Objective: While investigators have reported that patients with GJB2-associated deafness and cochlear implants have preferable language development, the mechanisms of this phenomenon remains unknown. The goat of the present study was to assess higher brain functions of patients with GJB2-retated and GJB2-unrelated deafness as a method of evaluating language development.
Methods: Eight children with cochlear implants were subjected to genetic testing for GJB2 and underwent the Raven colored progressive matrices test, Rey's auditory verbal learning test, Rey's complex figure test, the standardized Language test for aphasia, the picture vocabulary test, and the standardized comprehension test for abstract words.
Results:Three children were diagnosed with GJB2-related deafness, and five children were diagnosed with GJB2-unrelated deafness. All three GJB2-related cases demonstrated normal range higher brain functions and fair language development. By contrast, one GJB2-unrelated case showed a semantic disorder, another demonstrated a visual cognitive disorder with dyslexia, and another had attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
Conclusions:Children with GJB2-unrelated deafness showed a high frequency of heterogeneous disorders that can affect proper language development. This difference between children with GJB2-retated and GJB2-unrelated deafness may account for the improved language development in children with GJB2-related deafness and cochlear implants. Further, genetic diagnosis of the non-syndromic hearing toss represents a useful tool for the preoperative prediction of outcomes following a cochlear implant procedure.
The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) is increasing among isolates from acute otitis media (AOM). Repeated episodes of antibiotic exposure are a well-known risk factor for the isolation of PNSSP although otitis-prone or recurrent AOM cases frequently require repeated courses of antibiotic treatment. In order to evaluate the chronological alteration of S. pneumoniae during recurrences of AOM, strains of S. pneumoniae were isolated from 11 patients, each of whom had experienced 2-4 episodes of AOM, were examined. Every bacterial specimen obtained from a single episode of recurrent AOM was examined by PCR-based penicillin-binding protein (PBP) assay, serotyping, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), then compared to other samples from the same case. Two cases (18.2%) showed strain diversity during repeated antibiotic treatments by serotyping or PBP-assay. By AFLP analysis, 6 cases (54.5%) demonstrated heterogeneous strains during recurrent AOM. Clonal survivors of previous episodes of AOM were not always the cause of subsequent episodes of AOM, even in otitis-prone cases.
en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SugataKen-ichi en-aut-sei=Sugata en-aut-mei=Ken-ichi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukushimaKunihiro en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Kunihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=OgawaTeruhiro en-aut-sei=Ogawa en-aut-mei=Teruhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakashimaTomoko en-aut-sei=Nakashima en-aut-mei=Tomoko kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=SugataAkemi en-aut-sei=Sugata en-aut-mei=Akemi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KasakiNorio en-aut-sei=Kasaki en-aut-mei=Norio kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=GunduzMehmet en-aut-sei=Gunduz en-aut-mei=Mehmet kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=Okayama University en-keyword=acute otitis media kn-keyword=acute otitis media en-keyword=amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) kn-keyword=amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) en-keyword=penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pncumoniac. kn-keyword=penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pncumoniac. END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=104 cd-vols= no-issue=1-2 article-no= start-page=29 end-page=38 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=1992 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=The reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancers kn-title=“ªèò•”Šà‚ÌÄŒšŠO‰È\“–‰È‚É‚¨‚¯‚éÄŒšpŽ®‚Ì—Õ°“IŠÏŽ@\ en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Thiry nine reconstructive surgeries were performed in 37 cases of head and neck cancers from January, 1989 to August, 1991 in our department. The best functional results were obtained on deglutition, swallowing and phonatin after intraoral and/or mesopharyngeal reconstruction using free radial forearm flaps. The free jejunal transposition procedure had the lowest complication rate. The rectus abdominus musculocutaneous free flap was used for nasal, paranasal reconstruction. Esthetics could be presereved by this reconstruction method due to mider postoperative atrophy and contraction. Eye sockets for the artificial eyes were made with eye conjunctiva in 3 canses of extended total maxillectomy with the orbital exenteration. The use of microvas-cular free flaps in this new plastic surgery resulted in the decrease of refusal of operations in maxillectomy canses. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=WatanabeShuichi en-aut-sei=Watanabe en-aut-mei=Shuichi kn-aut-name=“n•ÓŽüˆê kn-aut-sei=“n•Ó kn-aut-mei=Žüˆê aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KawakamiTakashi en-aut-sei=Kawakami en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=ìã“oŽj kn-aut-sei=ìã kn-aut-mei=“oŽj aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=InokuchiIkuo en-aut-sei=Inokuchi en-aut-mei=Ikuo kn-aut-name=ˆäŒûˆè—Y kn-aut-sei=ˆäŒû kn-aut-mei=ˆè—Y aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=UnoKin-ya en-aut-sei=Uno en-aut-mei=Kin-ya kn-aut-name=‰F–ì“SÆ kn-aut-sei=‰F–ì kn-aut-mei=“SÆ aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=OhomichiTakuya en-aut-sei=Ohomichi en-aut-mei=Takuya kn-aut-name=‘哹‘ì–ç kn-aut-sei=‘哹 kn-aut-mei=‘ì–ç aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukazawaMotoharu en-aut-sei=Fukazawa en-aut-mei=Motoharu kn-aut-name=[‘òŒ³° kn-aut-sei=[‘ò kn-aut-mei=Œ³° aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=YonedaTakaaki en-aut-sei=Yoneda en-aut-mei=Takaaki kn-aut-name=•Ä“cF–¾ kn-aut-sei=•Ä“c kn-aut-mei=F–¾ aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=FukushimaKunihiro en-aut-sei=Fukushima en-aut-mei=Kunihiro kn-aut-name=•Ÿ“‡–M”Ž kn-aut-sei=•Ÿ“‡ kn-aut-mei=–M”Ž aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=MasudaYu en-aut-sei=Masuda en-aut-mei=Yu kn-aut-name=‘“cŸà kn-aut-sei=‘“c kn-aut-mei=Ÿà aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KamikawaYasuaki en-aut-sei=Kamikawa en-aut-mei=Yasuaki kn-aut-name=ãìN–¾ kn-aut-sei=ãì kn-aut-mei=N–¾ aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=7 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=8 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=9 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”Ž¨•@ˆôA‰ÈŠw‹³Žº affil-num=10 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠwˆãŠw•”‘æˆêŠO‰ÈŠw‹³Žº en-keyword=ÄŒšŠO‰È kn-keyword=ÄŒšŠO‰È en-keyword=“ªèò•”Šà kn-keyword=“ªèò•”Šà en-keyword=—LŒs (‹Ø) ”ç•Ù kn-keyword=—LŒs (‹Ø) ”ç•Ù en-keyword=—V—£ (‹Ø) ”ç•Ù kn-keyword=—V—£ (‹Ø) ”ç•Ù END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1994 dt-pub=19940325 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=“ªèò•””ñŠà‘gD‚É‚¨‚¯‚éƒqƒgƒpƒsƒ[ƒ}ƒEƒCƒ‹ƒX16Œ^DNA‚ÌPCR–@‚É‚æ‚錟o kn-title=Human papillomavims field name="type" 16 DNA detected by the polymerase chain reaction in non-cancer tissues of the head and neck en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract= en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=•Ÿ“‡–M”Ž kn-aut-sei=•Ÿ“‡ kn-aut-mei=–M”Ž aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠw END