=photoelectric dye kn-keyword=photoelectric dye en-keyword=polyethylene film kn-keyword=polyethylene film en-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa kn-keyword=retinitis pigmentosa en-keyword=durability kn-keyword=durability END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=65 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=561 end-page=568 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210316 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Television-watching in the early years of life and the association with parents’ concerns about decreased visual acuity in their elementary school-aged child: results of a nationwide population-based longitudinal survey of Japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose
To study the association between television-watching in the earlier years of life and subsequent parents’ concerns about decreased visual acuity in their elementary school-aged child.
Study design
Population-based longitudinal cohort.
Methods
Television-watching and its daily duration, as the main exposure, and parents’ concerns for their child’s decreased visual acuity during the school years, as the main outcome, were picked up from yearly questionnaires performed for the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the Twenty-First Century involving all babies born in Japan during either of two periods: between January 10 and 17, 2001 or between July 10 and 17, 2001 (N?=?47,015).
Results
Television-/video-watching as the main form of play of children at the ages of 1.5 years and 2.5 years was significantly associated with parents’ concerns for their child’s decreased visual acuity raised once or more in six surveys conducted between the ages of 7 and 12 years (odds ratio, 1.1 and 1.09; 95% CI 1.05?1.15 and 1.04?1.14, respectively). The association remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables, including child’s sex, preterm birth, multiple birth, mother’s age at delivery, mother’s and father’s education, and residential area. Longer daily duration of television-watching at 2.5 years was significantly associated with concerns for the child’s decreased visual acuity between the ages of 7 and 12 years, but not at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years. The association remained significant in a sensitivity analysis of 28,820 children who participated in all six surveys.
Conclusions
Longer daily exposure to television in children in the earlier years of life was associated with parents’ subsequent concerns about decreased visual acuity in their elementary school-aged child. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YorifujiTakashi en-aut-sei=Yorifuji en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Children kn-keyword=Children en-keyword=Longitudinal study kn-keyword=Longitudinal study en-keyword=School ages kn-keyword=School ages en-keyword=Television-watching kn-keyword=Television-watching en-keyword=Visual acuity kn-keyword=Visual acuity END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=10 end-page=20 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Follow-up with serum IgG4-monitoring in 8 patients with IgG4-related disease diagnosed by a lacrimal gland mass en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related disease were previously published and serum IgG4 measurement has been reimbursed by national health insurance in Japan since 2012. Eight patients diagnosed with IgG4-related disease based on lacrimal gland masses were retrospectively reviewed. The 8 patients were 3 men and 5 women ranging in age from 52 to 77 (median, 63) years at the initial visit and their follow-up period ranged from 0.25 to 11 (median, 7) years. Bilateral and unilateral involvement were noted in 4 patients each; 2 on the right side and 2 on the left side in those with unilateral involvement. Serum IgG4 was high in 5 of 8 patients at the initial visit. Five patients with no systemic signs were followed without treatment, whereas oral steroids were administered and tapered in the other 3 patients who exhibited systemic signs. One patient with a history of radiation for MALT lymphoma in bilateral lacrimal glands developed IgG4-related disease in the left lacrimal gland 10 years later and was followed without treatment. Nine years later, her serum IgG4 level increased to 1500 mg/dL and paracardiac lesions, found on positron emission tomography, were confirmed to be MALT lymphoma by needle biopsy, leading to systemic chemotherapy. The other 7 patients had neither local recurrence nor additional systemic signs. Serum IgG4 monitoring may be useful to detect systemic complications in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease and markedly high serum IgG4 levels may indicate new lymphoma at other sites. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoYasuharu en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Yasuharu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KataokaHitomi en-aut-sei=Kataoka en-aut-mei=Hitomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UkaMayu en-aut-sei=Uka en-aut-mei=Mayu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=EnnishiDaisuke en-aut-sei=Ennishi en-aut-mei=Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YanoTomofumi en-aut-sei=Yano en-aut-mei=Tomofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Hematology/Oncology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=IgG4-related disease kn-keyword=IgG4-related disease en-keyword=lacrimal gland kn-keyword=lacrimal gland en-keyword=serum IgG4 kn-keyword=serum IgG4 en-keyword=prednisolone kn-keyword=prednisolone en-keyword=extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) kn-keyword=extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=2021 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Photoelectric dye-based retinal prosthesis (OUReP) as a novel type of artificial retina en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have developed the world's first novel type of artificial retina, OUReP (Okayama University Retinal Prosthesis), in which a photoelectric dye that converts light energy into electric potential is covalently bonded to the surface of a polyethylene thin film as an insulator. The receptor that absorbs light and the output device that generates displacement current to stimulate nearby neurons are integrated in a sheet of thin film. It has become possible to measure the surface potential of the artificial retina OUReP using a Kelvin probe that measures the surface potential of semiconductors. When light is turned on and off to the artificial retina OUReP, the surface potential changes rapidly. As the light intensity is increased, the potential change on the surface of the artificial retina becomes larger. As for safety, the artificial retina OUReP was not toxic in all tests for biological evaluation of medical devices. As for efficacy, the artificial retina OUReP was implanted under the retina by vitreous surgery in monkey eyes which had chemically-induced macular degeneration with photoreceptor cell loss. Over the next 6 months, retinal detachment did not occur during the course, and the artificial retina was in contact with the retinal tissue. The amplitude of the visual evoked potential attenuated by macular degeneration recovered 1 month after implantation of the artificial retina, and the recovery of amplitude was maintained until 6 months after the implantation. By using multielectrode array-mounted dish recording system, it has been proved that action potential spikes are induced when the artificial retina is placed on degenerative retinal tissue of retinal dystrophic rats or mice and exposed to light, which is used as an index of the effectiveness of the artificial retina. We have established manufacturing and quality control of the device in a clean room facility, proved the safety and efficacy, and are preparing for first-in-human investigator-initiated clinical trials. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=olymer Materials Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, kn-affil= en-keyword=artificial retina kn-keyword=artificial retina en-keyword=retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=retinal prosthesis en-keyword=photoelectric dye kn-keyword=photoelectric dye en-keyword=polyethylene film kn-keyword=polyethylene film en-keyword=monkey surgery kn-keyword=monkey surgery en-keyword=multielectrode array dish recording kn-keyword=multielectrode array dish recording en-keyword=vitrectomy kn-keyword=vitrectomy en-keyword=disposable injector kn-keyword=disposable injector en-keyword=sustainable development goals kn-keyword=sustainable development goals END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2324709620966843 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20201020 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Pathologically Proven Intraocular Infiltration With Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Two New Cases With Either Vitreous Opacity or Aqueous Hypopyon and Literature Review of 16 Cases en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=This study reported 2 new patients and 16 historical cases with pathologically proven intraocular infiltration with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma (ATLL) to know the timing of intraocular infiltration in the disease course. The first case was a 67-year-old woman who developed bilateral vitreous opacity about half a year after the onset of acute type of ATLL that had been unresponsive to chemotherapy. She underwent vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery in both eyes. She had bilateral optic disc atrophy and localized retinal white infiltrates in both eyes. Cytological examination of vitreous aspirates demonstrated medium-sized cells with aberrant flower-like convoluted nuclei, positive for CD3, and thus indicative of T-cells. The second case was a 38-year-old man who was diagnosed acute type of ATLL at the presentation of acute kidney injury. About half a year after initial chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, he developed aqueous hypopyon in the right eye, concurrent with cutaneous and central nervous system relapse. Aqueous tap disclosed class V abnormal cells. The aqueous “pseudohypopyon” resolved in response to another round of chemotherapy with mogamulizumab. In review of 18 patients, intraocular infiltration with ATLL was diagnosed by vitrectomy in 9, aqueous tap in 3, chorioretinal biopsy in 3, and autopsy in 3. The intraocular infiltration developed concurrently with systemic diagnosis of ATLL in 5 patients, but developed later after chemotherapy in 13. In conclusion, intraocular infiltration with ATLL appears rare, and pathological diagnosis by vitrectomy and aqueous tap would help determine therapeutic plan in relapse after chemotherapy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimizuTakehiro en-aut-sei=Shimizu en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamamotoAkira en-aut-sei=Yamamoto en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakasukaHiroki en-aut-sei=Takasuka en-aut-mei=Hiroki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Hematology/Oncology, Okayama Unversity Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Hematology/Oncology, Okayama Unversity Hospital kn-affil= en-keyword=adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma kn-keyword=adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma en-keyword=vitreous opacity kn-keyword=vitreous opacity en-keyword=vitrectomy kn-keyword=vitrectomy en-keyword=aqueous hypopyon kn-keyword=aqueous hypopyon en-keyword=aqueous tap kn-keyword=aqueous tap en-keyword=cytology kn-keyword=cytology en-keyword=pathology kn-keyword=pathology en-keyword=Japanese kn-keyword=Japanese en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review en-keyword=immunostaining kn-keyword=immunostaining END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=1040 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200923 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Curved-Tip Disposable Injector (OUReP Injector) to Insert Photoelectric Dye-Coupled Polyethylene Film (OUReP) as Retinal Prosthesis into Subretinal Space of Rabbit Eyes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The photoelectric dye-coupled thin polyethylene film functions as a novel type of retinal prosthesis in subretinal space of the eye. We previously reported a novel disposable injector to insert the thin film into subretinal space of the rabbit eye by vitreous surgery. The injection system composed of two separate parts, injector and loader. A circular film in 5 mm to 10 mm diameter was pulled into a transparent tube of the loader with a commercial 25-gauge forceps. The loader tube was joined with a sleeve to tube tip of the injector. The film in the loader was pushed with a plunger for the loader into the injector tube tip. The loader with the sleeve was removed from the injector tip, and the tube tip with the film was filled with solution. This study reported a small-bore curved-tip disposable injector with outer diameter of 1.6 mm. A curved-tip polypropylene tube was formed by the process of heating and cooling of the tube inserted with a curved guide wire. The plunger for the curved-tip tube was made of a polyphenylsulfone tip connected with a press-fitting inner polypropylene tube to a nylon rod. Bleb retinal detachment in 4 surgically aphakic eyes of rabbits were induced by infusing solution into subretinal space with a 38-gauge polyimide tip, and a retinal tear was made at the edge of retinal detachment with 25-gauge diathermy. The injector tip with the rolled film in 6 mm diameter was inserted from 2 mm wide scleral incision into vitreous and then into subretinal space. The rolled films were released into subretinal space with the tip end inserted into the retinal tear, and the released films were confirmed to stay under the retina with no additional aid. Dissection one month after surgeries confirmed successful implantation of 4 films into subretinal space of each rabbit eye. The curved-tip injector could release the rolled film into the subretinal space without additional effort, compared with the straight-tip injector, and would help surgeons implant photoelectric dye-coupled thin film retinal prosthesis easily at vitreous surgery. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=matsuoChie en-aut-sei=matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTenu en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Tenu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawakamiYusuke en-aut-sei=Kawakami en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HitomiToshiya en-aut-sei=Hitomi en-aut-mei=Toshiya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=TagaKanji en-aut-sei=Taga en-aut-mei=Kanji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=SanadaTatsuya en-aut-sei=Sanada en-aut-mei=Tatsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaYusuke en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Yusuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Minori Industry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Minori Industry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Minori Industry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Minori Industry Co. Ltd. kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. kn-affil= en-keyword=Dye-coupled thin film retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=Dye-coupled thin film retinal prosthesis en-keyword=Curved-tip injector kn-keyword=Curved-tip injector en-keyword=Photoelectric dye kn-keyword=Photoelectric dye en-keyword=Rabbit kn-keyword=Rabbit en-keyword=25G vitrectomy kn-keyword=25G vitrectomy END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2324709620953283 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200829 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-Term Control of Macular Edema With Adalimumab After Cataract Surgery in a Japanese Child With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Case Report and Review of 26 Japanese Patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis is rare in the Japanese population. In this article, we report a child whose macular edema was controlled for years after cataract surgery with adalimumab, and reviewed 26 Japanese patients in the literature. In this case report, a 4-year-old boy developed band keratopathy, posterior iris synechiae, and complicated cataract in both eyes. Oral prednisolone prescribed at another hospital was discontinued due to high intraocular pressure in both eyes as a steroid responder. At the age of 5 years, he started oral methotrexate 8 mg weekly for recurrent bilateral iridocyclitis and then underwent lensectomy with core vitrectomy in both eyes. Planned intraocular lens implantation was cancelled at surgery because the anterior vitreous had severe inflammatory opacity with diffuse retinal edema in both eyes. Due to persistent macular edema in both eyes 5 months postoperatively, at the age of 6 years, he began to use adalimumab injection 20 mg every 2 weeks. The macular structure depicted by optical coherence tomography became normal in 2 months. At final visit at the age of 11 years, he had the best-corrected visual acuity of 0.8 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left eye, with adalimumab 40 mg every 2 weeks and methotrexate 8 mg weekly. In conclusion, macular edema persistent despite oral methotrexate after cataract surgery could be controlled for long term by adalimumab in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In the Japanese literature, only 26 additional cases with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis have been reported so far. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YashiroMasato en-aut-sei=Yashiro en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= en-keyword=juvenile idiopathic arthritis kn-keyword=juvenile idiopathic arthritis en-keyword=JIA kn-keyword=JIA en-keyword=macular edema kn-keyword=macular edema en-keyword=uveitis kn-keyword=uveitis en-keyword=adalimumab kn-keyword=adalimumab en-keyword=steroid responder kn-keyword=steroid responder en-keyword=cataract surgery kn-keyword=cataract surgery en-keyword=methotrexate kn-keyword=methotrexate en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review en-keyword=Japanese kn-keyword=Japanese END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2324709620953283 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200829 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-Term Control of Macular Edema With Adalimumab After Cataract Surgery in a Japanese Child With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Case Report and Review of 26 Japanese Patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis?associated uveitis is rare in the Japanese population. In this article, we report a child whose macular edema was controlled for years after cataract surgery with adalimumab, and reviewed 26 Japanese patients in the literature. In this case report, a 4-year-old boy developed band keratopathy, posterior iris synechiae, and complicated cataract in both eyes. Oral prednisolone prescribed at another hospital was discontinued due to high intraocular pressure in both eyes as a steroid responder. At the age of 5 years, he started oral methotrexate 8 mg weekly for recurrent bilateral iridocyclitis and then underwent lensectomy with core vitrectomy in both eyes. Planned intraocular lens implantation was cancelled at surgery because the anterior vitreous had severe inflammatory opacity with diffuse retinal edema in both eyes. Due to persistent macular edema in both eyes 5 months postoperatively, at the age of 6 years, he began to use adalimumab injection 20 mg every 2 weeks. The macular structure depicted by optical coherence tomography became normal in 2 months. At final visit at the age of 11 years, he had the best-corrected visual acuity of 0.8 in the right eye and 0.4 in the left eye, with adalimumab 40 mg every 2 weeks and methotrexate 8 mg weekly. In conclusion, macular edema persistent despite oral methotrexate after cataract surgery could be controlled for long term by adalimumab in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In the Japanese literature, only 26 additional cases with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?associated uveitis have been reported so far. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YashiroMasato en-aut-sei=Yashiro en-aut-mei=Masato kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= Pediatrics, Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=juvenile idiopathic arthritis kn-keyword=juvenile idiopathic arthritis en-keyword=JIA kn-keyword=JIA en-keyword=macular edema kn-keyword=macular edema en-keyword=uveitis kn-keyword=uveitis en-keyword=adalimumab kn-keyword=adalimumab en-keyword=steroid responder kn-keyword=steroid responder en-keyword=cataract surgery kn-keyword=cataract surgery en-keyword=methotrexate kn-keyword=methotrexate en-keyword=literature review kn-keyword=literature review en-keyword=Japanese kn-keyword=Japanese END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2903 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Step-by-Step Procedure to Test Photoelectric Dye-Coupled Polyethylene Film as Retinal Prosthesis to Induce Light-Evoked Spikes in Isolated Retinal Dystrophic Tissue of rd1 Mice en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: Multielectrode array recording for electric activity in cardiac and neuronal cells has been developed as preclinical tests for drug screening. This study aims to establish an in vitro assay system, using the multielectrode array, to record light-evoked spikes in isolated degenerative retinal tissues of retinal dystrophic rd1 mouse, as a preclinical test to examine the efficacy of photoelectric dye-coupled thin film retinal prosthesis.
Methods: Light-evoked spike response was tested for 1 min at first step in the isolated degenerative retinal tissue of retinal dystrophic rd1 mouse only on the multielectrode array, tested in the same retinal tissue overlain with a plain control film for light-off and light-on 10 min each at second step, and tested in the same tissue overlain with a dye-coupled film at third step. The retinal tissues which showed light-evoked response at first or second step were not used for evaluation at third step.
Results: Residual light-evoked spikes were recorded at first or second step in 18 of 35 retinal tissues (51%) at 6 weeks of the age in rd1 mice, 16 of 44 tissues (36%) at 7 weeks, and 10 of 39 tissues (25%) at 8 weeks. At third step, light-evoked spikes were recorded with dye-coupled films in 8 of 17 retinal tissues (47%) at 6 weeks, 10 of 28 tissues (35%) at 7 weeks, and 8 of 29 tissues (27%) at 8 weeks.
Conclusion: A step-by-step procedure with internal control was established to measure light-evoked spikes by the multielectrode array in the isolated degenerative retinal tissue to evaluate photoelectric dye-coupled thin films. This preclinical study would present one line of evidence for the efficacy of photoelectric dye-coupled thin film retinal prosthesis towards a first-in-human clinical trial. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TeradaKeiko en-aut-sei=Terada en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakuraiMikako en-aut-sei=Sakurai en-aut-mei=Mikako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=LiuShihu en-aut-sei=Liu en-aut-mei=Shihu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Research Center, Techno Pro, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Research Center, Techno Pro, Inc. kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine (Ophthalmology), Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= en-keyword=Photoelectric dye kn-keyword=Photoelectric dye en-keyword=Polyethylene thin film kn-keyword=Polyethylene thin film en-keyword=Spike kn-keyword=Spike en-keyword=Degenerative retina kn-keyword=Degenerative retina en-keyword=Retinal dystrophic rd1 mouse kn-keyword=Retinal dystrophic rd1 mouse END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2842 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200613 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The Timing for Diagnosis of Anisometropia in Japanese Children with Congenital Eyelid Ptosis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose: The difference in refractive errors between both eyes, namely, anisometropia, is a known complication in congenital blepharoptosis. This study searched the timing of diagnosis of anisometropia in children with congenital blepharoptosis.
Methods: Retrospective review was made on medical records of 20 consecutive patients with congenital blepharoptosis at Okayama University Hospital from 2004 to 2018.
Results: T he age at the initial visit ranged from 1 month to 5 years 1 month (median, 5.5 months), and the follow-up period from 1 year 8 months to 13 years 5 months (median, 5 years 5 months). Blepharoptosis was on the right side in 6 patients, on the left side in 10, and on both sides in 4. Four patients underwent levator muscle plication at the age ranging from 3 months to 6 years 2 months: One patient on the right side, 2 on the left side, and one on both sides. Nine patients were found to have anisometropia, defined as hyperopic difference of 2 or more diopters between both eyes, or astigmatic difference of 2 or more diopters between both eyes, and astigmatism of 3 or more diopters in both eyes (ametropia), at the age ranging from 1 year 3 months to 3 years 6 months (median, 3 years). Four of the 9 patients with anisometropia showed unilateral amblyopia as the best-corrected visual acuity in decimals ranging from 0.2 to 0.5. The remaining 11 patients without anisometropia had normal levels of visual acuity in both eyes. Anisometropia was found in 3 of 4 patients with surgery and 6 of 16 patients with no surgery (no significant difference at chi-square test).
Conclusion: About a half of children with congenital blepharoptosis was found to have anisometropia at the age of 1 to 3 years. Care must be taken on refraction and glasses prescription at these ages. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= en-keyword=Congenital blepharoptosis kn-keyword=Congenital blepharoptosis en-keyword=Anisometropia kn-keyword=Anisometropia en-keyword=Levater muscle placation kn-keyword=Levater muscle placation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=2847 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200615 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Superior Conjunctiva-Sparing Intraocular Lens-Suturing Technique with Straight Long Suture Needles Advanced from the Opposite Side en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background: The superior conjunctiva has to be preserved in eyes with trabeculectomy or in eyes with exfoliation glaucoma for future surgery. Under the circumstances, surgical approach for spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation should be limited to temporal and nasal area of the conjunctiva. A surgical technique for intraocular lens-suturing was designed to spare the superior conjunctiva.
Methods: Dislocated in-the-bag intraocular lens was removed with 25G or 27G vitreous forceps from sclerocorneal incision on the temporal side after the insertion of 25G or 27G trocars with infusion cannula. A straightened long needle with 10-0 polypropylene was inserted through the sclerocorneal incision and pierced to the nasal sclera. With pulling the suture of the nasal haptic, the optic was inserted with a forceps and then the temporal haptic with polypropylene suture was pushed into the posterior chamber. The needle head of the suture tied with the temporal haptic was inserted through the sclerocorneal incision and pushed out through the limbal side port on the nasal side. The needle head was then held with a needle holder and the needle tip was pierced to the temporal sclera. The sutures were secured on the scleral surface and vitrectomy was done to confirm no retinal detachment.
Results: The surgery was done in 18 eyes of 14 consecutive patients: 11 men and 3 women with the age at surgery ranging from 28 to 89 years (mean, 67 years); 4 patients in both eyes on separate occasions, 3 in the right eye, and 7 in the left eye. Predisposing factors for the dislocation were history of vitrectomy in 5 eyes of 4 patients, exfoliation in 6 eyes of 4 patients, history of uveitis in 6 eyes of 5 patients, and history of trabeculectomy in one eye of one patient. All patients had no surgical complication and gained significantly better visual acuity after the surgery (P=0.0008).
Conclusion: It is technically feasible and easy to advance straight needles for intraocular lenssuturing from the opposite side on the nasal-to-temporal plane to spare the superior conjunctiva. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems kn-affil= en-keyword=Trabeculectomy kn-keyword=Trabeculectomy en-keyword=Filtering surgery kn-keyword=Filtering surgery en-keyword=In-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation kn-keyword=In-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation en-keyword=Intraocular lens-suturing kn-keyword=Intraocular lens-suturing en-keyword=Conjunctiva-sparing kn-keyword=Conjunctiva-sparing END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=5 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190812 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-term Outcome in 7 Patients With Idiopathic Orbital Myositis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Purpose:
Idiopathic orbital myositis, a rare disease of unknown cause, presents a diagnostic puzzle because the diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other diseases. This study aims at elucidating its long-term outcome to answer a clinical question whether idiopathic orbital myositis would be a distinct clinical entity.
Methods:
Retrospective review was made on 7 consecutive patients (6 men and 1 woman) with the age at the initial visit ranging from 33 to 69?years (mean, 45.8?years) who were diagnosed with idiopathic orbital myositis and followed for 5?years or more (mean, 9.2?years) at a referral-based hospital.
Results:
Chief complaint at the initial visit was diplopia in 4 patients, blurred vision in 2 patients, and proptosis in 1 patient. On magnetic resonance imaging, 4 patients showed enlargement of a single extraocular muscle on unilateral side while 3 patients showed enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles on unilateral side or bilateral sides. No patient developed systemic diseases or other orbital lesions in the long-term follow-up. All patients at the last visit were free from symptoms, including diplopia, after tapering of prednisolone at the initial dose of 20 to 60?mg daily.
Conclusion:
Idiopathic orbital myositis had a favorable long-term outcome with corticosteroid administration and appears to be a distinct clinical entity without systemic involvement. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= en-keyword=Orbital myositis kn-keyword=Orbital myositis en-keyword=extraocular muscle kn-keyword=extraocular muscle en-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging kn-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging en-keyword=diplopia kn-keyword=diplopia en-keyword=immunoglobulin G4 kn-keyword=immunoglobulin G4 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=168 end-page=174 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191222 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Are there primary intraocular lymphomas that do not develop into central nervous system lymphomas? en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Primary intraocular lymphomas frequently develop into central nervous system lymphomas and vice versa. This study reviewed 22 consecutive patients with primary intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by immunostaining of vitrectomy cell blocks, and examined whether they developed central nervous system lymphoma. Seventeen patients developed central nervous system lymphoma: 3 patients developed intraocular and central nervous system lymphoma simultaneously, 9 patients developed central nervous system lymphoma 1 month to 5 years (median, 3 months) after intraocular lymphoma, and 5 patients developed central nervous system lymphoma preceding the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma by 3 months to 9 years and 8 months (median, 1.5 years). In contrast, 5 patients did not develop central nervous system lymphoma: 2 patients did not develop local recurrence or central nervous system lymphoma in the follow-up period of 5 years and 11 years, respectively, after vitrectomy alone without additional local or systemic treatment. The remaining 3 patients with intraocular lymphoma had insufficient follow-up periods to determine the prognosis. The results of CD5 immunostaining of vitrectomy specimens were found in pathology reports of 8 patients: 3 patients with CD5-positive large cells and 4 patients with CD5-negative large cells developed central nervous system lymphoma. In summary, only a small number of patients did not develop central nervous system lymphoma based on long-term follow-up after vitrectomy alone. CD5 was not a marker of central nervous system involvement in this study population. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital and Okayama University Medical School kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=Intraocular lymphoma kn-keyword=Intraocular lymphoma en-keyword= central nervous system lymphoma kn-keyword= central nervous system lymphoma en-keyword=CD5 kn-keyword=CD5 en-keyword=vitrectomy cell block kn-keyword=vitrectomy cell block en-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma kn-keyword=diffuse large B-cell lymphoma END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=1 end-page=6 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20191120 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Lacrimal Sac Malignant Melanoma in 15 Japanese Patients: Case Report and Literature Review en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Background. Primary malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is rare. A patient with lacrimal sac melanoma was presented, and 14 Japanese patients with lacrimal sac melanoma in the literature were reviewed. Case Presentation. A 78-year-old Japanese man was presented with painless swelling of the lacrimal sac on the left side. Dacryocystectomy revealed diffuse infiltration with large epithelioid cells, sometimes with pigments, which were positive for cocktail mix of antibodies to tyrosinase, melan A (MART-1), and HMB45, leading to pathological diagnosis of melanoma. One month later, positron emission tomography (PET) revealed 2 high-uptake sites (SUVmax = 10.29 and 15.38) at the levels of medial canthus and nasolacrimal duct, but no abnormal uptake in the other site of the body. The lesion had the BRAF V600E mutation. He began to take daily oral dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor), leading to no abnormal uptake on PET in half a year. He had stable disease in good physical status with small and weak uptake sites of lymph nodes on PET 1 year later. Results. In the review of 15 Japanese patients, including this patient, local recurrence was noted in 4 patients, regional lymph node metastasis only in 3, distant metastasis in 6, and no metastasis in 6. Five patients died within 2 years and the others were alive in short follow-up periods. Conclusions. Chemotherapy was the standard for local recurrence or metastasis. Emerging molecular target drugs, as shown in the present patient, would change the strategy for management of lacrimal sac melanoma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TanakaTakehiro en-aut-sei=Tanaka en-aut-mei=Takehiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiOsamu en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineeing in Health Systems kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= en-keyword=BRAF inhibitor kn-keyword=BRAF inhibitor en-keyword=BRAF mutation kn-keyword=BRAF mutation en-keyword=MEK inhibitor kn-keyword=MEK inhibitor en-keyword=PET/CT kn-keyword=PET/CT en-keyword=dabrafenib kn-keyword=dabrafenib en-keyword=lacrimal sac kn-keyword=lacrimal sac en-keyword=malignant melanoma kn-keyword=malignant melanoma en-keyword=trametinib kn-keyword=trametinib END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=5 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=e01936 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=20190630 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vision evaluation by functional observational battery, operant behavior test, and light/dark box test in retinal dystrophic RCS rats versus normal rats en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=BACKGROUND:
Vision plays a key role in some behavior tests for rats. Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis (OUReP) is a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film which generates electric potential in response to light and stimulates nearby neurons. This study aims to assess vision in retinal dystrophic (RCS) rats, in comparison with normal rats, by selected behavior tests. We also examined whether the tests could detect vision changes in RCS rats with dye-coupled film implantation.
METHODS:
Data sets were 5 normal rats, 4 untreated RCS rats, 7 RCS rats with dye-coupled films implanted at the age of 7 weeks after excluding unsuccessful implantation at autopsy. Behavior tests chosen were landing foot splay and visual forelimb-placing response in the menu of functional observational battery, operant-conditioning lever-press response and light/dark box test.
RESULTS:
Normal visual placing response was significantly less frequent in untreated RCS rats at the age of 9 and 11 weeks, compared with normal rats (P = 0.0027, chi-square test) while normal response was significantly more frequent at the age of 9 weeks in RCS rats with dye-coupled film implantation, compared with untreated RCS rats (P = 0.0221). In operant-conditioning lever-press test, the correct response rate was significantly lower in untreated RCS rats than in normal rats at the age of 9 weeks (P < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer test) while the rate was not significantly different between normal rats and RCS rats with dye-coupled film implantation. In light/dark box test, the time to enter dark box was significantly shorter in normal rats, compared with untreated RCS rats or RCS rats with dye-coupled film implantation (P < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer test).
