start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=16
cd-vols=
no-issue=13
article-no=
start-page=2326
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2024
dt-pub=20240625
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Efficacy of Cisplatin-CXCR4 Antagonist Combination Therapy in Oral Cancer
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Cisplatin is a platinum-based compound that is widely used for treating inoperable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Japan; however, resistance to cisplatin presents a challenge and innovative approaches are required. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression, using the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100, in combination with cisplatin. AMD3100 induced necrosis and bleeding in OSCC xenografts by inhibiting angiogenesis. We investigated the combined ability of AMD3100 plus cisplatin to enhance the antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant OSCC. An MTS assay identified HSC-2 cells as cisplatin-resistant cells in vitro. Mice treated with the cisplatin-AMD combination exhibited the most significant reduction in tumor volume, accompanied by extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. Histological examination indicated thin and short tumor vessels in the AMD and cisplatin?AMD groups. These results indicated that cisplatin and AMD3100 had synergistic antitumor effects, highlighting their potential for vascular therapy of refractory OSCC. Antitumor vascular therapy using cisplatin combined with a CXCR4 inhibitor provides a novel strategy for addressing cisplatin-resistant OSCC.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=YoshidaSaori
en-aut-sei=Yoshida
en-aut-mei=Saori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KawaiHotaka
en-aut-sei=Kawai
en-aut-mei=Hotaka
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SoeYamin
en-aut-sei=Soe
en-aut-mei=Yamin
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=EainHtoo Shwe
en-aut-sei=Eain
en-aut-mei=Htoo Shwe
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SanouSho
en-aut-sei=Sanou
en-aut-mei=Sho
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakabatakeKiyofumi
en-aut-sei=Takabatake
en-aut-mei=Kiyofumi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakeshitaYohei
en-aut-sei=Takeshita
en-aut-mei=Yohei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NagatsukaHitoshi
en-aut-sei=Nagatsuka
en-aut-mei=Hitoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Junichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Preliminary Examination Room, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=9
en-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=11
en-affil=Preliminary Examination Room, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
en-keyword=oral squamous cell carcinoma
kn-keyword=oral squamous cell carcinoma
en-keyword=CXCR4
kn-keyword=CXCR4
en-keyword=cisplatin
kn-keyword=cisplatin
en-keyword=antitumor vascular therapy
kn-keyword=antitumor vascular therapy
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=44
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=43
end-page=48
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2024
dt-pub=20240213
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Preliminary Study of Dental Caries Detection by Deep Neural Network Applying Domain-Specific Transfer Learning
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Purpose The purpose of this study is to confirm whether it is possible to acquire a certain degree of diagnostic ability even with a small dataset using domain-specific transfer learning. In this study, we constructed a simulated caries detection model on panoramic tomography using transfer learning.
Methods A simulated caries model was trained and validated using 1094 trimmed intraoral images. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with three convolution and three max pooling layers was developed. We applied this caries detection model to 50 panoramic images and evaluated its diagnostic performance.
Results The diagnostic performance of the CNN model on the intraoral film was as follows: C0 84.6%; C1 90.6%; C2 88.6%. Finally, we tested 50 panoramic images with simulated caries insertion. The diagnostic performance of the CNN model on the panoramic image was as follows: C0 75.0%, C1 80.0%, C2 80.0%, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 78.0%. The diagnostic performance of the caries detection model constructed only with panoramic images was much lower than that of the intraoral film.
Conclusion Domain-specific transfer learning methods may be useful for saving datasets and training time (179/250).
