start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=127 cd-vols= no-issue=5 article-no= start-page=2223 end-page=2230 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2023 dt-pub=20230124 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Uniform Formation of a Characteristic Nanocomposite Structure of Biogenous Iron Oxide for High Rate Performance as the Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Recently, Fe2O3 has been considered as an alternative anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity (approximately 1000 mA h g-1), low cost, and nontoxicity. However, its rate performance remains poor relative to that of the conventional graphite anode. In this study, Fe2O3-based anodes were prepared through the annealing of biogenous Fe2O3 (L-BIOX) samples produced by an aquatic Fe-oxidizing bacterium. The effect of the annealing temperature on the performance of the synthesized Fe2O3-based material as the anode of an LIB was investigated. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the annealed L-BIOX samples at 300-700 degrees C exhibited higher rate performances than the unannealed material. Particularly, the sample annealed at 700 degrees C exhibited the highest capacity among the synthesized materials and showed a higher performance than the previously reported Fe2O3-based anodes. It exhibited a capacity of 923 mA h g-1 even at a high current density of 2 A g-1. After annealing at 700 degrees C and discharging, the synthesized biogenous material had a uniform nanocomposite structure composed of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in an amorphous matrix of Li-Si-P oxide. To form this uniform nanostructure, the solid-state diffusion resistance of the Li+ ions in the active material was reduced, which consequently improved the rate performance of the electrode. Therefore, this study provides substantial insights into the development and improvement of the performance of novel Fe2O3-based nanomaterials as the anode of LIBs. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TakahashiMasakuni en-aut-sei=Takahashi en-aut-mei=Masakuni kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=SakumaRyo en-aut-sei=Sakuma en-aut-mei=Ryo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=HashimotoHideki en-aut-sei=Hashimoto en-aut-mei=Hideki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaJun en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=7 cd-vols= no-issue=15 article-no= start-page=12795 end-page=12802 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2022 dt-pub=20220410 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Eco-Benign Orange-Hued Pigment Derived from Aluminum-Enriched Biogenous Iron Oxide Sheaths en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Inorganic pigments have been widely used due to their low cost of production, strong hiding power, and chemical resistance; nevertheless, they have limited hue width and chromaticity. To eliminate these disadvantages, we herein propose the use of an ingenious biotemplate technique to produce Al-enriched biogenic iron oxide (BIOX) materials. Spectrophotometric color analysis showed that high levels of Al inclusion on heat-treated BIOX samples produced heightened yellowish hues and lightness. The Al-enriched BIOX sheaths exhibited a stable tubular structure and excellent thermal stability of color tones after heating at high temperatures and repetitive heat treatments. Ultrastructural analysis and mechanical destruction experiments revealed that the highly chromatic orange-hue of these pigments are ascribed probably to an ingenious cylindrical nanocomposite architecture composed of putative Fe-included low crystalline Al oxide regions and hematite particles embedded therein. The present work therefore demonstrates that the bioengineered material can serve as an epochal orange-hued inorganic pigment with low toxicity and marked thermostability that should meet large industrial demand. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=TamuraKatsunori en-aut-sei=Tamura en-aut-mei=Katsunori kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OshimaYuri en-aut-sei=Oshima en-aut-mei=Yuri kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FuseYuta en-aut-sei=Fuse en-aut-mei=Yuta kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NagaokaNoriyuki en-aut-sei=Nagaoka en-aut-mei=Noriyuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=KunohTatsuki en-aut-sei=Kunoh en-aut-mei=Tatsuki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=NanbaTokuro en-aut-sei=Nanba en-aut-mei=Tokuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaJun en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol= cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page= end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2021 dt-pub=20210807 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Single domain growth and charge ordering of epitaxial YbFe2O4 films en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=YbFe2O4 is a charge-ordered ferroelectric that exhibits coupling between magnetization and electric polarization near room temperature and crystallizes in a rhombohedral structure (R3?m). This study presents an attempt to fabricate stoichiometric and epitaxial YbFe2O4-ƒÂ films with a nearly single-domain structure using an RF magnetron sputtering method. The (0001)-oriented epitaxial films of YbFe2O4-ƒÂ on YSZ (111) substrates via reactive sputtering method exhibited clear three-fold symmetry normal to the substrate without the formation of twin domains rotated by 60‹. The oxygen stoichiometry of the epitaxial YbFe2O4-ƒÂ was improved by controlling an oxygen partial pressure (PO2) during the deposition. The films showed a sharp ferrimagnetic transition, and the transition temperature (TN) increased linearly to approximately 245 K with decreasing PO2. The magnitude of magnetization of the obtained films was comparable to that of bulk single crystals. Further, the electron diffraction pattern of the stoichiometric films confirmed the presence of three-dimensional charge order, which is consistent with the behavior of the bulk crystals as well. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=SakagamiTakumi en-aut-sei=Sakagami en-aut-mei=Takumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=OtaReika en-aut-sei=Ota en-aut-mei=Reika kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanoJun en-aut-sei=Kano en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaNaoshi en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Naoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Physics, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=10 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=10702 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2020 dt-pub=20200701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Skewed electronic band structure induced by electric polarization in ferroelectric BaTiO3 en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Skewed band structures have been empirically described in ferroelectric materials to explain the functioning of recently developed ferroelectric tunneling junction (FTJs). Nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) and the artificial neural network device based on the FTJ system are rapidly developing. However, because the actual ferroelectric band structure has not been elucidated, precise designing of devices has to be advanced through appropriate heuristics. Here, we perform angle-resolved hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films for the direct observation of ferroelectric band skewing structure as the depth profiles of atomic orbitals. The depth-resolved electronic band structure consists of three depth regions: a potential slope along the electric polarization in the core, the surface and interface exhibiting slight changes. We also demonstrate that the direction of the energy shift is controlled by the polarization reversal. In the ferroelectric skewed band structure, we found that the difference in energy shifts of the atomic orbitals is correlated with the atomic configuration of the soft phonon mode reflecting the Born effective charges. These findings lead to a better understanding of the origin of electric polarization. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=OshimeNorihiro en-aut-sei=Oshime en-aut-mei=Norihiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=KanoJun en-aut-sei=Kano en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkenagaEiji en-aut-sei=Ikenaga en-aut-mei=Eiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuiShintaro en-aut-sei=Yasui en-aut-mei=Shintaro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=HamasakiYosuke en-aut-sei=Hamasaki en-aut-mei=Yosuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuharaSou en-aut-sei=Yasuhara en-aut-mei=Sou kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=HinokumaSatoshi en-aut-sei=Hinokuma en-aut-mei=Satoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=IkedaNaoshi en-aut-sei=Ikeda en-aut-mei=Naoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=JanolinPierre-Eymeric en-aut-sei=Janolin en-aut-mei=Pierre-Eymeric kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=KiatJean-Michel en-aut-sei=Kiat en-aut-mei=Jean-Michel kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= en-aut-name=ItohMitsuru en-aut-sei=Itoh en-aut-mei=Mitsuru kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=11 ORCID= en-aut-name=YokoyaTakayoshi en-aut-sei=Yokoya en-aut-mei=Takayoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=12 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=13 ORCID= en-aut-name=YasuiAkira en-aut-sei=Yasui en-aut-mei=Akira kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=14 ORCID= en-aut-name=OsawaHitoshi en-aut-sei=Osawa en-aut-mei=Hitoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=15 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, JASRI kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Innovative Oxidation Team, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Universit? Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup?lec, CNRS, Laboratoire SPMS kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Universit? Paris-Saclay,CentraleSup?lec, CNRS, Laboratoire SPMS kn-affil= affil-num=11 en-affil=Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology kn-affil= affil-num=12 en-affil=GResearch Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=13 en-affil=Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=14 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, JASRI kn-affil= affil-num=15 en-affil=Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, JASRI kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=9 cd-vols= no-issue= article-no= start-page=8041 end-page= dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2019 dt-pub=2019529 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Intermittent parathyroid hormone 1-34 induces oxidation and deterioration of mineral and collagen quality in newly formed mandibular bone en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration is known to promote bone healing after surgical procedures. However, the mechanism and influence of PTH on the mineral and collagen quality of the jaw are not well understood. Most studies have focused on analyzing the bone density and microstructure of the mandible, and have insufficiently investigated its mineral and collagen quality. Oxidative stress activates osteoclasts, produces advanced glycation end products, and worsens mineral and collagen quality. We hypothesized that PTH induces oxidation and affects the mineral and collagen quality of newly formed mandibular bone. To test this, we examined the mineral and collagen quality of newly formed mandibular bone in rats administered PTH, and analyzed serum after intermittent PTH administration to examine the degree of oxidation. PTH administration reduced mineralization and worsened mineral and collagen quality in newly formed bone. In addition, total anti-oxidant capacity in serum was significantly decreased and the oxidative-INDEX was increased among PTH-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats, indicating serum oxidation. In conclusion, intermittent administration of PTH reduced mineral and collagen quality in newly formed mandibular bone. This effect may have been induced by oxidation. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=YoshiokaYohsuke en-aut-sei=Yoshioka en-aut-mei=Yohsuke kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=YamachikaEiki en-aut-sei=Yamachika en-aut-mei=Eiki kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=NinomiyaTadashi en-aut-sei=Ninomiya en-aut-mei=Tadashi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=AkashiSho en-aut-sei=Akashi en-aut-mei=Sho kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=KondoSei en-aut-sei=Kondo en-aut-mei=Sei kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= en-aut-name=MoritaniNorifumi en-aut-sei=Moritani en-aut-mei=Norifumi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=7 ORCID= en-aut-name=KobayashiYasuhiro en-aut-sei=Kobayashi en-aut-mei=Yasuhiro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=8 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=9 ORCID= en-aut-name=IidaSeiji en-aut-sei=Iida en-aut-mei=Seiji kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=10 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=2 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital kn-affil= affil-num=3 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=4 en-affil=Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry kn-affil= affil-num=5 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=6 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=7 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= affil-num=8 en-affil=Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University kn-affil= affil-num=9 en-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University kn-affil= affil-num=10 en-affil=Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences kn-affil= END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=41 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=93 end-page=98 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=2007 dt-pub=200701 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Structure, Morphology and Color Tone Properties of theNeodymium Substituted Hematite en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Co-precipitation method has been employed to fabricate neodymium substituted hematite with different compositions from the aqueous solution of their corresponding metal salts. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the coexistence of Fe(2)O(3) and Nd(2)O(3) phases up to 1050Ž and formation of solid solution phase among them at 1100Ž and above temperatures, which was evidenced by shifting of the XRD peaks. Unit cell parameters and the cell volumes of the samples were found to increase by adding Nd(3+) ions in the reaction process. FESEM studies showed the suppression of particle growth due to the presence of Nd(3+) ions. Spectroscopic measurement evidenced that neodymium substituted hematite exhibited brighter yellowish red color tone than that of pure ƒ¿-Fe(2)O(3). en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=Tarequl IslamBhuiyan kn-aut-sei=Tarequl Islam kn-aut-mei=Bhuiyan aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=NakanishiMakoto en-aut-sei=Nakanishi en-aut-mei=Makoto kn-aut-name=’†¼^ kn-aut-sei=’†¼ kn-aut-mei=^ aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name=“¡ˆä’B¶ kn-aut-sei=“¡ˆä kn-aut-mei=’B¶ aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaJun en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name=‚“c kn-aut-sei=‚“c kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Dept. of Applied Chemistry Okayama University affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Dept. of Applied Chemistry Okayama University affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Dept. of Applied Chemistry Okayama University affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Dept. of Applied Chemistry Okayama University END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=2 cd-vols= no-issue=1 article-no= start-page=121 end-page=129 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1997 dt-pub=19970110 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title=Preparation and Properties of ZnO Transparent Conductive Thin Films by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method kn-title=Šˆ«‰»”½‰žö’…–@‚É‚æ‚éZnOŒn“§–¾“±“d–Œ‚Ì컂ƕ¨« en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=Zinc oxide films were prepared on silica glass substrates by the use of an r.f. activated reactive evaporation (ARE) method, and were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrical conductivity of the films and the doping effect of Al ions were also investigated. XRD measurements indicate that the films were c-axis oriented and that an r.f. plasma of Zn and O was necessary for the ZnO film deposition. Substrate temperature, oxygen gas pressure, evaporation rate, r.f. power and Al doping amount affect the c-axis orientation, the growth rate, the microstructure of the films and electrical conductivity. Optimum conditions with a fine texture of the surface and having good ctystallinity as well as good conductivity (à10(-4)ƒ¶Ecm) were as follows : the substrate temperature; 200Ž, the total evaporation rate; 1.0ð/s, the oxygen pressure; 2.0~10(-4) Torr, the r.f. power; 250W and the Al evaporation rare ratio; 2`6%. The films with 1.0~10(-3)ƒ¶Ecm were prepared at 50Ž for the substrate temperature. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiwaraTakashi en-aut-sei=Fujiwara en-aut-mei=Takashi kn-aut-name=“¡Œ´‹M kn-aut-sei=“¡Œ´ kn-aut-mei=‹M aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name=“¡ˆä’B¶ kn-aut-sei=“¡ˆä kn-aut-mei=’B¶ aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NanbaTokuro en-aut-sei=Nanba en-aut-mei=Tokuro kn-aut-name=“ï”g“¿˜Y kn-aut-sei=“ï”g kn-aut-mei=“¿˜Y aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaJun en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name=‚“c kn-aut-sei=‚“c kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraYoshinari en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Yoshinari kn-aut-name=ŽO‰Y‰Ã–ç kn-aut-sei=ŽO‰Y kn-aut-mei=‰Ã–ç aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=(’ç)¼‰º“dŠíŽY‹ÆŠ”Ž®‰ïŽÐ affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠw affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠw affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠw affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=‰ªŽR‘åŠw en-keyword=ZnO film kn-keyword=ZnO film en-keyword=Al doped ZnO kn-keyword=Al doped ZnO en-keyword=transparent conductive film kn-keyword=transparent conductive film en-keyword=r.f. activated reactive evaporation method kn-keyword=r.f. activated reactive evaporation method END start-ver=1.4 cd-journal=joma no-vol=26 cd-vols= no-issue=2 article-no= start-page=69 end-page=75 dt-received= dt-revised= dt-accepted= dt-pub-year=1992 dt-pub=19920328 dt-online= en-article= kn-article= en-subject= kn-subject= en-title= kn-title=Preparation and Characterization of Ti(2)O(3) Films Deposited on Sapphire Substrate by Activated Reactive Evaporation Method en-subtitle= kn-subtitle= en-abstract= kn-abstract=(001)-oriented Ti(2)O(3) films were epitaxially grown on a(001)-face of sapphire single-crystalline substrate by an activated reactive evaporation method. The formation ranges of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were determined as a function of the substrate temperature (Ts), the oxygen pressure (Po(2)) and the deposition rate. Stoichiometric Ti(2)O(3) films were grown at Ts†673K under Po(2)†1.0~10(-4)Torr, which showed the metal-insulator transition with a sharp change in electrical resistivity from 3.5~10(-2) to 2.6~10(-3)ƒ¶cm at 361K. Nonstoichiometric films prepared under less oxidized conditions did not exhibit the transition. The nonstoichiometry of the Ti(2)O(3)films was discussed in terms of excess Ti ions. en-copyright= kn-copyright= en-aut-name=FujiiTatsuo en-aut-sei=Fujii en-aut-mei=Tatsuo kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=1 ORCID= en-aut-name= en-aut-sei= en-aut-mei= kn-aut-name=SakataNaoki kn-aut-sei=Sakata kn-aut-mei=Naoki aut-affil-num=2 ORCID= en-aut-name=NanbaTokuro en-aut-sei=Nanba en-aut-mei=Tokuro kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=3 ORCID= en-aut-name=OsakaAkiyoshi en-aut-sei=Osaka en-aut-mei=Akiyoshi kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=4 ORCID= en-aut-name=MiuraYoshinari en-aut-sei=Miura en-aut-mei=Yoshinari kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=5 ORCID= en-aut-name=TakadaJun en-aut-sei=Takada en-aut-mei=Jun kn-aut-name= kn-aut-sei= kn-aut-mei= aut-affil-num=6 ORCID= affil-num=1 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=2 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=3 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=4 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=5 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry affil-num=6 en-affil= kn-affil=Department of Applied Chemistry END