CONCLUSIONS:
Behavior tests of functional observational battery, operant-conditioning lever-press response and light/dark box test discriminated vision between normal rats and RCS rats. The visual placing response and operant-conditioning lever-press test might have sensitivity to detect vision recovery in RCS rats with OUReP implantation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamashitaKoichiro en-aut-sei=Yamashita en-aut-mei=Koichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=Takei Shigiko en-aut-sei=Takei en-aut-mei= Shigiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=Ido Daisuke en-aut-sei=Ido en-aut-mei= Daisuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=Fujiwara Atsushi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei= Atsushi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=Iino Masahiko en-aut-sei=Iino en-aut-mei= Masahiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=Oguchi Masao en-aut-sei=Oguchi en-aut-mei= Masao kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Polymer Materials Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Ina Research kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Ina Research kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Ina Research kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Ina Research kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Ina Research kn-affil= en-keyword=Bioengineering kn-keyword=Bioengineering en-keyword=Neuroscience kn-keyword=Neuroscience en-keyword=Physiology kn-keyword=Physiology en-keyword=Zoology kn-keyword=Zoology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=8 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=201503 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Light-responsive dye stimulates sight in genetically blind patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=127 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=223 end-page=229 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20151201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Investigator (doctor)-initiated clinical trial of photoelectric dye-coupled thin film (Okayama University-type) retinal prosthesis kn-title=色素結合薄膜型（岡山大学方式）の人工網膜（OURePTM）の医師主導治験 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=内田哲也 kn-aut-sei=内田 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院自然科学研究科 en-keyword=人工網膜 kn-keyword=人工網膜 en-keyword=OUReP kn-keyword=OUReP en-keyword=医師主導治験 kn-keyword=医師主導治験 en-keyword=色素結合薄膜 kn-keyword=色素結合薄膜 en-keyword=網膜色素変性 kn-keyword=網膜色素変性 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=317 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140625 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Glass transition temperature of dried lens tissue pretreated with trehalose, maltose, or cyclic tetrasaccharide en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=[PURPOSE] Glass transition temperature is a main indicator for amorphous polymers and biological macromolecules as materials, and would be a key for understanding the role of trehalose in protecting proteins and cells against desiccation. In this study, we measured the glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry of dried lens tissues as a model of a whole biological tissue to know the effect of pretreatment by trehalose and other sugars. [METHODS] Isolated porcine lenses were incubated with saline, 100 or 1000 mM concentration of trehalose, maltose, or cyclic tetrasaccharide dissolved in saline at room temperature for 150 minutes. The solutions were removed and all samples were dried at room temperature in a desiccator until no weight change. The dried tissues were ground into powder and placed in a measuring pan for differential scanning calorimetry. [RESULTS] The glass transition temperature of the dried lens tissues, as a mean and standard deviation, was 63.0?±?6.4°C (n?=?3) with saline pretreatment; 53.0?±?0.8°C and 56.3?±?2.7°C (n?=?3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM trehalose pretreatment; 56.0?±?1.6°C and 55.8?±?1.1°C (n?=?3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM maltose pretreatment; 60.0?±?8.8°C and 59.2?±?6.3°C (n?=?3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM cyclic tetrasaccharide pretreatment. The glass transition temperature appeared lower, although not significantly, with trehalose and maltose pretreatments than with saline and cyclic tetrasaccharide pretreatments (P?>?0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). The glass transition temperature of the dried lens tissues with trehalose pretreatment appeared more noticeable on the thermogram, compared with other pretreatments. [CONCLUSIONS] The glass transition temperature was measured for the first time in the dried lens tissues as an example of a whole biological tissue and might provide a basis for tissue preservation in the dried condition. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KawataTetsuhiro en-aut-sei=Kawata en-aut-mei=Tetsuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Polymer Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering and Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology en-keyword=Trehalose kn-keyword=Trehalose en-keyword=Glass transition temperature kn-keyword=Glass transition temperature en-keyword=Lens kn-keyword=Lens en-keyword=Differential scanning calorimetry kn-keyword=Differential scanning calorimetry en-keyword=Desiccation; Maltose kn-keyword=Desiccation; Maltose en-keyword=Cyclic tetrasaccharide kn-keyword=Cyclic tetrasaccharide en-keyword=Biological tissue kn-keyword=Biological tissue en-keyword=Tissue preservation kn-keyword=Tissue preservation en-keyword=Regenerative medicine kn-keyword=Regenerative medicine END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=166 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150407 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical factors underlying a single surgery or repetitive surgeries to treat superior oblique muscle palsy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study is to know clinical factors underlying either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat superior oblique muscle palsy. Retrospective review was made on 246 consecutive patients with idiopathic (n = 212) or acquired (n = 34) superior oblique muscle palsy who underwent surgeries in 8 years at one institution. Idiopathic palsy included congenital and decompensated palsies while acquired palsy included traumatic and ischemic palsies. Clinical factors, compared between groups with a single surgery (n = 203) and two or more surgeries (n = 43), were surgical methods, sex, age at surgery, horizontal, vertical, and cyclotorsional deviations, and stereopsis at near fixation. Inferior oblique muscle recession on paretic side was chosen in about 60% of the single-surgery and repetitive-surgery group as an initial surgery, followed by inferior rectus muscle recession on non-paretic side. The age at surgery was significantly older, vertical and cyclotorsional deviations were significantly larger in the repetitive-surgery group, compared with the single-surgery group (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively). The 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations was 15-17 prism diopters in the single-surgery group and 23-28 prism diopters in the repetitive surgery group. Significant differences in vertical deviations were replicated also in subgroups of patients with either idiopathic or acquired palsy. In conclusions, the 95% confidence interval of vertical deviations, determined by alternate prism and cover test, would be used as a common benchmark for predicting either a single surgery or repetitive surgeries, required to treat idiopathic and acquired superior oblique muscle palsy, in the process of obtaining the informed consent. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=AobaKana en-aut-sei=Aoba en-aut-mei=Kana kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiIchiro en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeKayoko en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Kayoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Superior oblique muscle palsy kn-keyword=Superior oblique muscle palsy en-keyword=Surgery kn-keyword=Surgery en-keyword=Inferior oblique muscle recession kn-keyword=Inferior oblique muscle recession en-keyword=Inferior rectus muscle recession kn-keyword=Inferior rectus muscle recession en-keyword=Vertical deviation kn-keyword=Vertical deviation en-keyword=Cyclotorsional deviation (torsion) kn-keyword=Cyclotorsional deviation (torsion) en-keyword=95% confidence interval kn-keyword=95% confidence interval en-keyword=Informed consent kn-keyword=Informed consent en-keyword=Repetitive surgeries; Superior rectus muscle recession kn-keyword=Repetitive surgeries; Superior rectus muscle recession END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=3 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=361 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2014 dt-pub=20140716 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intraocular lens implantation in unilateral congenital cataract with minimal levels of persistent fetal vasculature in the first 18 months of life en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=[PURPOSE] To describe the incidence of unilateral congenital cataract associated with minimal (ultrasonically undetectable) levels of persistent fetal vasculature in the first 18 months of the life and to report surgical methods for intraocular lens implantation, using 25-gauge vitrectomy system. [METHODS] Retrospective review was made on 16 consecutive patients with bilateral or unilateral congenital cataract in the first 18 months of the life who underwent surgery at Okayama University Hospital after the introduction of the 25-gauge vitrectomy system from October 2005 to March 2013. As the standard of care at this hospital in the study period, intraocular lenses were not implanted in children with bilateral cataract while intraocular lenses were implanted in those with unilateral cataract. [RESULTS] Ten children with bilateral cataract underwent lensectomy in both eyes with a 25-gauge vitreous cutter under irrigation with a 25-gauge infusion cannula, inserted from two side ports at the corneal limbus. Six children with unilateral cataract underwent intraocular lens implantation and posterior capsulotomy after lens aspiration from limbal side ports. No patient showed vitreous abnormalities on ultrasound examinations before the surgery. At the surgery, all 10 children with bilateral cataract showed no additional abnormalities. In contrast, 3 children with unilateral cataract at the age younger than 12 months showed white fibrous tissue in the anterior vitreous integrated with the posterior lens capsule while the other 3 children with unilateral cataract at the age from 12 to 18 months did not have vitreous abnormalities. The fibrous tissue was cut together in the process of posterior capsulotomy from a 25-gauge trocar inserted at 1.5 mm posterior from the corneal limbus. [CONCLUSIONS] Unilateral congenital cataract in the first 12 months of the life has a high incidence for the association with anterior type of persistent fetal vasculature which could not be detected by preoperative ultrasound examinations. Intraocular lens implantation was technically feasible in unilateral cataract with or without minimal levels of persistent fetal vasculature in the first 18 months of the life. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Congenital cataract kn-keyword=Congenital cataract en-keyword=Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) kn-keyword=Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) en-keyword=Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) kn-keyword=Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) en-keyword=25-Gauge vitrectomy kn-keyword=25-Gauge vitrectomy en-keyword=Surgery kn-keyword=Surgery en-keyword=Ultrasound examination kn-keyword=Ultrasound examination en-keyword=Lensectomy kn-keyword=Lensectomy en-keyword=Anterior vitrectomy kn-keyword=Anterior vitrectomy en-keyword=Posterior capsulotomy kn-keyword=Posterior capsulotomy en-keyword=Intraocular lens implantation kn-keyword=Intraocular lens implantation END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=534 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150921 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical decision upon resection or observation of ocular surface dermoid lesions with the visual axis unaffected in pediatric patients en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Ocular surface or epibulbar dermoid lesions may present as limbal dermoids at the corneal limbus or dermolipomas in the conjunctival fornix. The purpose of this study is to review clinical features of ocular surface dermoids (grade I), with the visual axis unaffected, in pediatric patients, in order to find key features for making clinical decision, either resection or observation. The study involved 13 consecutive patients with limbal dermoids or fornix dermolipomas which did not affect the visual axis, seen in 11 years at a referral-based institution. Eight patients underwent surgical resection at the age, ranging from 1 to 18 (median, 4) years, with concurrent preauricular appendage resection in 3 patients. Limbal dermoids in 6 patients presented dome-shaped elevation from the ocular surface, and extended in inferotemporal quadrant for 1-2 clock hours. The remaining 2 patients showed dermolipomas in the temporal conjunctival fornix. Postoperative astigmatism at the final visit ranged from 0 to 7 (median, 2.9) diopters in 6 patients with limbal dermoids while ranged from 0 to 1 diopters in 2 patients with fornix dermolipomas. All patients with meaningful astigmatism wore glasses before and after the surgery, resulting in no apparent ametropic or anisometropic amblyopia. Observation was chosen in 5 patients with the age at initial visit, ranging from 0 to 2 (median, 1) years, and the age at the final visit, ranging from 2 to 6 (median, 3) years. Flat limbal dermoids, extending for 1-2 clock hours, were noted in 3 patients, a dome-shaped limbal dermoid for 1 clock hour in one, and a fornix dermolipoma in one. Three patients had preauricular appendages. No patient, except for one with a dome-shaped limbal dermoid, showed astigmatism, greater than one diopter. In conclusions, dome-shaped limbal dermoids were excised while flat limbal dermoids observed. The age at surgery varied largely in pediatric patients with limbal dermoids (grade I) or fornix dermolipomas which did not affect the visual axis. The surgical timing was influenced by surgical scheduling for preauricular appendage resection, determined by a plastic surgeon. Surgical decision was made for cosmetic purposes, but not for medical needs to avoid amblyopia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Limbal dermoid kn-keyword=Limbal dermoid