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=KawazuToshiyuki
en-aut-sei=Kawazu
en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakeshitaYohei
en-aut-sei=Takeshita
en-aut-mei=Yohei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=FujikuraMamiko
en-aut-sei=Fujikura
en-aut-mei=Mamiko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkadaShunsuke
en-aut-sei=Okada
en-aut-mei=Shunsuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Junichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Deep neural networks
kn-keyword=Deep neural networks
en-keyword=Caries detection
kn-keyword=Caries detection
en-keyword=Domain-Specific transfer learning
kn-keyword=Domain-Specific transfer learning
en-keyword=Panoramic tomography
kn-keyword=Panoramic tomography
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=26
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=394
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2023
dt-pub=20230727
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=An imaging?based diagnostic approach to vascular anomalies of the oral and maxillofacial region
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The accurate diagnosis of vascular anomalies (VAs) is considered a challenging endeavor. Misdiagnosis of VAs can lead clinicians in the wrong direction, such as the performance of an unnecessary biopsy or inappropriate surgical procedures, which can potentially lead to unforeseen consequences and increase the risk of patient injury. The purpose of the present study was to develop an approach for the diagnosis of VAs of the oral and maxillofacial region based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dynamic contrast?enhanced MRI (DCE?MRI). In the present study, the CT and MR images of 87 VAs were examined, and the following imaging features were evaluated: Detectability of the lesion, the periphery of the lesion, the inner nature of the lesion, the density of the lesion on CT, the signal intensity of the lesion on MRI, the detectability of phleboliths and the shape of the lesion. A total of 29 lesions were further evaluated using the contrast index (CI) curves created from the DCE?MRI images. A diagnostic diagram, which is based on the imaging features of VAs and CI curve patterns, was subsequently extrapolated. The results obtained demonstrated that the VAs were detected more readily by MRI compared with CT, whereas the detectability of phleboliths was superior when using CT compared with MRI. VAs showed a propensity for homogeneous isodensity on CT, whereas, by contrast, they exhibited a propensity for heterogeneous hyperdensity on CE?CT. VAs also showed a propensity for homogeneous intermediate signal intensity when performing T1?weighted imaging (T1WI), heterogeneous high signal intensity when performing short tau inversion recovery MRI, and heterogeneous high signal intensity when performing fat?saturated CE?T1WI. The CI curves of VAs were found to exhibit a specific pattern: Of the 29 CI curves, 23 (79.3%) showed early weak enhancement, followed by a plateau leading up to 400?600 sec. An imaging?based diagnostic diagram was ultimately formulated. This diagram can act as an aid for radiologists when they are expecting to find a VA, and hopefully serve the purpose of simplifying the diagnostic process. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that DCE?MRI may be considered a useful tool for the diagnosis of VAs.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=Al?HammadWlla
en-aut-sei=Al?Hammad
en-aut-mei=Wlla
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=FujikuraMamiko
en-aut-sei=Fujikura
en-aut-mei=Mamiko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkadaShunsuke
en-aut-sei=Okada
en-aut-mei=Shunsuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MunhozLuciana
en-aut-sei=Munhoz
en-aut-mei=Luciana
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KawazuToshiyuki
en-aut-sei=Kawazu
en-aut-mei=Toshiyuki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakeshitaYohei
en-aut-sei=Takeshita
en-aut-mei=Yohei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=FujitaMariko
en-aut-sei=Fujita
en-aut-mei=Mariko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-Ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-Ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of S?o Paulo
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=9
en-affil=Department of Dental Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
kn-affil=
affil-num=10
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
en-keyword=vascular anomalies
kn-keyword=vascular anomalies
en-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging
kn-keyword=magnetic resonance imaging
en-keyword=computed tomography
kn-keyword=computed tomography
en-keyword=dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
kn-keyword=dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
en-keyword=contrast index curve
kn-keyword=contrast index curve
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=49
cd-vols=
no-issue=1
article-no=
start-page=27
end-page=34
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2019
dt-pub=20190525
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Fourth molar: A retrospective study and literature review of a rare clinical entity
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Purpose
The prevalence of supernumerary teeth has been reported to be between 0.1% and 3.8%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical significance, and associated pathologies of fourth molars based on a retrospective study and a literature review.