en-keyword=Dermoid cyst kn-keyword=Dermoid cyst en-keyword=Dermolipoma kn-keyword=Dermolipoma en-keyword=Ocular surface kn-keyword=Ocular surface en-keyword=Conjunctival fornix kn-keyword=Conjunctival fornix en-keyword=Astigmatism kn-keyword=Astigmatism en-keyword=Clinical decision kn-keyword=Clinical decision en-keyword=Preauricular appendages or tags kn-keyword=Preauricular appendages or tags en-keyword=Amblyopia kn-keyword=Amblyopia en-keyword=Surgery kn-keyword=Surgery END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=4 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=461 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2015 dt-pub=20150828 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=How far is observation allowed in patients with ectopia lentis? en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Surgical timing for ectopia lentis has not been well described until now. The purpose of this study is to find a benchmark as to how far observation would be allowed in children with ectopia lentis when they and their families are reluctant to go through surgery. Retrospective review was made on 15 consecutive patients (14 children and one adult) with ectopia lentis in both eyes, seen at a referral-based institution in 5 years from April 2008 to March 2013, to survey the reasons for continuing observation or deciding surgical intervention. The diagnoses were Marfan syndrome in six patients, familial ectopia lentis in six, and sporadic ectopia lentis in three. Observation was continued in nine patients with the age at the final visit, ranging from 4 to 17 (median 9) years, because six children had good visual acuity at both near and distant viewing with glasses, and three children had visual acuity of 0.4 at near viewing despites poor visual acuity at distant viewing with glasses. In contrast, lensectomy was determined in six patients (5 children and one adult) with the age at surgery, ranging from 4 to 36 (median 9) years, and the age at the final visit, ranging from 7 to 42 (median 11) years, mainly because of poor visual acuity at near and distant viewing. More specific causes for surgeries in five children were the optical axis to become aphakic due to the progression of ectopia in the course in two children, lens dislocation to the anterior chamber after blunt eye injury in one child, and difficulty in studying at school classes in two children. One adult patient developed cataract in ectopic lenses. Lensectomy, combined with anterior vitrectomy, was done from two limbal side ports with a 25-gauge infusion cannula and vitreous cutter. Two patients at the age of 16 and 36 years, additionally, underwent intraocular lens-suturing in both eyes. In conclusions, observation was continued in children with ectopia lentis who had good visual acuity at near viewing. The visual acuity at near viewing, 0.4 or better, would give a benchmark for continuing observation in children with ectopia lentis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=Ectopia lentis kn-keyword=Ectopia lentis en-keyword=Clinical decision kn-keyword=Clinical decision en-keyword=25-gauge vitrectomy system kn-keyword=25-gauge vitrectomy system en-keyword=Lensectomy kn-keyword=Lensectomy en-keyword=Visual acuity kn-keyword=Visual acuity en-keyword=Marfan syndrome kn-keyword=Marfan syndrome en-keyword=Intraocular lens implantation kn-keyword=Intraocular lens implantation en-keyword=Observation kn-keyword=Observation en-keyword=Aphakia kn-keyword=Aphakia en-keyword=Children kn-keyword=Children END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=16 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=343 end-page=351 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201309 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Behavior tests and immunohistochemical retinal response analyses in RCS rats with subretinal implantation of Okayama-University-type retinal prosthesis en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We have developed a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film as a prototype of retinal prosthesis, which we named Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis. The purposes of this study are to conduct behavior tests to assess vision in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats that underwent subretinal implantation of the dye-coupled film and to reveal retinal response to the dye-coupled film by immunohistochemistry. Polyethylene films were made of polyethylene powder at refined purity, and photoelectric dyes were coupled to the film surface at higher density compared with the prototype. Either dye-coupled film or dye-uncoupled plain film used as a control was implanted subretinally from a scleral incision in both eyes of an RCS rat at 6 weeks of the age. Behavior tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after implantation were conducted by observing head turning or body turning in the direction consistent with clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of a black-and-white-striped drum around a transparent cage housed with the rat. After the behavior tests at 8 weeks, rats' eyes were enucleated to confirm subretinal implantation of the films and processed for immunohistochemistry. In the behavior tests, the number of head turnings consistent with the direction of the drum rotation was significantly larger in RCS rats with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation [P < 0.05, repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), n = 7]. The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly smaller in eyes with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test, n = 6). In conclusion, subretinal implantation of photoelectric dye-coupled films restored vision in RCS rats and prevented the remaining retinal neurons from apoptosis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=Alamusi en-aut-sei=Alamusi en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HosoyaOsamu en-aut-sei=Hosoya en-aut-mei=Osamu kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsutsuiKimiko M. en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Kimiko M. kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Neurogen affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Med Sch, Dept Neurogen affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univ Fac Engn, Div Polymer Mat Sci en-keyword=Retinal prosthesis kn-keyword=Retinal prosthesis en-keyword=Photoelectric dye kn-keyword=Photoelectric dye en-keyword=Polyethylene film kn-keyword=Polyethylene film en-keyword=RCS rat kn-keyword=RCS rat en-keyword=Behavior test kn-keyword=Behavior test en-keyword=Apoptosis kn-keyword=Apoptosis en-keyword=Immunohistochemistry kn-keyword=Immunohistochemistry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=177 end-page=183 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Postural Stability Changes during Large Vertical Diplopia Induced by Prism Wear in Normal Subjects en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=To test the effect of double vision on postural stability, we measured postural stability by electric stabilometry before prism-wearing and immediately, 15, 30, and 60min after continuous prism-wearing with 6 prism diopters in total (a 3-prism-diopter prism placed with the base up in front of one eye and with the base down in front of the other eye) in 20 normal adult individuals with their eyes open or closed. Changes in stabilometric parameters in the time course of 60min were analyzed statistically by repeated-measure analysis of variance. When subjectsｾ eyes were closed, the total linear length (cm) and the unit-time length (cm/sec) of the sway path were significantly shortened during the 60-minute prism-wearing (p＜0.05). No significant change was noted in any stabilometric parameters obtained with the eyes open during the time course. In conclusion, postural stability did not change with the eyes open in the condition of large vertical diplopia, induced by prism-wearing for 60min, while the stability became better when measured with the eyes closed. A postural control mechanism other than that derived from visual input might be reinforced under abnormal visual input such as non-fusionable diplopia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamasakiHanako en-aut-sei=Yamasaki en-aut-mei=Hanako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaHirotaka en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Hirotaka kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeKayoko en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Kayoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Undergraduate Course for Medicine, Okayama University Medical School affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Undergraduate Course for Medicine, Okayama University Medical School affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Hospital en-keyword=body sway kn-keyword=body sway en-keyword=postural stability (postural control) kn-keyword=postural stability (postural control) en-keyword=stabilometry kn-keyword=stabilometry en-keyword=prism kn-keyword=prism en-keyword=vertical diplopia kn-keyword=vertical diplopia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=67 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=87 end-page=91 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2013 dt-pub=201304 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Stereoscopic Three-Dimensional Images of an Anatomical Dissection of the Eyeball and Orbit for Educational Purposes en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=The purpose of this study was to develop a series of stereoscopic anatomical images of the eye and orbit for use in the curricula of medical schools and residency programs in ophthalmology and other specialties. Layer-by-layer dissection of the eyelid, eyeball, and orbit of a cadaver was performed by an ophthalmologist. A stereoscopic camera system was used to capture a series of anatomical views that were scanned in a panoramic three-dimensional manner around the center of the lid fissure. The images could be rotated 360 degrees in the frontal plane and the angle of views could be tilted up to 90 degrees along the anteroposterior axis perpendicular to the frontal plane around the 360 degrees. The skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, and upper and lower tarsus were sequentially observed. The upper and lower eyelids were removed to expose the bulbar conjunctiva and to insert three 25-gauge trocars for vitrectomy at the location of the pars plana. The cornea was cut at the limbus, and the lens with mature cataract was dislocated. The sclera was cut to observe the trocars from inside the eyeball. The sclera was further cut to visualize the superior oblique muscle with the trochlea and the inferior oblique muscle. The eyeball was dissected completely to observe the optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery. The thin bones of the medial and inferior orbital wall were cracked with a forceps to expose the ethmoid and maxillary sinus, respectively. In conclusion, the serial dissection images visualized aspects of the local anatomy specific to various procedures, including the levator muscle and tarsus for blepharoptosis surgery, 25-gauge trocars as viewed from inside the eye globe for vitrectomy, the oblique muscles for strabismus surgery, and the thin medial and inferior orbital bony walls for orbital bone fractures. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakedaYoshimasa en-aut-sei=Takeda en-aut-mei=Yoshimasa kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukaAiji en-aut-sei=Ohtsuka en-aut-mei=Aiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Departments of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=stereoscopic camera-captured images kn-keyword=stereoscopic camera-captured images en-keyword=education kn-keyword=education en-keyword=local anatomical dissection kn-keyword=local anatomical dissection en-keyword=orbit kn-keyword=orbit en-keyword=eye kn-keyword=eye END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=66 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=493 end-page=497 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2012 dt-pub=201212 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Timing of Prophylactic and Early Vitrectomy for First-Presenting or Recurrent Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) is a herpetic infectious eye disease that presents clinicians with difficult decisions to make about the indication and timing of surgical intervention. Here I report 2 patients who underwent prophylactic and early vitrectomy with good visual outcomes. Case 1, a 72-year-old man, had a second recurrence of ARNS in the left eye in 2011 and underwent early vitrectomy in the acute inflammatory phase to remove previously formed vitreous opacity and vitreoretinal adhesions, in parallel with intravenous acyclovir and oral prednisolone administration. He had experienced ARNS in the right eye in 1983, in the left eye in 1986, and a recurrence in the left eye in 1999. Case 2, a 66-year-old woman, developed ARNS in the right eye. All of the circumferential retinal lesions became degenerative with intravenous acyclovir and prednisolone. She underwent a vitrectomy in the post-inflammatory phase, since epiretinal proliferation was noted through vitreous opacity with complete posterior vitreous detachment. These cases suggest that early vitrectomy in the acute inflammatory phase would be indicated for pre-existing vitreoretinal adhesions, while prophylactic vitrectomy in the post-inflammatory phase would be indicated for epiretinal proliferation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences en-keyword=acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) kn-keyword=acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) en-keyword=early vitrectomy kn-keyword=early vitrectomy en-keyword=epiretinal proliferation kn-keyword=epiretinal proliferation en-keyword=prophylactic vitrectomy kn-keyword=prophylactic vitrectomy en-keyword=herpetic retinitis kn-keyword=herpetic retinitis END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=65 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=135 end-page=141 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2011 dt-pub=201104 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Long-term effect of external beam radiotherapy of optic disc hemangioma in a patient with von hippel-lindau disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=An 18-year-old woman with a 2-year history of hypertension and headache was diagnosed with noradrenalin-secreting bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas with paragangliomas in the background of von Hippel-Lindau disease with family histories and a missense mutation, 712C to T (Arg167Trp) in the VHL gene. She had optic disc hemangioma in the left eye which gradually enlarged and caused serous retinal detachment on the macula in one year. Low-dose external beam radiation (20 Gy) was administered to the left eye using a lens-sparing single lateral technique. She underwent craniotomy for cerebellar hemangioblastoma at the age of 22 years and total pancreatectomy for multiple neuroendocrine tumors at the age of 24 years. In the 6-year follow-up period after the radiotherapy, the optic disc hemangioma gradually reduced in size and its activity remained low, allowing good central vision to be maintained. External beam radiation is recommended as a treatment option for the initial therapy for optic disc hemangioma. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=HimeiKengo en-aut-sei=Himei en-aut-mei=Kengo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshiiKeita en-aut-sei=Ishii en-aut-mei=Keita kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchimuraKouichi en-aut-sei=Ichimura en-aut-mei=Kouichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=YanaiHiroyuki en-aut-sei=Yanai en-aut-mei=Hiroyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoseSoichiro en-aut-sei=Nose en-aut-mei=Soichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MimuraTetsushige en-aut-sei=Mimura en-aut-mei=Tetsushige kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Departments of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Medicine, Chugoku Central Hospital affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Pathology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Departments of Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital en-keyword=retinal (papillary, optic disc) hemangioma kn-keyword=retinal (papillary, optic disc) hemangioma en-keyword=von Hippel-Lindau disease kn-keyword=von Hippel-Lindau disease en-keyword=pheochromocytoma kn-keyword=pheochromocytoma en-keyword=pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor kn-keyword=pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor en-keyword=external beam radiation (radiotherapy) kn-keyword=external beam radiation (radiotherapy) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=122 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=219 end-page=223 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2010 dt-pub=20101201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Radiotherapy for choroidal hemangioma kn-title=脈絡膜血管腫に対する放射線治療 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=PURPOSE: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma is an uncommon, benign vascular tumor that typically appears in the posterior pole of the eye. Visual acuity loss typically results from its exudation, followed by serous retinal detachment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of external beam irradiation in treating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. METHODS: We treated 4 eyes of 4 patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma with external beam irradiation at Okayama University Hospital from 2002 to 2009. A total absorbed dose of 20 Gy (beam energy, 4, 10 MV) was applied to each of the 4 patients. Each patient received a single 2-Gy daily fraction for five consecutive days in a week, for two consecutive weeks. RESULTS: In all cases, the retinal detachment showed complete resolution within 8 to 48 days after treatment. A decrease in tumor thickness was observed in all cases except one in which the follow-up period was rather short (3.7 months). The visual acuity improved in all 4 eyes. No eyes showed deterioration of visual acuity. During follow-up periods of 3.7 months to 58.5 months, there were no signs of radiation-induced cataract, retinopathy or optic neuropathy. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=HaradaSosuke en-aut-sei=Harada en-aut-mei=Sosuke kn-aut-name=原田聡介 kn-aut-sei=原田 kn-aut-mei=聡介 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakemotoMitsuhiro en-aut-sei=Takemoto en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro kn-aut-name=武本充広 kn-aut-sei=武本 kn-aut-mei=充広 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=YoshioKoutarou en-aut-sei=Yoshio en-aut-mei=Koutarou kn-aut-name=吉尾浩太郎 kn-aut-sei=吉尾 kn-aut-mei=浩太郎 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KojimaKatsuhide en-aut-sei=Kojima en-aut-mei=Katsuhide kn-aut-name=児島克英 kn-aut-sei=児島 kn-aut-mei=克英 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatayamaNorihisa en-aut-sei=Katayama en-aut-mei=Norihisa kn-aut-name=片山敬久 kn-aut-sei=片山 kn-aut-mei=敬久 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KatsuiKuniaki en-aut-sei=Katsui en-aut-mei=Kuniaki kn-aut-name=勝井邦彰 kn-aut-sei=勝井 kn-aut-mei=邦彰 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro en-aut-sei=Kuroda en-aut-mei=Masahiro kn-aut-name=黒田昌宏 kn-aut-sei=黒田 kn-aut-mei=昌宏 aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu en-aut-sei=Kanazawa en-aut-mei=Susumu kn-aut-name=金澤右 kn-aut-sei=金澤 kn-aut-mei=右 aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院保健学研究科　放射線技術科学分野 affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　眼科 affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学病院　放射線科 en-keyword=放射線治療 (radiation therapy) kn-keyword=放射線治療 (radiation therapy) en-keyword=照射 (irradiation) kn-keyword=照射 (irradiation) en-keyword=脈絡膜 (choroid) kn-keyword=脈絡膜 (choroid) en-keyword=眼腫瘍 (ocular tumor) kn-keyword=眼腫瘍 (ocular tumor) en-keyword=血管腫 (hemangioma) kn-keyword=血管腫 (hemangioma) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=43 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=125 end-page=131 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=20050201 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Neutrophil and lymphocyte responses to oral Streptococcus in Adamantiades-Behcet's disease en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Immune reactions against microorganisms play an important pathogenic role in Adamantiades-Beh?et’s disease (ABD). We had previously obtained Streptococcus sanguinis (strain BD113-20) isolated from the oral cavity of patients with ABD. To investigate the pathogenesis of this isolate, we examined neutrophil 5 reactions and level of cytokine production by lymphocytes after stimulation with the strain. The reactions of neutrophils were examined by chemiluminescence assay using whole blood. The amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-g) and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by ELISA. 10 Strain BD113-20 activated neutrophils from patients with ABD and healthy volunteers, and, in addition it increased IFN-g production by lymphocytes. Lymphocyte from the patients with ABD showed a dominant T helper 1 (Th-1) immune response. Results indicated that both bacterial stimulation and host hypersensitivity might be involved in the symptoms and pathogenesis of ABD. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=KurauchiTomomi en-aut-sei=Kurauchi en-aut-mei=Tomomi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokotaKenji en-aut-sei=Yokota en-aut-mei=Kenji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujinamiYoshihito en-aut-sei=Fujinami en-aut-mei=Yoshihito kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsogaiEmiko en-aut-sei=Isogai en-aut-mei=Emiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=IsogaiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Isogai en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgumaKeiji en-aut-sei=Oguma en-aut-mei=Keiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Preventive Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Division of Animal Experimentation, Sapporo Medical University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry en-keyword=Adamantiades-Behcet's disease kn-keyword=Adamantiades-Behcet's disease en-keyword=Streptococcus sanguinis kn-keyword=Streptococcus sanguinis en-keyword=neutrophil kn-keyword=neutrophil en-keyword=chemiluminescence kn-keyword=chemiluminescence en-keyword=IL-8 kn-keyword=IL-8 en-keyword=T helper-1 kn-keyword=T helper-1 en-keyword=IFN-gamma kn-keyword=IFN-gamma en-keyword=IL-12 kn-keyword=IL-12 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=9 end-page=16 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200702 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Detection of strabismus and amblyopia in 1.5- and 3-year-old children by a preschool vision-screening program in japan en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=All children at the age of 1.5 and 3 years in Japan undergo physical, mental, and developmental checkups including dental, eye, and hearing examinations. The vision-screening program consists of 3 steps : questionnaires and home visual acuity testing as the first step (only for 3-year-old children), visual acuity testing by nurses and inspection by medical officers at regional Health Centers as the second step, and detailed examinations by ophthalmologists as the third step. This study aims to reveal the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia as obtained from data in the vision-screening program. The final diagnoses made by ophthalmologists and sent back to the Health Centers in Okayama City were reviewed to elucidate the prevalence of strabismus, amblyopia, refractive errors, and other diseases in 1.5- and 3-year-old children in Okayama City in 5 years from 2000 to 2004. Of approximately 6,500-6,900 total children, 83.7-86.8% at 1.5 years old and 77.8-81.9% at 3 years old were brought to the Health Centers. The rates of strabismus were 0.01-0.12% at 1.5 years old and 0.20-0.34% at 3 years old, while the rates of amblyopia were 0% at 1.5 years old and 0.13-0.18% at 3 years old. The higher rates of strabismus at 3 years old were attributed mainly to the increase of exotropia and intermittent exotropia. In conclusions, the prevalence of strabismus was different between 1.5- and 3-year-old children. The vision-screening program in Japan functions to detect strabismus and amblyopia. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuokaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Matsuoka en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=KioKeiko en-aut-sei=Kio en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyoyama Dental Clinic affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Municipal Government Health Care Office affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Municipal Government Health Care Office en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus en-keyword=amblyopia kn-keyword=amblyopia en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=preschool vision screening program kn-keyword=preschool vision screening program END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=305 end-page=309 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200710 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome in Two Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=We describe herein 2 patients who developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in the course of renal biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. A 61-year-old man with an 11-year history of IgA nephropathy and a 16-year history of thyroiditis, and a 56-year-old man with a 5-year history of IgA nephropathy developed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. At the time of the eye disease presentation, IgA nephropathy was stable without corticosteroids in both patients. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome was successfully treated with intravenous administration of prednisolone tapered from 200 mg daily. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome is associated with IgA nephropathy, suggesting a similar autoimmune mechanism for both diseases. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaIkuya en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Ikuya kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaKosuke en-aut-sei=Ota en-aut-mei=Kosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamadoriIchiro en-aut-sei=Yamadori en-aut-mei=Ichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SunamiReiko en-aut-sei=Sunami en-aut-mei=Reiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NoseSoichiro en-aut-sei=Nose en-aut-mei=Soichiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Saiseikai Hospital affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Saiseikai Hospital en-keyword=immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy kn-keyword=immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy en-keyword=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (disease) kn-keyword=Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (disease) END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=61 cd-vols= no-issue=6 article-no= start-page=329 end-page=334 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200712 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Comparison of Prevalence Rates of Strabismus and Amblyopia in Japanese Elementary School Children between the Years 2003 and 2005 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We previously revealed the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in elementary school children between 6 and 12 years of age in Japan in the year 2003. Questionnaires asking the number of children with different types of strabismus and amblyopia were sent to all elementary schools in Okayama Prefecture in the year 2005, and the results in the year 2005 were compared with those obtained in the year 2003. The number of children covered by the return of questionnaires was 84,619 (74%) of 113,763 total pupils, including grades 1 to 6, in Okayama Prefecture in the year 2005. The total numbers of children with strabismus and amblyopia, including grades 1 to 6, were 844 (0.99%, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-1.06%) and 173 (0.20%, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-0.23%), respectively. The numbers of children with any type of exotropia and any type of esotropia were 524 (0.62%) and 187(0.22%), respectively. In the previous survey conducted in 2003, the number of children covered by the return of questionnaires was 86,531 (76%) of 113,254 total pupils. The total numbers of children with strabismus and amblyopia were 1,112 (1.28%, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-1.36%) and 125 (0.14%, 95% confidence interval: 0.12-0.17%), respectively. The numbers of children with any types of exotropia and esotropia were 602 (0.69) and 245 (0.28%), respectively. The prevalence of strabismus in this large population of Japanese elementary school children was significantly different between the years 2003 and 2005, while the prevalence of amblyopia was similar between the years.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyoyama Dental Clinic en-keyword=prevalence kn-keyword=prevalence en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus en-keyword=amblyopia kn-keyword=amblyopia en-keyword=elementary school kn-keyword=elementary school en-keyword=vision screening program kn-keyword=vision screening program END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=109 end-page=116 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200306 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Genome-wide search for strabismus susceptibility loci. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The purpose of this study was to search for chromosomal susceptibility loci for comitant strabismus. Genomic DNA was isolated from 10mL blood taken from each member of 30 nuclear families in which 2 or more siblings are affected by either esotropia or exotropia. A genome-wide search was performed with amplification by polymerase chain reaction of 400 markers in microsatellite regions with approximately 10 cM resolution. For each locus, non-parametric affected sib-pair analysis and non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees (Genehunter software, http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/) were used to calculate multipoint lod scores and non-parametric linkage (NPL) scores, respectively. In sib-pair analysis, lod scores showed basically flat lines with several peaks of 0.25 on all chromosomes. In non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees, NPL scores showed one peak as high as 1.34 on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, and 16, while 2 such peaks were found on chromosomes 3, 9, 11, 12, 18, and 20. Non-parametric linkage analysis for multiple pedigrees of 30 families with comitant strabismus suggested a number of chromosomal susceptibility loci. Our ongoing study involving a larger number of families will refine the accuracy of statistical analysis to pinpoint susceptibility loci for comitant strabismus.</P>