Materials and Methods
A 5-year retrospective prevalence study was conducted at the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology of Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. The study involved extracting data from the digital records of patients from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017. The sampling frame included all patients who had panoramic radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography (CT), and multislice CT images during the period under review.
Results
A total of 26,721 cases were reviewed and 87 fourth molars were identified. The prevalence of fourth molars in the 5-year study at Okayama was calculated as 0.32%. The mean age of patients with a fourth molar was 30.43 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.98. The vast majority of cases were in the maxilla (92%) and had normal shapes (89.7%); furthermore, 82.8% of cases were unerupted.
Conclusion
The prevalence of fourth molars in the study population was found to be 0.32%, and fourth molars occurred with approximately equal frequency in males and females. Fourth molars were more common in the maxilla and were predominantly unerupted and small.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=BamgboseBabatunde O.
en-aut-sei=Bamgbose
en-aut-mei=Babatunde O.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OkadaShunsuke
en-aut-sei=Okada
en-aut-mei=Shunsuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakeshitaYohei
en-aut-sei=Takeshita
en-aut-mei=Yohei
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AbduZahrau Saleh
en-aut-sei=Abdu
en-aut-mei=Zahrau Saleh
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=EkuaseEdugie J.
en-aut-sei=Ekuase
en-aut-mei=Edugie J.
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=2
en-affil=Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=3
en-affil=Okayama University Hospital
kn-affil=
affil-num=4
en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=5
en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
affil-num=6
en-affil=Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University Kano
kn-affil=
affil-num=7
en-affil=Department of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, Savannah State University
kn-affil=
affil-num=8
en-affil=Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
kn-affil=
en-keyword=Tooth
kn-keyword=Tooth
en-keyword=Supernumerary
kn-keyword=Supernumerary
en-keyword=Odontoma
kn-keyword=Odontoma
en-keyword=Odontogenic Cyst
kn-keyword=Odontogenic Cyst
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=67
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=359
end-page=367
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2013
dt-pub=201312
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=In Vitro Assessment of Factors Affecting the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Jurkat Cells Using Bio-phantoms
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=It is well known that many tumor tissues show lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and that several factors are involved in the reduction of ADC values. The aim of this study was to clarify how much each factor contributes to decreases in ADC values. We investigate the roles of cell density, extracellular space, intracellular factors, apoptosis and necrosis in ADC values using bio-phantoms. The ADC values of bio-phantoms, in which Jurkat cells were encapsulated by gellan gum, were measured
by a 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging device with constant diffusion time of 30sec. Heating at 42 was used to induce apoptosis while heating at 48 was used to induce necrosis. Cell death after heating was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and electron microscopy. The ADC values of bio-phantoms including non-heated cells decreased linearly with increases in cell density, and showed a steep decline when the distance between cells became less than 3m. The analysis of ADC values of cells after destruction of cellular structures by sonication suggested that approximately two-thirds of the ADC values of cells originate from their cellular structures. The ADC values of bio-phantoms including necrotic cells increased while those including apoptotic cells decreased. This study quantitatively
clarified the role of the cellular factors and the extracellular space in determining the ADC values
produced by tumor cells. The intermediate diffusion time of 30msec might be optimal to distinguish
between apoptosis and necrosis.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=KatashimaKazunori
en-aut-sei=Katashima
en-aut-mei=Kazunori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KurodaMasahiro
en-aut-sei=Kuroda
en-aut-mei=Masahiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AshidaMasakazu
en-aut-sei=Ashida
en-aut-mei=Masakazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=SasakiTakanori
en-aut-sei=Sasaki
en-aut-mei=Takanori
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TaguchiTakehito
en-aut-sei=Taguchi
en-aut-mei=Takehito
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MurakamiJun
en-aut-sei=Murakami
en-aut-mei=Jun
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=9
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HaraMarina
en-aut-sei=Hara
en-aut-mei=Marina
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=10
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KatoHirokazu
en-aut-sei=Kato
en-aut-mei=Hirokazu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=11
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhmuraYuichi
en-aut-sei=Ohmura
en-aut-mei=Yuichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=12
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KobayashiTomoki
en-aut-sei=Kobayashi
en-aut-mei=Tomoki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=13
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KanazawaSusumu
en-aut-sei=Kanazawa
en-aut-mei=Susumu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=14
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HaradaSosuke
en-aut-sei=Harada
en-aut-mei=Sosuke
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=15
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakemotoMitsuhiro
en-aut-sei=Takemoto
en-aut-mei=Mitsuhiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=16
ORCID=
en-aut-name=OhnoSeiichiro
en-aut-sei=Ohno
en-aut-mei=Seiichiro
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=17
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MimuraSeiichi
en-aut-sei=Mimura
en-aut-mei=Seiichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=18
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJunichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Junichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=19
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=9
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=10
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=11
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=12
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=13
en-affil=
kn-affil=Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
affil-num=14
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=15
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=16
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=17
en-affil=
kn-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
affil-num=18
en-affil=
kn-affil=Central Division of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital
affil-num=19
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
en-keyword=ADC
kn-keyword=ADC
en-keyword=apoptosis
kn-keyword=apoptosis
en-keyword=necrosis
kn-keyword=necrosis
en-keyword=hyperthermia
kn-keyword=hyperthermia
en-keyword=cell density
kn-keyword=cell density
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=47
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=147
end-page=152
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2011
dt-pub=201102
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for unilocular cystic-type ameloblastomas with homogeneously bright high signal intensity on T2-weighted or STIR MR images
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Typical MR images of ameloblastomas on T2-weighted image (WI) or short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) show multiple bright high-signal-intensity loci on a high-signal-intensity background. Unilocular cystic-type ameloblastomas show homogeneously bright high signal intensity on T2WI or STIR as a water-like signal intensity. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish unilocular cystic-type ameloblastoma from other cystic lesions such as keratocystic odontogenic tumors, radicular cysts (residual cysts) and dentigerous cysts only on the basis of MRI signal intensity. In the present study, we evaluated whether contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI and dynamic CE-MRI (DCE-MRI) could provide additional information for differential diagnosis in unilocular cystic-type ameloblastoma. Images from 12 cases of suspected unilocular cystic-type ameloblastoma were evaluated in the present study. Of them, 5 had areas suspected of indicating a solid component on T1WI and T2WI (or STIR). Ten had undergone additional CE-T1WI and DCE-MRI. On 5 of 10 cases of CE-T1WI, a tiny enhancement area was detected. On 6 of 10 DCE-images, a time-course enhanced area which was suspected to be a solid component was detected. CE-T1WI was helpful in the diagnosis of ameloblastoma because the tiny enhanced areas were taken to indicate possible solid components. Moreover, the rim-enhancement area on CE-T1WI could be divided into small regions of interest, and some of these showed slightly increased enhancement on DCE-MRI, which was taken to indicate a solid component and/or intramural nodule with focal invasion of ameloblastoma tissue. DCE-MRIs of the four remaining cases, which provided no clues to the diagnosis of ameloblastoma in the manner of the above descriptions, showed thicker rim enhancement than odontogenic cysts. Thus, CE-T1WI and DCE-MRI were helpful in the differential diagnosis of unilocular cystic-type ameloblastomas with homogeneously bright high signal intensity on T2WI or STIR.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KonouchiHironobu
en-aut-sei=Konouchi
en-aut-mei=Hironobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=TakenobuToshihiko
en-aut-sei=Takenobu
en-aut-mei=Toshihiko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=UnetsuboTeruhisa
en-aut-sei=Unetsubo
en-aut-mei=Teruhisa
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Field Tumor Biol, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ Hosp, Dept Oral Diag & Dentomaxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ Hosp, Dept Oral Diag & Dentomaxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ Hosp, Dept Oral Diag & Dentomaxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Field Tumor Biol, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Field Tumor Biol, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Med Dent & Pharmaceut Sci, Field Tumor Biol, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol
en-keyword=Ameloblastoma
kn-keyword=Ameloblastoma
en-keyword=Unicystic
kn-keyword=Unicystic
en-keyword=Sold/multicystic
kn-keyword=Sold/multicystic
en-keyword=MRI
kn-keyword=MRI
en-keyword=DCE-MRI
kn-keyword=DCE-MRI
en-keyword=Odontogenic tumor
kn-keyword=Odontogenic tumor
en-keyword=Odontogenic cyst
kn-keyword=Odontogenic cyst
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=26
cd-vols=
no-issue=2
article-no=
start-page=110
end-page=115
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2010
dt-pub=201012
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=The utility of three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are classified as bone-related lesions based on the 2005 World Health Organization histological classification of odontogenic tumors. Most ABCs are diagnosed using a combination of conventional radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography. ABCs should be differentiated from true cysts or other pseudocysts because their treatment is different. Additionally, unlike other cysts, ABCs pose a hemorrhagic risk in surgery; thus, preoperative evaluation of intralesional blood flow is required. Here we report a case of a mandibular ABC in a 39-year-old woman and focus on its dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) features. On DCE-MRI, the lesion was divided into two areas according to the enhancement pattern: the blood-pooling and blood-flow areas. The series of DCE-MR images of the blood-pooling area showed marked enhancement of the margin, but no enhancement in the inner part of the cavity. Additionally, the time-signal intensity curve (TIC) demonstrated no change in the signal intensity (SI) until approximately 15 min after gadolinium-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) administration. In contrast, the series of DCE-MR images of the blood-flow area exhibited marked enhancement in the cyst cavity in the early phase. The TIC showed a rapid increase in SI in the early phase, followed by a rapid decrease until 150 s, and finally a gradual decrease until approximately 15 min after Gd-DTPA administration. Thus, in the current patient, preoperative DCE-MRI clearly delineated the vessel-rich area within the lesion.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=FujitaMariko
en-aut-sei=Fujita
en-aut-mei=Mariko
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KonouchiHironobu
en-aut-sei=Konouchi
en-aut-mei=Hironobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KataseNaoki
en-aut-sei=Katase
en-aut-mei=Naoki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=NagatsukaHitoshi
en-aut-sei=Nagatsuka
en-aut-mei=Hitoshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=8
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Field of Tumor Biology, Okayama University Graduate School
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Field of Tumor Biology, Okayama University Graduate School
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Field of Tumor Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Field of Tumor Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
affil-num=8
en-affil=
kn-affil=Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Okayama University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry
en-keyword=Aneurismal bone cyst
kn-keyword=Aneurismal bone cyst
en-keyword=Dynamic contrastenhanced MRI
kn-keyword=Dynamic contrastenhanced MRI
en-keyword=MRI
kn-keyword=MRI
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=51
cd-vols=
no-issue=3
article-no=
start-page=252
end-page=256
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2004
dt-pub=20049
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Assessment of MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=The radiographical differentiation of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) from dentigerous cysts, calcifying odontogenic cysts, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, odontogenic keratocysts, and amelobastomas is sometimes difficult. We attempted to differentiate AOT from other lesions similar to AOT in radiographic findings using MRI. The MRI features of AOT in our 3 cases included homogeneous low SI in the cystic portion and homogeneous intermediate SI in the solid portion on T1WI, homogeneous high SI in the cystic portion and intermediate to slightly high SI in the solid portion on T2WI, and enhancement of only the solid portion on CE-T1WI although non of the sequences included SI of calcifications. The contrast index curves in the 3 cases of AOT showed a gradual increase to 300 s, which signified a benign tumor. These MRI features were characteristic features of AOT and might be a basis for differentiating AOT from the above possible lesions in radiographic examinations.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KonouchiHironobu
en-aut-sei=Konouchi
en-aut-mei=Hironobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=ShigeharaHiroshi
en-aut-sei=Shigehara
en-aut-mei=Hiroshi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KishiKanji
en-aut-sei=Kishi
en-aut-mei=Kanji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=7
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=7
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
en-keyword=AOT
kn-keyword=AOT
en-keyword=odontogenic tumor
kn-keyword=odontogenic tumor
en-keyword=odontogenic cyst
kn-keyword=odontogenic cyst
en-keyword=MRI
kn-keyword=MRI
en-keyword=DCE-MRI
kn-keyword=DCE-MRI
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=40
cd-vols=
no-issue=6
article-no=
start-page=579
end-page=584
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2004
dt-pub=20047
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=
kn-title=Application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to differentiate malignant lymphoma from squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=Because malignant lymphoma, the second most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, require different treatments, it is important to be able to differentiate them. In the present study, we attempted to differentiate malignant lymphomas from SCCs using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Seventeen lesions (in 8 cases) of malignant lymphoma and 30 cases of SCC were compared by DCE-MRI.
Thirteen of 17 malignant lymphomas (76.5%) showed the maximum contrast index (CI) at 90?180 s, while 26 of 30 SCCs (86.7%) showed the maximum CI at a much faster 60?105 s. There was a statistically significant difference between SCC and malignant lymphoma in the time needed reach the maximum CI (p=0.0177). There was also significant difference between SCC and malignant lymphoma in their maximum CIs (p<0.001), with the maximum CIs of 29/30 SCCs (96.7%) above 2.0, while 12/17 malignant lymphomas (70.6%) showed CIs of less than 2.0. We consider these findings to be useful for distinguishing lymphomas from SCCs.
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=AsaumiJun-ichi
en-aut-sei=Asaumi
en-aut-mei=Jun-ichi
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
en-aut-name=YanagiYoshinobu
en-aut-sei=Yanagi
en-aut-mei=Yoshinobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=2
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KonouchiHironobu
en-aut-sei=Konouchi
en-aut-mei=Hironobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=3
ORCID=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=4
ORCID=
en-aut-name=MatsuzakiHidenobu
en-aut-sei=Matsuzaki
en-aut-mei=Hidenobu
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=5
ORCID=
en-aut-name=KishiKanji
en-aut-sei=Kishi
en-aut-mei=Kanji
kn-aut-name=
kn-aut-sei=
kn-aut-mei=
aut-affil-num=6
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=2
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=3
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=4
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=5
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
affil-num=6
en-affil=
kn-affil=Okayama University
en-keyword=DCE-MRI
kn-keyword=DCE-MRI
en-keyword=Head and neck
kn-keyword=Head and neck
en-keyword=Lymphoma
kn-keyword=Lymphoma
en-keyword=Squamous cell carcinoma
kn-keyword=Squamous cell carcinoma
en-keyword=Contrast index curve
kn-keyword=Contrast index curve
END
start-ver=1.4
cd-journal=joma
no-vol=
cd-vols=
no-issue=
article-no=
start-page=
end-page=
dt-received=
dt-revised=
dt-accepted=
dt-pub-year=2008
dt-pub=20080325
dt-online=
en-article=
kn-article=
en-subject=
kn-subject=
en-title=tBᇂdynamic contrast-enhanced MRI ɂ]
kn-title=Diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the salivary gland tumors
en-subtitle=
kn-subtitle=
en-abstract=
kn-abstract=
en-copyright=
kn-copyright=
en-aut-name=HisatomiMiki
en-aut-sei=Hisatomi
en-aut-mei=Miki
kn-aut-name=vxI
kn-aut-sei=vx
kn-aut-mei=I
aut-affil-num=1
ORCID=
affil-num=1
en-affil=
kn-affil=Rw
END