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraHirotake en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Hirotake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SatoMasako en-aut-sei=Sato en-aut-mei=Masako kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamaneTakashi en-aut-sei=Yamane en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KitadaMizue en-aut-sei=Kitada en-aut-mei=Mizue kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=chromosomal susceptibility locus kn-keyword=chromosomal susceptibility locus en-keyword=esotropia kn-keyword=esotropia en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=genome-wide search kn-keyword=genome-wide search en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=257 end-page=260 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200310 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=A simple method for screening photoelectric dyes towards their use for retinal prostheses. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Photoelectric dyes absorb light and convert photon energy to electric potentials. To test whether these dyes could be used for retinal prostheses, a simple in vitro screening system was developed. Retinal neurons were cultured from the eyes of chick embryos at the 10-day embryonic stage, at which time no retinal photoreceptor cells have yet developed. Intracellular calcium elevation was observed with Fluo-4 in cultured retinal neurons before and after photoelectric dye was applied at varying concentrations to the culture medium. Five of 7 photoelectric dyes tested in this in vitro system induced intracellular calcium elevation in cultured chick retinal neurons. The intracellular calcium elevation generated by the 5 photoelectric dyes was blocked by extracellular calcium depletion in the case of all 5 dyes, and, except for one dye, by the presence of voltage-gated calcium channel blockers. The photoelectric dyes absorbed light under an inverted microscope and stimulated retinal neurons. This simple in vitro system allows the screening of photoelectric dyes which can be used for retinal prostheses.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=photoelectric dye (pigment) kn-keyword=photoelectric dye (pigment) en-keyword=chick retinal neurons kn-keyword=chick retinal neurons en-keyword=intracellular calcium kn-keyword=intracellular calcium en-keyword=retinal prostheses kn-keyword=retinal prostheses en-keyword=retinal implant kn-keyword=retinal implant END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=57 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=199 end-page=204 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2003 dt-pub=200308 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical correlations of aggrecan in the resected medial rectus muscle of patients with intermittent exotropia. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of extracellular matrix components such as aggrecan, fibronectin, and laminin in the extraocular muscle of patients with strabismus. Resected tissues of the medial rectus muscle of 47 patients with intermittent exotropia obtained during recession-resection surgery were frozen under liquid nitrogen and pulverized by a Freezer/Mill to solubilize the tissue for enzyme immunoassay. The total amounts of aggrecan, fibronectin, and laminin in the resected tissue were correlated with clinical data of patients such as age, exodeviation, and refractive error. The amount of aggrecan decreased significantly with the advance of age (P < 0.0001, Spearman rank correlation test), while the amount of laminin or fibronectin had no correlation with age. Patients with basic type intermittent exotropia showed larger, although not significantly, amounts of aggrecan than those with convergence insufficiency type (P = 0.0538, Mann-Whitney U-test). The amount of aggrecan may be related to motor aspects of intermittent exotropia.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=yamaneTakashi en-aut-sei=yamane en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=extraocular muscle kn-keyword=extraocular muscle en-keyword=aggrecan kn-keyword=aggrecan en-keyword=laminin kn-keyword=laminin en-keyword=fibronectin kn-keyword=fibronectin en-keyword=intermittent extropia kn-keyword=intermittent extropia END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=59 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=55 end-page=62 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200504 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=ARIX and PHOX2B polymorphisms in patients with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

To identify ARIX gene and PHOX2B gene polymorphisms in patients with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy, 3 exons of the ARIX gene and PHOX2B gene were sequenced by genomic DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing in 31 patients with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy and in 54 normal individuals. A family with a father and one daughter each having congenital superior oblique muscle palsy was also included in this study. Eleven patients with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy had heterozygous nucleotide changes in the ARIX gene, including 4 patients reported on previously. One patient with atrophy of the superior oblique muscle had a new change of T-4G in the promoter region of the ARIX gene. The other 6 patients had a heterozygous nucleotide change of G153A in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the exon 1 of the ARIX gene. These nucleotide changes of the ARIX gene, taken together, had a significant association with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy(P = 0.0022). One patient and 5 patients had heterozygous nucleotide changes of A1106 C and A1121 C in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene, respectively, while these changes were absent in the normal individuals. Two patients had both the G153A change in the 5'-UTR of exon 1 of the ARIX gene and the A1121 C change in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene. In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the ARIX gene and PHOX2B gene may be genetic risk factors for the development of congenital superior oblique muscle palsy.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=JiangYan en-aut-sei=Jiang en-aut-mei=Yan kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=Fujiwarahirotake en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=hirotake kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasudaTatsuji en-aut-sei=Yasuda en-aut-mei=Tatsuji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=congenital superior oblique muscle palsy kn-keyword=congenital superior oblique muscle palsy en-keyword= congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) kn-keyword= congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) en-keyword=ARIX kn-keyword=ARIX en-keyword=PHOX2B kn-keyword=PHOX2B en-keyword=polymorphism kn-keyword=polymorphism END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=63 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=195 end-page=202 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2009 dt-pub=200908 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Is refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer useful in addition to visual acuity testing and questionnaires in preschool vision screening at 3.5 years in Japan? en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The vision-screening program for 3.5-year-old children in Japan consists of 3 steps:questionnaires and home visual acuity testing, visual acuity testing by nurses and inspection by medical officers at regional Public Health Centers, and examinations by ophthalmologists. In this study, we tested refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer in addition to visual acuity testing and inspection to reveal whether or not autorefraction leads to better detection of eye problems. Autorefraction was performed in 6 consecutive sessions by a single examiner in 265 children at 3.5 years of age who all visited the same center. The children were sent to the third step of examinations by ophthalmologists based on refractive error criteria:3 diopters myopia or 1 diopter hyperopia, and/or 2 diopters astigmatism in either eye, in addition to the current criteria:1) failure in either eye for 0.5 visual acuity at the center, 2) eye-related symptoms revealed by the questionnaires, or 3) eye problems detected by medical officers. Notices to visit ophthalmologists were issued for 64 children (24%), and 37 of those (58%) made the visits, so that documents containing final diagnoses were sent back to the Public Health Office. Of the 64 children, 12 were sent to ophthalmologists based on the current criteria only, 10 based on both the current criteria and the refractive error criteria, and 42 based on the refractive error criteria only. Twelve of the 13 children visiting ophthalmologists by the current criteria had diagnoses such as amblyopia and strabismus. In contrast, 15 of 24 children visiting ophthalmologists by only the refractive error criteria had mainly diagnoses of refractive errors, with no serious problems. In conclusion, autorefraction in addition to visual acuity testing and inspection led to detection of only one additional case of an eye disease at 3.5 years, while tripling the number of children sending to the third-step examination by an ophthalmologist. Thus, from a cost-effectiveness standpoint, autorefraction is not recommended as an additional test when the current system is conducted as designed.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoChie en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Chie kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KioKeiko en-aut-sei=Kio en-aut-mei=Keiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IchibaNaofumi en-aut-sei=Ichiba en-aut-mei=Naofumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuokaHiroaki en-aut-sei=Matsuoka en-aut-mei=Hiroaki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Medical School and Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Kyoyama Dental Clinic affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama City Government Public Health Office affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama City Government Public Health Office affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama City Government Public Health Office en-keyword=strabismus kn-keyword=strabismus en-keyword=amblyopia kn-keyword=amblyopia en-keyword=refractive error kn-keyword=refractive error en-keyword=hand-held autorefractometer kn-keyword=hand-held autorefractometer en-keyword=preschool vision screening program kn-keyword=preschool vision screening program END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=52 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=125 end-page=130 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=199806 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Transdifferentiation of Chick Embryonic Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Lentoid Structure in Suspension Culture en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

To test transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in suspension culture, chick embryonic RPE sheets and dissociated RPE cells were cultured for two months in a non-adherent dish for suspension culture. RPE cells, isolated as a sheet, aggregated immediately and remained the same size with their differentiated characteristics for two months. The presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) at concentrations of 10 ng/ml or higher induced the formation of a spherical lentoid structure which was positive for crystallin and bFGF receptor. In contrast, dissociated RPE cells did reaggregate but did not develop the lentoid structure even in the presence of bFGF. The transdifferentiation of RPE cells to the lentoid structure in this study was in contrast to their transdifferentiation to the retina, as reported in a previous study.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TsutsuiYasuko en-aut-sei=Tsutsui en-aut-mei=Yasuko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoNobuhiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Nobuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama Univeristy en-keyword=basic fibroblast growth factor kn-keyword=basic fibroblast growth factor en-keyword=multicellular spheroids kn-keyword=multicellular spheroids en-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium kn-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium en-keyword=transdifferentiation kn-keyword=transdifferentiation en-keyword=lens kn-keyword=lens en-keyword=lentoid kn-keyword=lentoid END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=52 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=279 end-page=283 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1998 dt-pub=199810 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Expression of amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in rat eye. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

To study the expression of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, a putative mechano-receptor in the rat eye, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were done. The gene for the alpha subunit of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel was shown by polymerase chain reaction to be expressed in mRNA isolated from the whole eye tissue. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the gene was expressed in basal layers of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium, ciliary epithelial cells, lens epithelial cells at the equator, retinal and iris pigment epithelial cells, ganglion cells and cells in the inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina. The results suggest that the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel plays a role in maintaining sodium balance as well as in possible mechanosensation in these ocular tissues.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=amiloride-sensitive sodium channel kn-keyword=amiloride-sensitive sodium channel en-keyword=eye kn-keyword=eye en-keyword=insitu hybridzation kn-keyword=insitu hybridzation en-keyword=mechanosensation kn-keyword=mechanosensation en-keyword=polymerase chain reaction kn-keyword=polymerase chain reaction END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=62 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=45 end-page=53 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2008 dt-pub=200802 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Clinical Features, ARIX and PHOX2B Nucleotide Changes in Three Families with Congenital Superior Oblique Muscle Palsy en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We analyzed nucleotide changes in 3 genes, ARIX, PHOX2B, and KIF21A, in 6 patients of 3 families with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy. Three exons of ARIX, 3 exons of PHOX2B, and exons 8, 20, and 21 of KIF21A were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood. The DNA fragments were directly sequenced in both directions. In 2 different families, a heterozygous nucleotide change, ARIX 153G>A, in the 5’-untranslated region was found in common between a father and daughter with muscle palsy and between a mother and daughter with muscle palsy (Family No. 1 and No. 3). In the other family (Family No. 2), a heterozygous 15-nucleotide deletion, PHOX2B 1124del15, resulting in loss of 5 alanine residues in the alanine repeat of the protein, was found in the daughter with muscle palsy and her father with normal traits, but was not found in the mother with muscle palsy. No KIF21A nucleotide change was found in any patients. The ARIX 153G>A polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor for the development of congenital superior oblique muscle palsy.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=ImaiSayuri en-aut-sei=Imai en-aut-mei=Sayuri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItoshimaEmi en-aut-sei=Itoshima en-aut-mei=Emi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=ARIX kn-keyword=ARIX en-keyword=PHOX2B kn-keyword=PHOX2B en-keyword=KIF21A kn-keyword=KIF21A en-keyword=congenital superior oblique muscle palsy kn-keyword=congenital superior oblique muscle palsy en-keyword=familial (hereditary) disease kn-keyword=familial (hereditary) disease END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=251 end-page=260 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=199710 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=The effects of growth factors on multicellular spheroids formed by chick embryonic retinal cells en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

Retinal cells from chick embryos aged 7.5 days of gestation were cultured for two months in a non-adherent suspension culture dish to study the effects of growth factors and co-culture with retinal pigment epithelial cells on their differentiation. Dissociated retinal cells became cellular aggregates (multicellular spheroids) within a day, and rosettes were formed in the spheroids after 2 days. Ultrastructurally, neurons of the rosettes developed connecting cilia, ellipsoids (accumulation of mitochondria), and external limiting membrane, indicative of their differentiation into photoreceptor cells. Epidermal growth factor enhanced the expression of rhodopsin by rosette-forming neurons, while basic fibroblast growth factor induced the growth of Mueller cells at 4 weeks, and their transdifferentiation into lens-epithelial-like cells at 8 weeks. Co-culture of retinal cells with retinal pigment epithelial cells enhanced the formation of rosettes in spheroids. Multicellular spheroids formed in a dish for suspension culture would provide a convenient in vitro system to examine differentiation and transdifferentiation of the retina.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakabatakeMayumi en-aut-sei=Takabatake en-aut-mei=Mayumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoNobuhiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Nobuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=multicellular spheroids kn-keyword=multicellular spheroids en-keyword=differentiation kn-keyword=differentiation en-keyword=transdifferentiation kn-keyword=transdifferentiation en-keyword=retina kn-keyword=retina en-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium kn-keyword=retinal pigment epithelium en-keyword=growth factors kn-keyword=growth factors END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=51 cd-vols= no-issue=4 article-no= start-page=213 end-page=218 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=199708 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Reconstruction of trabecular tissue from human trabecular cells as a multicellular spheroid en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

To understand the development of the trabecular meshwork of the eye, floating cellular aggregates (multicellular spheroids) were formed from human trabecular cells in a non-adherent environment of culture and incubated for up to one month. Dissociated trabecular cells formed multicellular spheroids within one day in the non-adherent environment, and apoptosis continued to occur in the spheroids which had been initially filled with cells. The final structure after one month appeared as a meshwork of cells with large extracellular spaces. Epidermal and basic fibroblast growth factor (EGF and bFGF) protected trabecular cells in the spheroids from apoptosis and, as a result, kept the spheroids filled with cells even after one month. In the absence of excess EGF or bFGF, the multicellular spheroids grown in vitro from human trabecular cells mimicked the mesh-like structure of normal trabecular tissue. In constrast, under an excess of these growth factors, spheroids of high cellularity, resembling the abnormal trabecular tissues of patients with congenital glaucoma, were formed.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoNobuhiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Nobuhiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=human trabecular cells kn-keyword=human trabecular cells en-keyword=multicellular spheroids kn-keyword=multicellular spheroids en-keyword=basic fibroblast growth factor kn-keyword=basic fibroblast growth factor en-keyword=epidermal growth factor kn-keyword=epidermal growth factor en-keyword=histology kn-keyword=histology END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=60 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=13 end-page=24 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=200602 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Body sway increases immediately after strabismus surgery. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

The purposes of this study were to examine whether body sway is altered immediately after strabismus surgery in children and to find preoperative clinical factors associated with body sway. In a prospective study, body sway was measured on 1-3 days before surgery and on the third day after surgery; for the measurements, computerized static stabilometry was carried out on 28 consecutive patients with strabismus (age range: 3 to 12 years old; mean: 7.4) who underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia. The linear length of the sway path (cm), the linear length of the sway path in a particular unit of time (cm/second), and the area of the sway path (cm2), indicative of the extent of body sway, all increased significantly among a total of 28 patients in both conditions of the patient's eyes open and closed, as well as among those in a subgroup of 16 patients with exotropia, after they had undergone strabismus surgery (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). The center of pressure along the Y axis of orientation from the toe to the heel was found to deviate significantly toward the heel postoperatively, as compared with the preoperative center in the subgroup of 16 patients with exotropia (p < 0.05). Before surgery, 15 patients with no stereoacuity exhibited a greater amount of body sway when their eyes were open than did 13 patients with measurable stereoacuity (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). In the subgroup of 16 patients with exotropia when their eyes open, 3 patients with abnormal head posture exhibited more extensive body sway than did 13 patients without abnormal head posture (p < 0.05). Body sway was found to significantly increase immediately after strabismus surgery in children with strabismus. Stereoacuity and abnormal head posture are 2 clinical factors associated with preoperative postural instability.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NaritaAkiko en-aut-sei=Narita en-aut-mei=Akiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=SendaMasuo en-aut-sei=Senda en-aut-mei=Masuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=HasebeSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hasebe en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=body sway kn-keyword=body sway en-keyword=strabismus surgery kn-keyword=strabismus surgery en-keyword=exotropia kn-keyword=exotropia en-keyword=estropia kn-keyword=estropia en-keyword=stabilometry kn-keyword=stabilometry END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=60 cd-vols= no-issue=3 article-no= start-page=201 end-page=205 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=200606 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Disappearance of diabetic macular hard exudates after hemodialysis introduction. en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=

We report herein the disappearance of macular hard exudates after the introduction of hemodialysis in diabetic patients. A 62-year-old woman and a 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus showed hard exudates in the macula of the left eyes. Both patients had previously undergone panretinal photocoagulation in both eyes. During the follow-up, hemodialysis was introduced for deteriorating chronic renal failure caused by diabetic nephropathy. Half a year later, macular hard exudates in the left eyes disappeared dramatically in both patients, but the visual acuity remained the same. No additional laser treatment was done during the observation period. Hemodialysis is considered to have accelerated the resolution of macular hard exudates in both patients. The deposition of macular hard exudates in diabetic patients is due in part to concurrent poor renal function.

en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=hemodialysis kn-keyword=hemodialysis en-keyword=diabetic retinopathy kn-keyword=diabetic retinopathy en-keyword=hard exudates kn-keyword=hard exudates en-keyword=macular edema kn-keyword=macular edema END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=39 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=16 end-page=20 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2005 dt-pub=200501 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Immobilization of Photoelectric Dye on the Polyethylene FilmSurface en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=PE film was treated with fuming nitric acid at 80℃ for 20 min, resulting in introduction of COOH moieties on the film surface. The COOH’s were reacted with ethylenediamine, whose amino groups were used for linking with (2-[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]ethenyl)-3-carboxy-methylbenzo-thiazolium, photoelectric dye (NK-5962), which absorbs visible light and converts the photon energy to electric potentials. The dye molecules were immobilized on the PE film surface and they were able to stimulate chick retinal tissues on incidence of visible light. These facts hopefully lead to development of an artificial retinal prosthesis. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=UchidaTetsuya en-aut-sei=Uchida en-aut-mei=Tetsuya kn-aut-name=内田哲也 kn-aut-sei=内田 kn-aut-mei=哲也 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=IshimaruSanae en-aut-sei=Ishimaru en-aut-mei=Sanae kn-aut-name=石丸早苗 kn-aut-sei=石丸 kn-aut-mei=早苗 aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=ShimamuraKaoru en-aut-sei=Shimamura en-aut-mei=Kaoru kn-aut-name=島村薫 kn-aut-sei=島村 kn-aut-mei=薫 aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UjiAkihito en-aut-sei=Uji en-aut-mei=Akihito kn-aut-name=宇治章人 kn-aut-sei=宇治 kn-aut-mei=章人 aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MatsuoToshihiko en-aut-sei=Matsuo en-aut-mei=Toshihiko kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhtsukiHiroshi en-aut-sei=Ohtsuki en-aut-mei=Hiroshi kn-aut-name=大月洋 kn-aut-sei=大月 kn-aut-mei=洋 aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=118 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=131 end-page=137 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2006 dt-pub=20060901 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=眼科領域のアレルギー性疾患とアトピー性皮膚炎の眼合併症 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=アレルギー反応の4型, 1型 (lgE依存型反応), 1型 (細胞障害型反応), III型 (免疫複合体型反応), IV型 (細胞免疫型反応) を眼科疾患に当てはめると, I型はアレルギー性結膜疾患, II型は眼類天庖瘡やモーレン (Mooren) 角膜潰瘍などの自己免疫疾患, III型はぶどう球菌アレルギーによる周辺部角膜浸潤, IV型は角膜や結膜ブリクテン, 接触性皮膚炎による眼瞼炎, となる. その他, アレルギー関連疾患として, アトピー性皮膚炎がある. アトピー性皮膚炎は, 小児期の疾患であり, 通常, 皮膚は乾燥している. しかし日本では, 思春期から青年期, さらには成人になってから発症する型がある. この型は, 顔面におこることが多く, しかも皮膚は乾燥しておらず, 湿潤している. アトピー性白内障は, 顔面, 特に眼瞼に皮膚炎がある場合に見られる. 問診すると, 特に就寝時に眼瞼をたたく癖がある. アトピー性網膜剥離は, 通常, 白内障がある眼に起こっている. 硝子体手術を行うと, 硝子体基底部の綿状のきたない混濁がみられ, その近辺に鋸状縁断裂, 毛様体無色素上皮剥離や上皮裂孔がある. 一方, アトピー性白内障がある眼では, 前房水中のフレア値 (蛋白濃度) が上昇している. 以上の事実から, アトピー性皮膚炎の炎症が前眼部に波及し, それに眼瞼をたたくという外傷が加わって白内障や網膜剥離がおこると考えられる. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科 眼科学 en-keyword=アレルギー性結膜炎 kn-keyword=アレルギー性結膜炎 en-keyword=春季カタル kn-keyword=春季カタル en-keyword=巨大乳頭結膜炎 kn-keyword=巨大乳頭結膜炎 en-keyword=アトピー性皮膚炎 kn-keyword=アトピー性皮膚炎 en-keyword=アトピー性網膜剥離 kn-keyword=アトピー性網膜剥離 en-keyword=アトピー性白内障 kn-keyword=アトピー性白内障 END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1989 dt-pub=19890328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=網膜抗原に対するぶどう膜炎患者のリンパ球幼若化反応 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=松尾俊彦 kn-aut-sei=松尾 kn-aut-mei=俊彦 aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=岡山大学 END